吡咯烷酮羧酸的合成

以谷氨酸钠和盐酸为主要原料,化合物A为催化剂,通过环化脱水和酸化合成了吡咯烷酮羧酸。通过探讨催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度和硅油用量对环化反应的影响,确定了适宜的合成吡咯烷酮羧酸钠的工艺条件。结果表明,谷氨酸钠50 g,催化剂用量为谷氨酸钠用量的1.2%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度180℃,硅油用量70 g,去离子水50 g时,谷氨酸钠的转化率为96.7%。生成的吡咯烷酮羧酸钠与盐酸反应后得吡咯烷酮羧酸,酸化的适宜p H值为3.2,吡咯烷酮羧酸的产率达83.5%。测定其熔点为152.5¹58.3℃。     

Fenton氧化法处理造纸废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化法处理造纸废水,考察了初始p H值、Fe SO4和H_2O_2投加量及其比值对Fenton反应的影响,以及混合液p H值对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,Fenton氧化法处理造纸废水的最佳初始p H值为5.0,Fe SO4和H_2O_2投加量之比为2.00∶1,Fe SO4投加量为500 mg/L,H_2O_2投加量为250 mg/L;当混合液p H值接近中性时,絮凝效果较好。CODCr去除率可达85.5%,处理后出水CODCr的质量浓度不超过60 mg/L,色度低于30倍。     

短程硝化工艺在炼油催化剂废水中的中试研究

为改进炼油催化剂废水处理工艺,采用可直接进行放大的中试装置,以某炼油催化剂废水处理厂调和池出水为试验进水,探究短程硝化工艺用于炼油催化剂废水的工艺条件。通过不同溶解氧水平下的静态实验,考察溶解氧、pH、游离氨等条件对短程硝化的影响。并通过连续流试验,对后接厌氧氨氧化工艺时短程硝化工艺的稳定性进行了考察。结果表明,在进水流量稳定在1 m3/h以上时,成功实现短程硝化工艺,亚氮积累率平均为91.52%。     

Fenton法处理DDNP废水的实验研究

采用Fenton法处理DDNP废水,考察H_2O_2与FeSO_4的体积比、试剂总投加量、pH、反应时间等因素对去除效果的影响.实验结果表明,pH为6,质量分数为30%的H_2O_2投加量为40 mL/L左右、Fe~(2+)投加质量浓度为4.56 g/L,振荡1.5 h,COD_(Cr)去除率可达94.78%,色度去除率可达94.38%.     

Fenton+SMBBR组合工艺对有机废水的中试研究

采用Fenton+SMBBR组合工艺处理池州市某化工厂污水站的难降解有机废水。结果表明,在25～28℃时,H_2O_2浓度400 mg/L,污泥浓度4 000 mg/L,水力停留时间5 d时,COD、NH⁺_4-N、TN的去除率分别达到96.5%,92.7%,89.2%。出水优于国家一级A排放标准。     

Fenton试剂—微电解处理焦化废水实验研究

化肥厂焦化废水经生化法处理后,COD、色度均没有达到排放标准。采用Fenton试剂—微电解法对焦化废水进行深度处理,研究了pH、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、反应时间等因素对COD、色度去除效果的影响,并确定了最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下,COD、色度去除率分别为74.3%、96.9%,出水COD、色度均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级排放标准。     

Fenton+SMBBR组合工艺对有机废水的中试研究

采用Fenton+SMBBR组合工艺处理池州市某化工厂污水站的难降解有机废水。结果表明,在25～28℃时,H_2O_2浓度400 mg/L,污泥浓度4 000 mg/L,水力停留时间5 d时,COD、NH~+_4-N、TN的去除率分别达到96.5%,92.7%,89.2%。出水优于国家一级A排放标准。     

Fenton试剂预处理对活性嫩黄K-6G染料废水可生化性的影响

采用Fenton试剂预处理和序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)联合法处理偶氮染料活性嫩黄K-6G模拟染料废水,考察了Fenton试剂预处理时间和含盐量对染料废水可生化性影响、预处理对色度和COD的去除效果。试验结果表明,Fenton试剂预处理后染料液的可生化性得到显著改善,预处理1h后m(BOD5)/m(COD)值最大,为0.51;脱色作用十分显著,色度去除率可达98.3%。     

炼油污水A/O处理工艺模拟与优化

针对我国某炼油厂含油系列污水处理生化段缺氧/好氧(A/O)工艺,利用BioWin 5.0模拟软件,进行了模拟和优化。结果表明,校正后的模型能够较好地反映目前A/O工艺的运行状况。然后调节工艺参数对校正后的模型进行优化,结果表明:在优化后的运行条件下,出水COD几乎没有变化,TN去除率提高2.9%,曝气能耗下降了17.8%,节约了运行费用。     

微电解-Fenton净化对氨基苯酚废水研究

采用微电解工艺及微电解-Fenton工艺处理对氨基苯酚废水。结果表明,处理200 mL浓度为0.5 g/L对氨基苯酚废水,单独微电解工艺,在pH为3,废铁屑投加量50 g/L,铁炭质量比为20∶1,反应60 min, COD和色度去除率分别为40.25%和42.28%。微电解-Fenton联用,在pH为3,铁炭质量比为20∶1,双氧水投加量30 mL/L,反应60 min, COD和色度去除率分别达到93.72%和95.7%。     

控制系统在炼油污水BAF处理工艺中的应用

采用SIMATIC S7-300可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)实现了对炼油污水处理工艺BAF设备的控制,具体介绍了控制系统的原理、控制功能实现、控制方式、程序设计思路和PLC的控制效果.     

组合Fenton法处理弹药销毁废水

采用Fenton氧化-活性炭吸附的组合工艺处理兰州军区某弹药试验站弹药销毁废水,通过现场的中试试验,系统考察了4个主要影响因子:H2O2浓度、Fe2+浓度、pH值及反应时间在Fenton氧化中对弹药销毁废水处理效率的影响,分析了各影响因子的作用机制,并确定了它们的最佳运行参数,即H2O2的浓度为0.1 mol/L,Fe2+的浓度为1.8 mmol/L,pH值为3.5,反应时间为8 h。结果表明这些因子对弹药销毁废水的处理效率均有较大影响,应严格控制。经组合Fenton法处理后,TNT、COD的质量浓度分别小于1、60 mg/L,色度小于5倍,达到了GB14470.3-2002标准中规定的污染物排放标准。     

稀土铈阳极电芬顿技术提高焦化废水可生化性研究

以Ti/RuO_2-ZrO_2-Ce金属氧化物涂层电极为阳极,泡沫铜作为阴极,利用电芬顿技术预处理焦化废水。通过紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、三维荧光光谱对处理水样进行分析,探究焦化废水中难降解大分子有机物的去除规律。结果表明,反应时间为180 min时,TOC、总氮去除率分别达到62.14%,70.82%;焦化废水中芳香族化合物紫外吸收峰明显下降,部分特征吸收峰消失;C=C骨架和O—H红外吸收峰均大幅减弱;类富里酸和芳香族蛋白类荧光峰消失,其他荧光峰大幅减弱;B/C值由0.08提高到0.31,表明焦化废水达到可生物降解水平。表明电芬顿技术可以有效去除焦化废水中难降解大分子有机物,提高其生化性,可以作为焦化废水的预处理技术。     

超稠油炼制污水生化处理工程设计

针对辽河石化稠油与超稠油加工污水高含油、高乳化、高CODCr、高NH3-N及高悬浮物的特点,设计了以一级水解酸化、CAST、二级水解酸化、曝气生物滤池(BAF)为核心的生化处理工艺,出水达到《辽宁省污水综合排放标准》(DB 21/1627—2008)中第二类污染物新扩改一级标准。     

Fenton法预处理2-萘酚生产废水研究

用Fenton试剂预处理2-萘酚模拟废水。通过正交试验优化反应过程,当反应时间为40min,初始pH值为3.5,m(H2O2)/m(COD)为2,n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)为12时,可使COD去除率达到86%。结果表明,反应温度对COD去除的影响并不显著,而H2O2的消耗速率约为COD去除速率的2.3倍。活性污泥抑制试验显示未经Fenton处理的废水EC50值为329mg/L,而预处理后的废水对活性污泥没有抑制,这说明Fenton预处理可有效消除2-萘酚废水的生物毒性。     

Fenton oxidation process control using oxidation-reduction potential measurement for pigment wastewater treatment

The Fenton oxidation process was applied as a pretreatment process to degrade non-biodegradable organic matters in pigment wastewater. It was necessary to continuously measure the fluctuating concentration of organics in the pigment wastewater and to determine the amount of Fenton’s reagent required to oxidize the organics. Batch and continuous flow tests were used to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of organics (COD_Cr) and the amount of Fenton’s reagent required to achieve a sufficient oxidation of the organics. On-line measurements of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value in the batch and continuous flow tests showed that the maximum ORP values were highly related to the organic concentrations (expressed as COD_Cr) and the Fenton’s reagent dosage (expressed as H₂O₂ concentration). The empirical equation was [COD_Cr]=8808+0.494[H₂O₂]-14.6ORP. A control program of Fenton’s reagent dosage based on the empirical equation was applied to control of a pilot scale Fenton oxidation process using ORP measurement. The concentration of organics predicted with the control program well agreed with the observed concentration of organics in the pigment wastewater. The variation of the effluent organics concentration of the controlled Fenton oxidation process was significantly reduced compared to that of a process without the control system. These results suggested that the control system of Fenton’s reagent dosage using ORP measurement would be applicable to the Fenton oxidation process for efficient pretreatment of pigment wastewater.     

Fenton氧化法处理有机硅工业废水的研究

采用Fenton氧化法处理有机硅工业废水。通过正交试验和单因素试验,考察了反应时间、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))、温度、pH值和H_2O_2投加量等因素对废水CODCr去除率的影响。结果表明,Fenton氧化法的影响因素主次为:H_2O_2投加量、pH值、温度、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))、反应时间;在pH值为3、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe2+)值为6、反应时间为60 min、温度为35℃的最佳条件下,对于CODCr的质量浓度为5 440 mg/L的有机硅废水,在100 m L的水样中投加14 mL H_2O_2(30%),可使CODCr的去除率达到90.92%。     

Control of the Fenton process for textile wastewater treatment using artificial neural networks

BACKGROUND: The Fenton process is a popular advanced oxidation process (AOP) for treating textile wastewater. However, high consumption of chemical reagents and high production of sludge are typical problems when using this process and in addition, textile wastewater has wide‐ranging characteristics. Therefore, dynamically regulating the Fenton process is critical to reducing operation costs and enhancing process performance. The artificial neural network (ANN) model has been adopted extensively to optimize wastewater treatment. This study presents a novel Fenton process control strategy using ANN models and oxygen reduction potential (ORP) monitoring to treat two synthetic textile wastewaters containing two common dyes. RESULTS: Experimental results indicated that the ANN models can predict precisely the colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies for synthetic textile wastewaters with correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.91–0.99. The proposed control strategy based on these ANN models effectively controls the Fenton process for various effluent colour targets. For treating the RB49 synthetic wastewater to meet the effluent colour targets of 550 and 1500 ADMI units, the required Fe⁺² doses were 13.0–84.3 and 5.5–34.6 mg L^?1 (Fe⁺²/H₂O₂ = 3.0), resulting in average effluent colour values of 520 and 1494 units. On the other hand, an effluent colour target of 550 ADMI units was achieved for RBB synthetic wastewater. The required Fe⁺² doses were 14.6–128.0 mg L^?1; the average effluent colour values were 520 units. CONCLUSION: The Fenton process for textile wastewater treatment was effectively controlled using a control strategy applying the ANN models and ORP monitoring, giving the benefit of chemical cost savings. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

废水可生化性评价技术探讨

废水的可生化性是废水的重要特征指标之一.准确判断废水的可生化性对于处理工艺的设计十分重要.详细介绍了国内外目前应用的各项废水可生化性指标的概念、原理及应用过程中的优势和不足.为在处理工艺中对废水可生化性判定指标的选择提供了参考和指导.     

PBT废水回收THF工艺优化

根据THF变压共沸精馏工艺特点和装置存在的问题,优化蒸馏塔的操作温度、压力、回流比等提高THF产品的纯度。通过减少轻、重组分采出量,轻组分二次精馏,增加横沸精馏塔等措施提高THF产品回收率。