Al—0.53Zn合金近快速定向凝固条件下的胞晶间距选择

利用Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ装置考察了Ａｌ－０．５３Ｚｎ单相合金在近快速定向凝固条件下的胞晶间距选择规律。结果表明：在给定的温度梯度下,随着生长速度的增大,定向凝固组织均为胞状晶、胞晶间距λ的分布存在一个较宽范围,其最大,最小及平均间距随生长速度ｖ变化的实验规律可为：λｍａｘ＝９４８．５１ｖ＾－０．４９６１,λｍｉｎ＝６６１．１６ｖ＾－０．５０１５,λ＾－＝４１２．４１ｖ＾－０．５０４９。ＫＧＴ理论模型较     

凝固速率对Cu-1.0wt%Cr合金界面形态及枝晶演变的影响

研究了定向凝固速率对Cu-1．0wt％Cr亚共晶合金凝固界面形态及枝晶生长的影响。结果表明：当温度梯度一定时，随着凝固速率的提高，初生α相形态经过平面晶-胞晶组织-粗树枝晶-细树枝晶一系列的演化；初生α相的一次枝晶间距λ1在胞晶生长阶段逐渐增大，而在枝晶生长阶段，λ1又逐渐减小；而二次枝晶间距λ2随凝固速率的增加一直减小。     

合金定向凝固一次枝晶间距模拟

建立二元合金树枝晶生长的二维元胞自动机模型,模拟丁二腈2.5%(质量分数)乙醇定向凝固枝晶生长和一次枝晶间距选择过程。模拟结果表明:在给定的凝固条件下,定向凝固一次枝晶间距可在一个范围内变化,其具体取值与凝固历史具有相关性。在相同的温度梯度和不同冷却速度下,模拟给出的一次枝晶间距上、下限与实验结果吻合较好,详细分析影响定向凝固一次枝晶间距上下限的因素。结果表明:在给定凝固条件和合金系条件下,液相中无对流,影响一次枝晶间距上下限的主要因素是界面能和溶质扩散系数。     

定向凝固速度对Cu-Cr合金组织形貌的影响

在高梯度定向凝固装置上制备Cu-1.0%Cr(质量分数)合金,用金相显微镜、扫描电镜进行微观组织的观察,研究定向凝固速度对Cu-Cr合金微观组织形貌的影响.研究结果表明,Cu-1.0%Cr合金定向凝固组织形貌为:初生α相和(α β)共晶组织相间生长,宏观上沿凝固方向呈纤维状排列;随着凝固速度的提高,凝固组织随着凝固界面形态的演化,出现胞晶组织→粗树枝晶组织→细树枝晶组织的一系列的形貌变化.     

Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金定向凝固一次枝晶臂间距实验和模拟

通过Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金定向凝固实验和元胞自动机模型,开展定向凝固枝晶形貌演化和一次枝晶臂间距选择过程的实验和模拟。结果表明:在给定的凝固条件下,一次枝晶臂间距范围是一个连续的变化区间。在恒定温度梯度和不同凝固速度条件下,测得Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金一次枝晶臂间距上限值(λmax)、下限值(λmin)和平均值(λave)以及生长速率之间的关系,且上限值和下限值的比值接近3。模拟结果与实验结果的吻合程度明显优于Hunt-Lu等解析模型的预测结果,表明CA模型在枝晶定向凝固过程枝晶形貌演化模拟和枝晶臂间距预测等方面的准确性。结合模拟研究和文献调研分析影响定向凝固一次枝晶臂选择的因素,包括抽拉速度v、温度梯度G、界面能大小、溶质扩散系数DL、枝晶生长取向与热流方向的偏离角度θ等。     

Pb-Bi包晶合金定向凝固微观组织演化

对Pb-(26,28,30,34)Bi(质量分数,%,下同)包晶合金进行平界面生长的低速定向凝固到枝晶状生长的高速定向凝固实验,研究了Pb-Bi包晶合金的微观组织形成及其演化。实验结果表明,在温度梯度G=30K/mm条件下,当凝固速度V=0.25μm/s时,初生α相和包晶β相均以平界面生长,凝固组织的演化过程为:单相初生α相→两相竞争组织→β单相。V=0.5μm/s时,定向凝固组织的演化过程为:单相初生α相→胞状α相+胞间包晶β相→α+β两相竞争组织→β单相。在G=20K/mm条件下,当凝固速度V=1μm/s时,初生α相以胞状领先生长,包晶β相则在胞状α间形核生长,并包裹住α胞。当凝固速度增加至V≥2μm/s时,初生α相由胞状转变为枝晶状,包晶β相则在枝晶间包围α枝晶。     

Mg-2.35Gd合金的定向凝固显微组织与室温力学性能（英文）

研究定向凝固条件下凝固参数(生长速率v和温度梯度G)对Mg-2.35Gd合金显微组织及室温力学性能的影响。采用金属液淬技术,在温度梯度G为20、25、30 K/mm,生长速率v为10~200μm/s条件下通过高梯度Bridgman定向凝固炉制备试样。研究表明,实验合金的显微组织均为胞晶组织,胞晶间距λ随温度梯度和生长速率的增大而减小,其非线性拟合关系分别为λ=136.216v~(-0.2440)(G=30 K/mm)、λ=626.5630G~(-0.5625)(v=10μm/s),均与Trivedi模型较吻合。随温度梯度和生长速率的增大,合金室温抗拉强度逐渐提高,伸长率逐渐降低。同时,合金室温抗拉强度高于相同冷却速率条件下自由凝固试样的室温抗拉强度。     

快速生长枝-胞转变过程的界面结构和微观组织SCIEI

本文利用新研制的ZMLMC定向凝固装置,研究了Ni-5wt-％Cu合金快速定向凝固条件下由树枝状生长转变为胞状生长及其过渡过程的凝固界面结构和微观组织。实验结果表明:在枝-胞转变点附近,随生长速率的增大,侧向分枝由发达逐渐萎缩,最终消失;同时一次枝晶间距减小,发生枝-胞转变时,糊状区长度急骤缩短。快速生长胞状界面与慢速生长胞状界面形态相似,但前者胞间距更小,且胞壁不光滑。     

Zn—2.75%Cu合金定向凝固组织及对流的影响

研究了Zn-2.75%Cu合金在传统Bridgeman法和ACRT－B法下定向凝固组织的差别。着重讨论了生长速度和液相强制对流对Zn-Cu包晶定向凝固组织的影响。实验发现,在Bridgeman法定向凝固过程中,生长速度的增加使得液相中的温度梯度减小,一次枝晶间距减小,一次枝晶间距与生长速度和温度梯度的关系式为：λ1=0.6064R^-0.25GL^-0.5。强制对流使得一次枝晶发生分叉和偏转。并且随着对流强度的加大,一次枝晶间距降低,二次枝晶的生长被抑制。包晶反应的存在,使得枝晶的尖端和二次枝晶熔解,造成了固相中枝晶和初生枝晶的差别。     

有/无强制流动下定向凝固界面形貌的数值模拟研究

基于相场法对Ni-Cu合金的定向凝固过程进行了数值模拟,对比研究了抽拉速度、温度梯度对有/无强制流动下的凝固界面形貌的影响。结果表明,在强制流动的作用下,凝固界面向迎流方向倾斜生长;随着强制流速的增大,胞晶增大,沟槽的倾斜深度也逐渐增大,并且胞晶间的深度差别增大;在流动条件下,随着抽拉速度的增大,定向凝固界面演变模式为：平界面→深胞→浅胞→平界面,随着温度梯度的增大,凝固界面演化模式为：深胞→浅胞→平界面。此外,流动对凝固形成的胞晶一次间距产生重要影响     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。