基于热力耦合模型的切削加工残余应力的模拟及试验研究

航空精密薄壁零件具有复杂的型腔结构,切削加工残余应力是薄壁零件精度稳定性的重要影响因素,因此必须对切削加工残余应力进行研究。根据热—弹塑性有限元理论,建立切削加工三维有限元模型,对航空铝合金材料Al2A12进行切削加工非线性弹塑性有限元模拟分析,对切削加工表面残余应力进行预测和计算。通过有限元分析,得到不同切削参数、刀具参数条件下的已加工表面残余应力的模拟结果,并对结果进行比较分析,得到各个因素对工件已加工表面残余应力的基本影响规律;进行不同加工工序条件下的切削加工残余应力的有限元模拟,在加工表面已有一次切削加工残余应力分布的情况下,进行二次切削加工有限元模拟,得到二次切削加工对工件已加工表面残余应力的影响规律;并且进行不同切削参数对残余应力影响的试验研究,验证有限元模型的正确性。     

难加工材料硬态干车削中切削参数对残余应力的影响

本文对切削参数和残余应力之间的关系的进行研究.针对某型号高强高硬钢在硬态干车削过程,研究了各切削参数对已加工表面残余应力及残余应力层深分布的影响.结果发现,不同的切削参数条件下,工件已加工表面残余应力可以为拉应力也可以为压应力,残余应力作用层深度为300μm左右.对残余应力影响较大的切削因素为切削速度和进给量,切深对残余应力影响较小,切削参数选择低速低进给时,容易得到有利于提高工件疲劳寿命的表面残余压应力.     

硬切削表层残余应力特征预测研究

结合精密硬切削加工表层残余应力曲线的勺形分布特征,提出了以表面应力值、最大应力值、最大深度值和有效深度值4个变量作为表达残余应力曲线的特征参数,并作为BP网络的输出量,以刀具几何参数和切削参数等影响硬切削加工最为显著的变量为输入量,建立了硬切削加工表层残余应力特征BP网络预测模型。最后,通过实验验证了模型的准确性,实现了对精密硬切削加工表面残余应力较高精度的预测。     

金刚石刀具低温硬车削轴承钢的表面残余应力研究

应用CVD金刚石刀具,在低温CO2冷却下,进行GCr15轴承钢的低温硬车削试验,分析GCr15轴承钢加工表面残余应力的分布规律,探讨切削速度、进给量以及切削深度等切削参数对表面残余应力的影响.结果表明:在试验参数范围内,GCr15轴承钢的加工表面残余应力均为残余压应力,随着切削速度和进给量的增大,周向和轴向最大残余应力幅值均呈现出随之增大的变化趋势;随着切削深度的增加,周向最大残余应力幅值随之增大,但轴向最大残余应力幅值无明显变化.研究结果为GCr15轴承钢切削参数的选择和加工表面残余应力控制提供数据支撑.     

42CrMo钢精车加工表面残余应力有限元仿真研究

基于ABAQUS软件建立了42CrMo锻钢活塞外圆精车加工的二维切削仿真模型,采用单因素法研究了切削参数对残余应力的影响规律.结果 表明:42CrMo钢精车加工过程中,热应力引起的残余拉应力起主导作用,已加工表面产生残余拉应力并沿深度方向迅速转变为压应力.残余应力层深度随进给量和背吃刀量的增大而增大,切削速度对残余应力层深度影响不显著.表面残余拉应力随切削速度和进给量的增大而增大,背吃刀量对表面残余应力影响不显著.最大残余拉应力出现在工件已加工表面以下,表面残余应力、最大残余拉应力和最大残余压应力随切削参数的变化趋势与切削温度随切削参数的变化趋势基本一致.     

钛合金Ti-6Al-4V高压冷却车削过程有限元分析

随着钛合金的广泛应用,改善其切削加工性、提高加工表面完整性的试验研究也已得到广泛重视,但对该过程的仿真分析尚不成熟。通过Deform 3D仿真软件建立有限元仿真模型,模拟钛合金Ti-6Al-4V在干切削、普通冷却及高压冷却环境下的车削过程,研究切削环境对切削力、切削温度等加工过程量的影响,获取已加工工件距离加工表面不同深度的残余应力分布,分析高压冷却对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V加工表面残余应力的影响规律。通过钛合金Ti-6Al-4V车削试验测量切削力及刀具表面切削温度,并与有限元仿真模型对比,以验证其可靠性。仿真结果表明:随着切削液压强的增加,切削力增加,刀具表面切削温度降低,高压冷却可有效增强切削液的冷却作用。干切削时,已加工表面(d2=0)为残余拉应力;随着切削液压强的增加,已加工表面残余应力状态逐渐由残余拉应力向残余压应力转变,当切削液压强为200 bar时,已加工表面残余应力为残余压应力,且此时已加工表面残余压应力为最大值。随着测量深度的增加,残余应力值增大,在所有切削试验中,最大残余压应力值均在距离已加工表面相同距离。仿真结果与试验结果的对比证明了有限元仿真模型的可靠性,为钛合金Ti-6Al-4V高压冷却加工热力耦合分析和优化设计提供了理论依据。     

钛合金铣削加工表面残余应力研究

金属切削加工引起的残余应力对零部件变形、疲劳性能有重要影响,通过选择合适的加工参数对其进行控制是可能的。目的在于研究钛合金铣削加工中铣削参数对已加工表面残余应力的影响,利用X射线衍射技术测量进给方向和铣削方向的残余应力。为保证X射线应力测量精度,采用摇摆法和峰拟合定峰方法。试验结果表明,钛合金顺铣加工表面残余应力表现为压应力,主要是由于刀具后刀面与已加工表面的挤光效应起主导作用所致。沿铣削方向和进给方向,切削参数对工件表面残余应力影响具有差异性。通过控制切削参数有可能生成定制化的应力。     

轴承钢硬态切削表面残余应力的研究

为了揭示轴承钢硬态切削中切削用量对工件已加工表面残余应力的影响规律,运用金属切削软件AdvantEdge在不同切削用量条件下进行了热力耦合切削仿真。结果表明:硬态切削后工件已加工表面出现残余压应力,随着深度的增加残余压应力值减小并逐渐转变为拉应力;切削速度和进给量对残余压应力影响较大,残余压应力最大值随着切削速度的增加呈先减小后增加的趋势,但作用深度变化较小,进给量增加时残余压应力最大值和作用深度均增加;背吃刀量增加时残余压应力最大值和作用深度变化幅度很小。研究结果可为残余应力控制和工艺参数优化提供理论指导。     

汽轮机转子材料20Cr2NiMo铣削加工表面残余应力研究

零件加工表面残余应力对零件的疲劳强度和抗腐蚀性能具有重要影响。本文基于均匀试验方法,以切削速度、每齿进给量和轴向切深为因素,对汽轮机转子材料20Cr2NiMo合金钢进行铣削试验。通过测量不同切削参数下已加工表面的残余应力,采用多元回归方法建立了表面残余应力与切削参数之间的关系模型并得到验证。研究结果表明随着切削速度、每齿进给量和轴向切深的增大,残余拉应力均呈增大趋势;切削参数对表面残余应力的影响程度为v>f z>a p,且三因素之间存在交互作用。最后根据影响规律,为使加工表面呈现压应力状态,给出了切削参数的建议范围。     

铝合金7475已加工表面残余应力的数值模拟

为了揭示铝合金材料已加工表面残余应力的分布规律,建立了三维有限元模型对铝合金材料7475的切削加工过程进行了数值模拟,获得了铝合金材料7475已加工残余应力的分布规律,同时也研究了不同切削深度对已加工表面残余应力的影响规律。模拟结果表明：已加工表面层残余应力为拉应力,沿深度方向由拉应力逐渐过渡到压应力;而切削深度对铝合金7475已加工表面残余应力的影响较小。     

Comprehensive investigation on the residual stress of large screws by whirlwind milling

This study investigated the influence of cutting parameters on the residual stress obtained in whirlwind milling of AISI 52100 steel. Single-factor and Box-Behnken experiments were separately carried out. A prediction model of residual stress was developed on the basis of response surface methodology using experimental data. Results indicated that the cutting depth was the dominant factor, and the interaction between cutting speed and tool number was significant. The developed model could be effectively used to predict surface residual stress within high confidence. The optimum value and cutting condition were validated by confirmation experiments.     

A study of deformation of the machined workpiece and tool under different low cutting velocities with an elastic cutting tool

To understand the effects of cutting velocity, tool elastic deformation generated by high normal stresses during metal cutting processing and artificial tool flank wear on the cutting process, an iterative mathematical model for calculating the tool–workpiece contact problem was developed in this paper under the assumption of elastic cutting tools. In this model, the finite element method is used to simulate cutting of mild steel by the P20 cutting tool with constant artifical tool flank wear under the condition of three different cutting velocities. The results obtained in the simulation were found to match the experimental data reported by related studies. The simulation results also indicate that the thrust and the cutting forces are functions of cutting velocity. Besides, both the normal stress on the tool rake face and the residual stress of machined workpiece generally decrease with increase in cutting velocity. According to the findings in this study, though the residual stress of the machined workpiece decreases as the cutting velocity increases, its value is still higher than that in ordinary conditions due both to the influence of tool flank wear and tool elastic deformation. Also, the phenomenon of curvature at the workpiece end easily occurs.     

PCBN刀具精车高硬度轴承钢的合理切削速度

本文考察了切削速度对ＰＣＢＮ刀具寿命、切削温度、切削力和工件表面粗糙度的影响，总结出ＰＣＢＮ刀具切削高硬度轴承钢时合理的切削速度使用范围。Ｘ射线衍射议的测量结果表明，用ＰＣＢＮ刀具加工的工件表面存在残余压应力．     

深冷处理对PCBN刀具切削性能的影响研究

针对PCBN刀具在硬切削加工中磨损严重、切削寿命短的问题,开展了PCBN刀具深冷处理试验和经深冷处理的PCBN刀具高速硬车削AISI 4340钢的试验,研究深冷处理对PCBN刀具表面完整性(包括微观形貌、粗糙度、显微硬度和残余应力)及切削性能的影响规律,探究提高PCBN刀具耐磨性和刀具寿命的方法。研究结果表明,经过深冷处理之后,刀具表面缩松缩孔等缺陷明显减少甚至消失,表面形貌得到改善,但刀具表面粗糙度增大;刀具表面显微硬度、残余应力均得到提高;表面形貌和表面残余应力对刀具寿命影响较大,其次是表面显微硬度,表面粗糙度对刀具寿命影响较小。深冷处理后,刀具黏结、氧化磨损减少,刀具寿命较未处理刀具提高24.78%,可见,深冷处理可有效改善PCBN刀具表面完整性,从而提高刀具寿命。     

基于AdvantEdge的斜角车削仿真实验确定刀屑摩擦因数的方法

当使用AdvantEdge软件进行切削仿真实验时,刀屑摩擦因数对仿真结果的影响明显,但现有有限元软件未提供刀屑摩擦因数数据库。为建立一种基于AdvantEdge的斜角车削仿真实验的刀屑摩擦因数确定方法,首先提出基于斜角车削的摩擦力计算方法,然后建立AdvantEdge三维斜角车削仿真模型,设定不同切削速度、切削深度、进给量及摩擦因数,通过AdvantEdge 仿真正交试验,获得刀屑摩擦因数的经验计算公式。为验证刀屑摩擦因数经验计算公式的正确性,设定不同切削速度和切削深度及进给量的斜角车削正交试验,获得切削力数据,并基于摩擦因数经验计算公式求得对应刀屑摩擦因数。利用求得的摩擦因数数据修改AdvantEdge中刀屑摩擦因数参数,进行残余应力切削仿真实验。仿真实验获得的残余应力与实际切削实验获得的残余应力相比,误差在10%以内,证明提出的刀屑摩擦因数确定方法是正确的。     

LY12硬铝合金高速切削加工残余应力的研究

对LY12硬铝合金在高速切削加工过程中出现的高度非线性问题,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对切削过程进行仿真,得到了高速切削加工过程中的残余应力分布。讨论了高速切削加工过程中影响残余应力分布的几个关键因素:切削速度、背吃刀量、刀尖圆角半径,从而为以后获得基于残余应力的刀具参数优化方案提供了依据。     

The formation mechanism and the influence factor of residual stress in machining

Residual stresses generated in cutting process have important influences on workpiece performance. The paper presents a method of theoretical analysis in order to explicate the formation mechanism of residual stresses in cutting. An important conclusion is drawn that the accumulated plastic strain is the main factor which determines the nature and the magnitude of surface residual stresses in the workpiece. On the basis of the analytical model for residual stress, a series of simulations for residual stress prediction during cutting AISI 1045 steel are implemented in order to obtain the influences of cutting speed, depth of cut and tool edge radius on surface residual stress in the workpiece. And these influences are explained from the perspective of formation mechanism of residual stress in cutting. The conclusions have good applicability and can be used to guide the parameters selection in actual production.     

高速铣削 Inconel718已加工表面残余应力的有限元分析

利用有限元法对镍基高温合金Inconel 718的高速正交铣削进行模拟仿真,获得切削力、切削温度和残余应力.结果表明在仿真切削速度100-3000m/min范围内,刀尖峰值温度随切削速度提高而增大,由于高温造成工件软化,从而使切削力随切削速度增大而减小;残余应力层深度在已加工表面O.5mm以下,最大表面残余应力为拉应力...     

Improved analytical model for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting

The analytical model of residual stress in orthogonal cutting proposed by Jiann is an important tool for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting. In application of the model, a problem of low precision of the surface residual stress prediction is found. By theoretical analysis, several shortages of Jiann’s model are picked out, including: inappropriate boundary conditions, unreasonable calculation method of thermal stress, ignorance of stress constraint and cyclic loading algorithm. These shortages may directly lead to the low precision of the surface residual stress prediction. To eliminate these shortages and make the prediction more accurate, an improved model is proposed. In this model, a new contact boundary condition between tool and workpiece is used to make it in accord with the real cutting process; an improved calculation method of thermal stress is adopted; a stress constraint is added according to the volume-constancy of plastic deformation; and the accumulative effect of the stresses during cyclic loading is considered. At last, an experiment for measuring residual stress in cutting AISI 1045 steel is conducted. Also, Jiann’s model and the improved model are simulated under the same conditions with cutting experiment. The comparisons show that the surface residual stresses predicted by the improved model is closer to the experimental results than the results predicted by Jiann’s model.     

LY12硬铝合金高速切削加工残余应力的研究

对LY12硬铝合金在高速切削加工过程中出现的高度非线性问题,采用有限元软件心US对切削过程进行仿真,得到了高速切削加工过程中的残余应力分布。讨论了高速切削加工过程中影响残余应力分布的几个关键因素：切削速度、背吃刀量、刀尖圆角半径,从而为以后获得基于残余应力的刀具参数优化方案提供了依据。