Towards a (Max,+) Control Theory for Public Transportation Networks

We consider the modelling and analysisof public transportation networks, such as railway or subwaynetworks, governed by a timetable. Specifically, we study a (max,+)-linearmodel of a generic transportation network and thereby give aself-contained introduction to the key ideas underlying the (max,+)algebra. We elaborate on the algebraic structure implied by the(max,+)-model to formulate (and solve) the control problem inthe deterministic as well as in the stochastic case. The controlproblem is here whether a train should wait on a connecting trainwhich is delayed. Our objective is then to minimise the propagationof the delay through the network while maintaining as many connectionsas possible. With respect to the deterministic control problem,we present some recent ideas concerning the use of (max,+)-techniquesfor analysing the propagation of delays. Moreover, we show howone can use the (max,+)-algebra to drastically reduce the searchspace for the deterministic control problem. For the stochasticcontrol problem, we consider a parameterised version of the controlproblem, that is, we describe the control policy by means ofa real-valued parameter, say . Finding theoptimal control is then turned into an optimisation problem withrespect to . We address the problem by incorporatingan estimator of the derivative of the expected performance withrespect to into a stochastic approximationalgorithm.     

一种无线传感器网络中多应用系统级分布式接入控制策略

本文从无线传感器网络中多应用场景下的能量管理问题出发提出了一个系统级分布式接入控制策略.其目的为在一定的网络初始配置能量的前提下最大化总用户收益期望值.在设计该策略时,本文将多应用接入控制问题抽象成为一个特殊的“动态随机背包问题”,并采用相关理论对该问题建立了模型.为了求解这一模型,本文还提出了一个估计应用Reward及Cost联合概率分布的方案.并采用相关算法对该模型进行了求解,并据此设计了最优系统级分布式接入控制策略.经实验表明,本文提出的分布式接入控制策略能在各种网络初始能量配置下获取显著的总用户收益期望值的提高.另外,经实验还发现可以采用一个最优阈值的＂阈值准则＂来获取次优的接入控制效果,从而大大简化最优接入控制策略的设计.     

Modelling and temporal performances evaluation of networked control systems using (max, +) algebra

In this paper, we address the problem of temporal performances evaluation of producer/consumer networked control systems. The aim is to develop a formal method for evaluating the response time of this type of control systems. Our approach consists on modelling, using Petri nets classes, the behaviour of the whole architecture including the switches that support multicast communications used by this protocol. (max, +) algebra formalism is then exploited to obtain analytical formulas of the response time and the maximal and minimal bounds. The main novelty is that our approach takes into account all delays experienced at the different stages of networked automation systems. Finally, we show how to apply the obtained results through an example of networked control system.     

热压罐微机控制系统的控制算法和软件设计

由于难以建立受控对象的数学模型，本文为热压罐控制系统中的温度回路提出了一种多结构控制器，为压力回路提出了一个带有变死区的ＰＩ控制器。还介绍了固化规程在线修改的方法。此种控制策略具有很好的自适应性和鲁棒性。     

Modeling and Control of Hybrid Timed Event Graphs with Multipliers Using (Min, +) Algebra

We study a subclass of Petri nets, called hybrid timed event graphs with multipliers, or equivalently, hybrid timed weighted marked graphs, composed of continuous and discrete graphs interconnected among themselves. Such graphs can be modeled by using a particular algebra, called dioid, defined on a set of operators and endowed with the pointwise minimum operation as addition and the composition operation as multiplication. A just in time control method of these graphs based on residuation theory is proposed.     

基于遗传算法的纺织企业机配件库存控制

合理压缩库存量,降低库存成本对于纺织企业来说意义重大.建立了在非平稳需求下的库存控制模型,并采用遗传算法求解,给出了满足库存成本最小的(s,S)控制策略.通过求解某配件的(s,S)控制策略,验证了算法的有效.     

Web服务器群的QoS确保及其接纳控制研究

WWW访问的爆炸性发展正是Internet成功的重要原因，然而目前的Web服务器却缺乏相应的QoS机制，导致在过载时造成巨大的经济损失。一个提供多类服务的多服务器Web平台的服务质量确保体系被提出来，它以服务响应延迟为核心度量标准，将同一类服务抽象为一台虚拟服务器，并以该度量黏合起系统的各个组件．同时据此提出了一个动态自适应的服务接纳算法(DASAC)．测试表明，即使经历严重的过载与业务突发，也能保证用户感知的服务质量．     

预见控制理论及应用研究进展

预见控制因其能够利用已知的未来目标信息或干扰信息来改善控制系统的性能, 在众多实际工程领域得到越来越多的应用, 正日益受到研究者的广泛关注.本文较全面概述了预见控制理论自20世纪60年代提出以后的发展状况, 重点概述线性最优预见控制、线性鲁棒预见控制、非线性预见控制等相关理论的研究进展, 并且总结预见控制在车辆主动悬挂系统、机电伺服系统、机器人、飞行器、电网发电系统等领域的应用现状.最后, 总结了预见控制的研究成果, 探讨了目前存在的主要问题并展望了未来发展方向.本文的综述旨在通过抛砖引玉, 促进预见控制理论及应用的全面发展.     

Recent Progress in Reinforcement Learning and Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Advanced Control Applications

Reinforcement learning (RL) has roots in dynamic programming and it is called adaptive/approximate dynamic programming (ADP) within the control community. This paper reviews recent developments in ADP along with RL and its applications to various advanced control fields. First, the background of the development of ADP is described, emphasizing the significance of regulation and tracking control problems. Some effective offline and online algorithms for ADP/adaptive critic control are displayed, where the main results towards discrete-time systems and continuous-time systems are surveyed, respectively. Then, the research progress on adaptive critic control based on the event-triggered framework and under uncertain environment is discussed, respectively, where event-based design, robust stabilization, and game design are reviewed. Moreover, the extensions of ADP for addressing control problems under complex environment attract enormous attention. The ADP architecture is revisited under the perspective of data-driven and RL frameworks, showing how they promote ADP formulation significantly. Finally, several typical control applications with respect to RL and ADP are summarized, particularly in the fields of wastewater treatment processes and power systems, followed by some general prospects for future research. Overall, the comprehensive survey on ADP and RL for advanced control applications has demonstrated its remarkable potential within the artificial intelligence era. In addition, it also plays a vital role in promoting environmental protection and industrial intelligence.     

非线性控制在电力系统中的应用

对多种非线性控制技术的基本原理进行了简要的介绍,在此基础上结合电力系统的具体特性介绍了它们在电力系统中的一些具体应用.最后,指出了电力系统非线性控制的发展趋势.     

非线性控制在电力系统中的应用

对多种非线性控制技术的基本原理进行了简要的介绍, 在此基础上结合电力系统的具体特性介绍了它们在电力系统中的一些具体应用. 最后, 指出了电力系统非线性控制的发展趋势.     

小波分析及其在控制中的应用

对小波分析的主要研究方向和特点进行综述,并阐述了小波分析在模型辨识、有约束问题的求解等控制领域中的应用,特别论述了小波神经网络的结构、学习算法及其优良的逼近性能,最后介绍了目前已有的基于小波分析的自适应控制方案,并对未来的研究做了探讨。     

QoS-Aware Admission Control and Dynamic Resource Provisioning Framework in Ubiquitous Multimedia Computing Environments

A ubiquitous service deployment is emerging in the multimedia, networking, and wireless mobile computing area. Therefore, there has been an increasing demand for ubiquitous computing environments to support a certain degree of quality of service (QoS) to meet various service requirements from different computing and networking applications, and to better utilize the computing resources. However, supporting QoS in the ubiquitous computing environments has also raised great concerns regarding the applicability of any QoS solution. Management of such ubiquitous multimedia applications requires new mechanisms, i.e., Soft-QoS framework, to be developed for admission control, negotiation, allocation, and scheduling. In this paper, we present a novel negotiated admission control algorithm that exploits the degradability property of applications to improve the performance of the system. The algorithm is based on setting aside a portion of the resources as reserves and managing it intelligently, so that the total utility of the system can be maximized. The mixed greedy and predictive strategy leads to an efficient protocol that also improves the system performance. We use the constructs of application benefit functions and resource demand functions in the integrated admission control and negotiation protocol. We applied our Soft-QoS framework to the admission controlling and resource scheduling for ubiquitous multimedia devices such as Continuous Media (CM) or Video-On-Demand (VOD) servers, where multimedia applications can generally tolerate certain variations on QoS parameters by providing multiple classes with consistently proportional rather than absolute QoS. Extensive simulation experiments are presented in the paper to evaluate the performance of the novel mechanisms and compare it against some other methods used in the past.This work was in part funded by DARPA through the SPAWARSYSCEN under Contract Number N66001-97-C-8525 and SK Telecom, Korea, under Contract Number (KU-R0405721).     

视频服务器中多网络I/O的调度与接纳控制

在视频服务器中,由于网络I/O带宽比磁盘I/O带宽相对丰富而未得到研究者的重视,但当服务达到一定的规模、网络输出成为瓶颈时,在多网络I/O情况下,网络输出的量化计算则不可避免.着重探讨了视频服务器在多网络I/O并行输出的情况下,如何进行最大输出调度的问题,给出了3个调度算法及相应的接纳计算公式,特别是一个带缓冲的优化调度模型.实验结果显示,调度模型及规划性能是优越而有效的.该项工作对视频服务器的调度设计、资源的有效配置具有指导作用.     

异构无线网络中基于效用的呼叫接纳控制及流量均衡策略

目前国内外对于异构无线网络中联合呼叫接纳控制和流量均衡策略的研究大多停留在网络层以上,即认为不同的网络具有不同的覆盖面积和网络容量,而没有考虑不同网络在物理层和链路层的具体特性.本文在对UMTS和WLAN底层特性分析的前提下,结合应用层为用户设定的效用函数,利用跨层信息提出了一种新的联合呼叫接纳控制及流量均衡策略.仿真结果表明该策略可以使异构无线网络中所有呼叫的效用总和最大.     

布尔网络的分析与控制——矩阵半张量积方法

布尔网络是描述基因调控网络的一个有力工具. 由于系统生物学的发展, 布尔网络的分析与控制成为生物学与系统控制学科的交叉热点. 本文综述作者用其原创的矩阵半张量积方法在布尔网络的分析与控制中得到的一系列结果. 内容包括: 布尔网络的拓扑结构, 布尔控制网络的能控、能观性与实现, 布尔网络的稳定性和布尔控制网络的镇定, 布尔控制网络的干扰解耦, 布尔 (控制) 网络的辨识,以及布尔网络的最优控制等.     

模糊/神经自适应控制及其在非线性系统中的应用

针对连续未知非线性系统,提出一种基于观测器并保证稳定性和有界性的自适应模糊历中经算法。本算法利用T—S模糊系统或者神经网络径向基函数构成间接自适应控制器,其参数根据控制率和自适应率进行在线调整,并利用Lyapunov综合法确保对非线性环节渐进跟踪的稳定性。最后,通过对倒立摆系统的仿真,证明该算法在非线性系统控制中应用的可行性。     

基于CAN总线的锅炉汽包水位监控系统的设计

文章提出了基于CAN总线技术的锅炉汽包水位监控系统的设计方案,介绍了系统整体结构,同时阐述了CAN节点控制器的硬、软件设计。运行结果表明,该系统结构简单、运行可靠、易于调整,可以改善锅炉的监控品质,提高锅炉的热效率,节省能源,减少污染。     

人工免疫系统及其在控制系统中的应用

人工神经网络系统理论的研究已经取得了较大的进展, 然而对于人工免疫系统理论的研究还刚刚起步. 本文介绍了免疫系统的特点、免疫系统的组成, 比较了免疫系统和中枢神经系统的相似性和差异性, 论述了人工免疫网络系统及其在复杂系统建模和控制中的应用. 最后对进一步的研究工作作了简单的展望.     

化学反应器温度跟踪预测函数控制的研究及应用

对以预测函数控制算法为核心并结合PID控制的先进控制算法进行了研究,针对化学反应器的温度跟踪控制问题,给出了透明控制算法及预测函数控制器的具体形式,仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的跟踪特性,抗干扰能力及鲁棒性,同时,该算法在SUPCON-JX300集散控制系统上实现,工业现场运行取得了很好的结果。