分析住宅建筑生活给排水设计中若干的问题

随着经济快速发展人民生活水平不断提升人们对居住环境的要求也日益提高人们在考虑居住条件时除了关注住宅的环境、楼层、面积、户型等因素外也开始将更多的注意力放在了住宅设施配置上住宅建筑的设计自当备受关注。本文针对住宅建筑设计过程中给水排水系统设计时的一些常见问题进行了分析以期为给排水设计提供相应的参考。     

小康住宅给排水设计

根据建设部提出的小康住宅标准和中国城市小康住宅通用体系（WHOS）设计通则，建筑给排水设计如何满足其要求，笔者根据以往经验谈一些看法。1水表出户水表出户是提高住宅私密性和安全性的需要。可分为三种做法：（1）分户表在首层集中设置，这样管理方便，但耗用管材多。（2）分户表分层集中设置，供水系统简单，抄表维修也不打扰住户，但要处理好水表后的管道走向和布置。（3）设置分户远程传水表，远传水表是今后的发展方向，虽然它增加了预埋信号线的工作量，且要求厂家对远传水表的产品质量一定要满足要求，测量要准确无误，但比其它…     

住宅建筑给排水设计中若干问题的探讨

根据国家规范和工程设计经验,对住宅建筑给排水系统设计中水表设置、给水支管敷设以及排水管道敷设的若干问题进行探讨。     

城市小康住宅给排水设计初探

根据小康住宅的基本要求，针对生活给排水设计遇到的问题进行了分析与探讨，对水表设置、给排水管道的敷设以及新材料新技术的应用等提出了一些看法。     

关于现代住宅给排水设计中若干问题分析

本文主要根据工程设计经验．结合国家规范，阐述了现代住宅给排水设计中水表的设置、给水支管的敷设、排水管道敷设、卫生问排水的处理等设计中应注意的问题并做了分析。     

谈现代住宅给排水设计

结合现代住宅设计高标准、人性化、舒适化、绿色生态化的特点，介绍了给排水设计中，生活用水供水方式的选择、水表设置的几种方式、给排水管材的选用及推广使用节水坐便器等问题，并提出几点看法。     

小康住宅给排水设计浅谈

小康住宅的给排水设计正处于尝试和完善阶段。作者根据以往设计实践,就水表出户、立支管暗装、卫生设施配备等问题,谈了几点看法。     

住宅给排水设计存在问题与对策

本文结合锦明华府工程实例,根据调研及沿海发达城市的设计准则,给出住宅生活用水定额及小时变化系数。分别阐述了住宅建筑给排水设计中,给水、热水、排水、雨水、空调凝结水管道的敷设要求及材质的选择。     

浅议住宅给排水设计

本文介绍了住宅中厨卫间总体发展和要求并针对设计时给排水方面的几个问题,提出个人的看法。     

普通住宅给排水实用新技术

结合多年的设计施工经验，就普通多层民用建筑中给排水的设计，从水表的设置、给排水管道、管件的敷设等方面对一些实用的新技术作了介绍，以实现住宅给排水的合理设计。     

现代住宅给排水设计的体会

根据工程实际设计经验与体会，结合国家规范要求，对住宅建筑给排水系统设计中水表设置及给水支管敷设等设计的一些特点进行探讨，以适应住宅设计发展的新要求。     

高层建筑供水方式及其耗能分析

文章探讨了高层建筑的供水方式及其耗能分析,详述了两种高层建筑的主要供水方式,并比较了它们在耗能方面上的优缺点.     

住宅热水供应系统设计体会

结合近年来所做的工程设计经验 ,就目前住宅热水系统设计中的几个问题进行探讨 ,对供水压力的平衡在热水系统设计中的重要性、循环方式的合理选用、新型管材及保温方式在热水系统中的运用等问题总结了一些体会     

Using QMRA-based regulation as a water quality management tool in the water security challenge: Experience from the Netherlands and Australia

Innovation in the water sector is at play when addressing the global water security challenge. This paper highlights an emerging role for Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) and health-based targets in the design and application of robust and flexible water quality regulation to protect public health. This role is especially critical as traditional supply sources are subject to increased contamination, and recycled wastewater and stormwater become a crucial contribution to integrated water supply strategies. Benefits and weaknesses of QMRA-based regulation are likely to be perceived differently by the multiple stakeholders involved. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the experience of QMRA-based regulation implementation in the Netherlands and Australia, and to draw some lessons learned for regulators, policy makers, the industry and scientists. Water experts from regulatory bodies, government, water utilities, and scientists were interviewed in both countries. This paper explores how QMRA-based regulation has helped decision-making in the Netherlands in drinking water safety management over the past decade. Implementation is more recent in Australia: an analysis of current institutional barriers to nationally harmonized implementation for water recycling regulation is presented. This in-depth retrospective analysis of experiences and perceptions highlights the benefits of QMRA-based regulation and the challenges of implementation. QMRA provides a better assessment of water safety than the absence of indicators. Setting a health target addresses the balance between investments and public safety, and helps understand risks from alternative water sources. Challenges lie in efficient monitoring, institutional support for utilities, interpretation of uncertainty by regulators, and risk communication to consumers.     

Impacts of residence time during storage on potential of water saving for grey water recycling system

Grey water recycling has been generally accepted and is about to move into practice in terms of sustainable development. Previous research has revealed the bacteria re-growth in grey water and reclaimed municipal water during storage. However, in most present grey water recycling practices, impacts of water quality changes during storage on the system's performance and design regulation have not been addressed. In this paper, performance of a constructed wetland based grey water recycling system was analysed by taking the constraint of residence time during storage into account using an object based household water cycle model. Two indicators, water saving efficiency (WSE) and residence time index (RTI), are employed to reflect the system's performance and residence time during storage respectively. Results show that WSE and RTI change with storage tank volumes oppositely. As both high WSE and RTI cannot be achieved simultaneously, it is concluded that in order to achieve the most cost-effective and safe solution, systems with both small grey and green tanks are needed, whilst accepting that only relatively modest water saving efficiency targets can be achieved. Higher efficiencies will only be practicable if water quality deterioration in the green water tank can be prevented by some means (e.g. disinfection).     

Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate in water

Nitrate (NO(3)(-)) contamination of groundwater is a common problem throughout intensive agricultural areas (nonpoint source pollution). Current processes (e.g., ion exchange, membrane separation) for NO(3)(-) removal have various disadvantages. The objective of this study was to evaluate an electrocatalytic reduction process to selectively remove NO(3)(-) from groundwater associated with small agricultural communities. A commercially available ELAT (E-Tek Inc., Natick, MA) carbon cloth with a 30% surface coated Rh (rhodium) (1microg x cm(-1)) was tested at an applied potential of -1.5 V versus standard calomel electrode (SCE) with a Pt auxiliary electrode. Electrocatalytic reduction process (electrolysis) of NO(3)(-) was tested with cyclic voltammetry (CV) in samples containing NO(3)(-) and 0.1M NaClO(4)(-). Nitrate and NO(2)(-) concentrations in test solutions and groundwater samples were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC). The presence of Rh on the carbon cloth surface resulted in current increase of 36% over uncoated carbon cloths. The electrocatalysis experiments using Rh coated carbon cloth resulted in reduction of NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) on a timescale of minutes. Nitrite is produced as a product, but is rapidly consumed upon further electrolysis. Field groundwater samples subjected to electrocatalysis experiments, without the addition of NaClO(4)(-) electrolyte, also exhibited removal of NO(3)(-) on a timescale of minutes. Overall, results suggest that at an applied potential of -1.5 V with respect to SCE, Rh coated carbon cloth can reduce NO(3)(-) concentrations in field groundwater samples from 73 to 39 mg/L (16.58 to 8.82 mg/L as N) on a timescale range of 40-60 min. The electrocatalytic reduction process described in this study may prove useful for removing NO(3)(-) and NO(2)(-) from groundwater associated with nonpoint source pollution.     

地下水源热泵系统的推广对地下水资源的影响分析

随着地下水源热泵的大面积推广,一方面其节能减排效果在我国的能源战略中发挥重要的作用;另一方面,由于对地下水资源的利用存在着不环保、不科学、不合理的开发,导致地下水资源正逐渐受到影响。本文通过分析我国31个省市地下水资源的变化状况,倡导科学、有效地综合开发利用管理及应用地下水资源。     

浅谈多层住宅楼给水设计的几个问题

结合实践情况对多层住宅小区的给水设计从给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户的设置等方面进行了探讨,以完善多层住宅楼给水设计,达到提高供水质量,更好地为人民服务的目的。