钢筋混凝土梁非线性有限元分析方法

针对钢筋混凝土结构有限元分析中,材料进入非线性阶段后,难以通过梁理论准确描述混凝土截面和钢筋应力状态的问题,提出了基于柔度法和分布式塑性理论的钢筋混凝土梁单元材料非线性方法——网格截面法。这种方法采用平面等参单元将梁单元网格化,由单元轴向积分点位置截面网格积分点的混凝土应力描述单元截面应力分布,同时考虑钢筋对刚度的贡献,并通过对截面网格材料的积分计算积分点位置的截面刚度矩阵,再利用力插值函数和能量原理得到梁单元的柔度矩阵,进而对柔度矩阵求逆计算单元刚度矩阵。通过算例验证该方法在钢筋混凝土承载力分析时的准确性。     

基于静力凝聚的高精度变截面梁单元及其几何非线性分析研究

基于Euler-Bernoulli梁单元基本假定,通过静力凝聚获得截面特性沿单元轴向连续变化的变截面梁单元高精度刚度矩阵,并提出一种基于随动坐标法求解变截面梁杆结构大位移、大转动、小应变问题的新思路。首先依据插值理论和非线性有限元理论推导出三节点变截面梁单元的切线刚度矩阵,然后使用静力凝聚方法消除中间节点自由度,从而得到一种新型非线性两节点变截面梁单元。结合随动坐标法,在变形后位形上建立随动坐标系,得到变截面梁单元的大位移全量平衡方程。实例计算表明,该新型变截面梁单元具有较高的计算精度,可应用于变截面梁杆系统大位移几何非线性分析。     

一种考虑截面完整变形特征的空间三维梁有限元模型

提出了一种基于截面插值的三维空间梁模型。首先引入截面插值函数——拉格朗日函数描述截面形状,以位移向量为未知变量描述截面位移,在此基础上依据插值理论构造梁单元位移场,不同于传统梁单元通过假定的中性轴挠度和转角来确定梁截面各点位移,该梁模型摒弃了中性轴假设与平截面假设,通过截面插值函数得到梁截面面内、面外变形;然后通过有限元理论推导了梁单元刚度矩阵与质量矩阵,并采用MATLAB编制了相应的有限元程序;最后通过几个典型算例展开分析,并将该单元的计算结果与经典梁理论和商用有限元软件数值计算结果进行对比,算例结果表明该单元有着更好的适用性和更高的精度。     

空间薄壁截面梁非线性有限单元模型

基于Timoshenko梁理论和Vlasov薄壁杆件理论,通过设置单元内部节点并对弯曲转角和翘曲角采取独立插值的方法,建立了可考虑横向剪切变形和扭转剪切变形及其耦合作用、弯扭耦合、以及二次剪应力影响的空间薄壁梁非线性有限元模型。以更新的拉格朗日格式描述的几何非线性应变推得几何刚度矩阵。同时考虑了材料非线性,假定材料为理想塑性体,服从Von Mises屈服准则和Prandtle-Reuss增量关系,采用有限分割法,由数值积分得到空间薄壁梁的弹塑性刚度矩阵。算例表明该文所建梁单元模型具有良好的精度,适用于空间薄壁结构的有限元分析。     

组合构件双重非线性分析模型研究与应用

以超高层建筑中当前广泛应用的杆系组合构件为研究对象,采用三维空间梁单元对其进行复杂受力状态下的双重非线性分析。为贴近实际工程同时简化计算,首先根据有限元方法和最小势能原理建立单元考虑几何非线性的弹性切线刚度矩阵;然后通过划分截面广义应变将单元截面刚度矩阵分离为弹性刚度矩阵与塑性刚度矩阵,在假定广义应变增量分布状态基础上,基于纤维模型法推导出单元塑性刚度矩阵;最后将考虑几何非线性的弹性刚度矩阵与塑性刚度矩阵集合成整体刚度矩阵,根据构件自身特性选取合理材料本构关系及数值计算方法进行构件非线性受力分析。数值分析结果表明,该文模型与方法概念清晰、计算精度高,还可应用于钢筋混凝土构件的受力性能非线性分析。     

基于等参公式的三节点梁单元

为了提高非线性分析的计算精度和效率,详细介绍了基于等参公式的三节点梁单元,推导了这种梁单元考虑几何非线性的切线刚度矩阵,并给出了高斯积分点的分布。在此基础上编制有限元程序,考虑了单元的大转角、大位移和剪切变形的影响,并采用von-Mises屈服准则和Zeigler随动硬化法则考虑了材料非线性的影响。与试验结果和通用程序的对比分析表明,这种方法具有较高的精度和效率,并且能方便地用于变截面杆系结构的空间双重非线性分析。     

任意截面预应力混凝土细长柱的非线性分析

提出了轴力和双向弯曲作用下任意截面混凝土和预应力混凝土细长柱的非线性有限元计算模型.分析时既考虑了由单元变形和轴力二次矩引起的几何非线性效应,也考虑了由材料非线性应力应变关系和截面刚度矩阵引起的材料非线性效应.推导了非线性全过程分析的标准有限元公式,得到的单元刚度矩阵可分割成三个子矩阵,分别反映了材料非线性、材料非线性和单元大位移的耦合、轴力二次矩等三种不同的非线性作用效应.计算分析结果和试验结果吻合较好.     

改进的基于弹性核法的曲梁有限梁段法

基于弹性核法的曲梁有限梁段法,在求解曲梁单元刚度矩阵时,因柔度矩阵的表达式繁琐,难以直接求逆得到单元刚度矩阵的解析表达式.相关文献及曲梁的梁段有限元程序均采用数值方法求逆,得其刚度矩阵.该文提出一个矩阵求逆理论,并证明之.依此理论推导出曲梁单元刚度矩阵的解析解,并提出对曲梁有限梁段法的改进.算例验证了公式的正确性和可靠...     

基于有限单元柔度法和刚度法的几何非线性空间梁柱单元比较研究

分别基于有限单元柔度法和有限单元刚度法二阶分析理论,采用纤维模型梁柱单元编制了钢筋混凝土杆系结构二阶非线性分析程序;分别采用这两种方法对几个典型试验实例进行了计算机模拟分析,通过模拟分析结果的对比,对有限单元柔度法与有限单元刚度法处理几何非线性问题的效果与效率进行了比较研究.结果表明:对于几何非线性问题,尤其是对于处理下降段(非稳定阶段)问题,基于柔度法的梁柱单元无论从计算效率还是计算效果上都明显优于基于刚度法的梁柱单元,有限单元柔度法是目前处理杆系结构材料与几何双重非线性问题最为有效的分析方法.     

基于有限单元柔度法和刚度法的非线性梁柱单元比较研究

分别基于有限单元柔度法和有限单元刚度法理论,采用纤维模型梁柱单元编制了钢筋混凝土杆系结构非弹性分析程序。基于柔度法的梁柱单元模型的特点在于以单元截面力插值函数作为出发点,在不考虑几何非线性的前提下,总能保证单元内部截面力场分布满足平衡条件。通过构造的数值算例及钢筋混凝土双向弯曲柱反复加载试验结果与两种方法模拟分析结果的对比,对柔度法与刚度法的分析效果进行了比较研究,并对纤维模型梁柱单元解决空间杆系结构非弹性分析的有效性进行了验证。结果表明:对于结构处于强非线性阶段,尤其是对于处理下降段(软化)问题,基于柔度法的梁柱单元无论从计算效率还是计算效果上都明显优于基于刚度法的梁柱单元;纤维模型梁柱单元是目前处理空间杆系双向弯曲与变轴力耦合问题最为实用有效的单元分析模型。     

用微分求积法求解梁的弹塑性问题

根据梁塑性弯曲的工程理论,采用微分求积法进行了梁的弹塑性平面弯曲分析。微分求积法是一种直接求解微分方程(组)的数值方法,不依赖于变分原理,且能以较少的网格点求得微分方程的高精度数值解。与有限元分析结果的比较,表明了微分求积法求解梁的弹塑性问题的计算效率和精度。微分求积法的计算结果不受荷载步长的限制,也不需要迭代求解,特别对于承受非线性分布荷载作用的梁的弹塑性分析具有很大的优越性。通过选用不同的网格点数目,分析了微分求积法的稳定性和收敛性。     

Theory and numerics of three‐dimensional beams with elastoplastic material behaviour

A theory of space curved beams with arbitrary cross‐sections and an associated finite element formulation is presented. Within the present beam theory the reference point, the centroid, the centre of shear and the loading point are arbitrary points of the cross‐section. The beam strains are based on a kinematic assumption where torsion‐warping deformation is included. Each node of the derived finite element possesses seven degrees of freedom. The update of the rotational parameters at the finite element nodes is achieved in an additive way. Applying the isoparametric concept the kinematic quantities are approximated using Lagrangian interpolation functions. Since the reference curve lies arbitrarily with respect to the centroid the developed element can be used to discretize eccentric stiffener of shells. Due to the implemented constitutive equations for elastoplastic material behaviour the element can be used to evaluate the load‐carrying capacity of beam structures. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

空间杆系结构的弹塑性大位移分析

为适当降低杆系结构弹塑性分析的计算量,该文假设单元塑性变形集中于单元端部。在单元端部截面上,将截面分割为若干小块面积,用小块面积中心处材料的弹塑性性能代替整个小块面积的弹塑性性能。通过对小块面积弹塑性性能的分析,得出端部截面的弹塑性刚度,再将其与单元内部弹性部分的截面刚度沿杆长进行Gauss-Lobatto积分,由此获得梁单元的弹塑性刚度矩阵。该文对小面积中心点采用基于材料应变等向强化的弹塑性本构关系,为准确分析杆端截面小块面积的弹塑性应力状态,该文提出了有效的应力调整算法以修正计算过程中偏离屈服面的应力值。数值算例表明,该文方法准确、高效、可靠。     

A co-rotational weak-form quadrature planar beam element for geometric nonlinear static and dynamic analysis

The co-rotational formulation of quadrature planar beam element undergoing large displacement and large rotation is presented. A local frame co-rotates with the differential element and decomposes the motion into a rigid body movement and a strain-producing deformation. General explicit formulations of elemental vectors and matrices, including internal force vector, external force vector, tangent stiffness matrix, and mass matrix, are derived via the numerical integration together with the differential quadrature law. Thus, the element nodes and numerical integration method can be chosen arbitrarily based on the accuracy requirement and problem type. A number of case studies on the static, postbuckling, and dynamic response of beams and frame structures are conducted. The convergence study shows that the co-rotational quadrature element has an exponential rate of convergence and the reduced Gauss integration yield the highest accuracy. It is seen that the proposed co-rotational quadrature beam element is simple in formulations, computationally efficient, and capable of capturing the complex nonlinear behavior of beam and frame structures with high precision.     

积分精度对三角形求积元收敛性的影响

该文通过提高积分精度改进了非均匀格点三角形求积元的收敛性。以球面映射点为初值,以能够精确积分的多项式最高阶数为目标,采用数值优化方法,得到了一系列新的积分点位置和积分权系数。这样的积分法则所能够精确积分的多项式最高阶数为插值多项式阶数的1.6倍左右。初步的数值实验表明,对于平面位势问题和平面弹性问题,改进的单元具有更好的收敛性。此外还讨论了进一步改进单元性质的方法以及这些方法可能存在的上限。     

一种修正的切比雪夫积分公式

数值积分是一种重要的数值计算工具。基于切比雪夫等权系数积分公式,引入区间端部积分点,提出了一种修正的切比雪夫数值积分公式,突破了因实数节点切比雪夫等权系数积分公式阶数不超过9而在实际应用中受到的限制,也因增加了端点使其能够运用于弱形式求积元分析。经过在积分计算和梁杆的线性与非线性问题弱形式求积元分析中的应用,并与求解问题的精确解及采用洛巴托积分的结果进行对比,证明了所提出的修正的切比雪夫积分公式的准确性和有效性。     

Static and free vibration analyses of rectangular plates by the new version of the differential quadrature element method

A new version of the differential quadrature method is presented in this paper to overcome the difficulty existing in the ordinary differential quadrature method for applying multi‐boundary conditions in two‐dimensional problems. Since the weighting coefficients of the first derivative are the same as for the ordinary differential quadrature method even with the introduction of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom at the boundary points, the method is easier to extend to two‐ or three‐dimensional problems. A new version of the differential quadrature plate element has been established for demonstration. The essential difference from the existing old version of the differential quadrature plate element is the way the weighting coefficients are determined. The methodology is worked out in detail and some numerical examples are given to show the efficiency of the present method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A simple element for static and dynamic response of beams with material and geometric nonlinearities

A unified simple 6 degrees-of-freedom beam finite element and the associated computational procedures have been developed for the fast and efficient solution of a wide class of static and dynamic response problems of the beam type with material and/or geometrical nonlinearities. The material nonlinearity is treated by including its effect in the governing equations by forming the stiffness matrix of each element using a two-dimensional grid of Gauss points and using the material properties at each point corresponding to the uniaxial strain at that point. Examples are provided for metal and reinforced concrete beams. A powerful yet straightforward method for the solution of elastica problems of beams and frames, using the beam element developed by the senior author, has been extended for determining the dynamic response of beams undergoing large displacements, including large rotations. The solution procedure involves piecewise linearization of response equations and iterations at each incremental step to achieve equilibrium. The solution procedure is simple and easy to apply. A variety of problems is solved to determine the applicability of the proposed simple formulations. Excellent agreement with existing analytical solutions which employ higher order elements demonstrates the efficiency and versatility of the present simple beam element in nonlinear analysis.