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以水稻秸秆为原料进行蒸汽爆破-酯化改性制备溢油吸附材料。未改性水稻秸秆有一定的吸油能力,其饱和吸油倍率、吸水倍率分别为5.66 g·g-1,7.59 g·g-1。通过对水稻秸秆进行蒸汽爆破-酯化改性后,发现其亲油疏水性能得到显著改善。对酯化反应的影响因素进行系统考察,得到优化的改性条件为反应温度为80℃,催化剂对甲基苯磺酸酐浓度为0.75%,反应时间为6 h。改性后水稻秸秆吸油倍率为8.54 g·g-1,吸水倍率为0.10 g·g-1。对蒸汽爆破-酯化改性前后水稻秸秆材料进行BET、XRD以及FT-IR表征,发现爆破处理后材料的孔径增大;非结晶态以及乙酰基特征峰的出现说明水稻秸秆发生酯化改性反应。 相似文献
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利用秸秆类原料生产生化组合产品、生物质能源等已形成世界性可持续发展战略。选择合适的预处理方法是提高秸秆综合利用水平的关键。本研究先采用新近发展的蒸汽爆破技术对玉米秸秆进行组分结合相分离,再用氯化锌溶液对汽爆后的物料进行纤维素结晶相破环的预处理方法,运用单因素实验和响应面法获取处理过程中的多因素组合的优化,包括氯化锌质量分数、预处理时间、预处理温度对玉米秸秆纤维素预处理效果的影响,建立并分析了各因素与处理后玉米秸秆纤维素溶解度的数学模型,处理后的物料经X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表明纤维素致密结构被破坏。最佳溶解度条件为:氯化锌质量分数87%、预处理温度139℃、预处理时间49min。在最优处理条件下,处理后的1g玉米秸秆纤维素溶解度最高为0.762g。 相似文献
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以蒸汽爆破的方式对秸秆进行活化,将活化秸秆与聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)复合,制得全降解PPC/汽爆秸秆。盛夏烈日下,将PPC/汽爆秸秆复合材料与模拟穿越赤道条件(80℃加热3d)处理过的PPC/汽爆秸秆复合材料,按结皮向外和断面向外迎向阳光的2种放置方式进行全天暴晒,4种样品均未变形,说明PPC/汽爆秸秆复合材料的高温暴晒尺寸稳定性已初步达到日常生活和穿越赤道使用要求,其原因与多孔、晶区引入有关,也与蒸汽爆破提高了秸秆反应活性、使秸秆与PPC之间产生有效化学键键合、使得PPC分子结构被重建有关。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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塔设备改造选型的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后,着重介绍一种新型塔板(导向梯形浮阀塔板)和一种新型填料(波环填料——乾隆帕克)。 相似文献