中小型多功能体育馆建筑声学设计探索——以浙江大学紫金港校区多功能体育馆为例

该文以浙江大学一个体育馆的建筑声学设计为例,探讨多功能体育馆的声学设计目标以及如何通过吸声材料的用法和构造控制中小型体育馆的混响时间,抑制噪声。具体措施包括空间吸声体的布置方法、声学性能测试与对比;墙面吸声的重点提示以及如何抑制噪声;最后运用电脑软件模拟此设计在会议与比赛两个不同声场环境中的具体效果。从而总结出中小型多功能体育馆吸声结构设计的原则,达成理想的声学环境。     

基于有限元的室内声衰减研究

混响室内声场的分布和衰减是室内声学中一个非常重要的部分,而且混响室内声场分布和衰减目前还存在诸多的问题有待解决。比如,在复杂边界条件下室内声衰减的求解问题。本文采用有限元方法对室内声场进行了分析,联合使用有限元(Ansys和Sysnoise)和科学计算(Matlab)软件,分析室内声场衰减,并和解析法求解进行了验证比较。另外本文还给出了一个用有限元法对复杂边界条件下的室内声衰减进行求解的例子。     

Raumakustische Gestaltung von Umgebungen zum Darbieten,Aufnehmen und Wiedergeben von Sprache und Musik

Room-acoustic design in enclosures for the presentation production, recording and reproduction of speech and music. A concept for the acoustic design of enclosures for demanding musical and verbal performances is presented. It takes care considerable reduction of the mean sound pressure levels in the room, an extension of the dynamic range achievable and an enhancement of the expressiveness of all actors with no additional strain required. The often very strenuous work of musicians, singers and agents in orchestras, choirs and service centres may thus be eased and their inadmissibly exposed ears protected. Improving the environmental working conditions raises the comfort and motivation of the users and yields higher quality of the ergonomic results, improved productivity, slower fatigue and fewer disease cases. Those acting with electro acoustic means also find better conditions in such well-conditioned rooms. They no longer need to compensate for the deficiencies of an enclosure by a multitude of microphones and loudspeakers, respectively. Even the acoustically passive listeners and consumers of live performances and sound recordings may benefit from better acoustics indirectly of that in the recording and directly of that in their listening rooms. For this achievement no new room acoustic criteria or special constructional provisions are required: The key for a substantial upgrading of the room acoustic conditions lies, above all, in a reverberation time spectrum which is not or but slightly raised towards the low frequencies. In this approach towards acoustics which encompass the whole human audio range in environments for intense communicative uses high-performance broadband sound absorbers have proven useful which easily fit into contemporary furbishing concepts. All other room acoustic parameters which are traditionally measured and judged preferably at medium and high frequencies, of course, retain their relevance and can explain why, here and there, great concert halls may be celebrated for their extraordinary “acoustics” by the audience as well as by the actors although their reverberation increases at the low frequencies. The author is convinced that (so far unusual) damping of the bass regime improves the sound transmission between different sources and to the receivers – a hypothesis which is based on practical experience and cannot be refuted by the conventional measurements and assessments at the higher frequencies only.     

教室声学设计分析

对两种不同类型教室的房间比例、混响时间、频率响应、本底噪声等建声参量分别进行了实际测量和计算.利用有限元模型模拟的方法给出了部分声场分析.比较了两教室设计中出现的问题并进行了讨论进而明确了教室声学设计的基本要素,为教学用房的建筑设计提供了较为合理的参考.     

Measurements and predictions of room acoustics in atria

This study compares the acoustical measurements and simulation results of five atria with different designs. In each, atrium reverberation times and sound distribution patterns were obtained via measurements. Independently, we modelled these spaces using a room acoustics simulation application. The comparison of measurements and simulation results support the formulation of recommendations toward a more reliable use of modelling tools for proper acoustical design and analysis of atria.     

广州白云国际会议中心世纪大会堂声学设计综述

对广州白云国际会议中心D幢2600座世纪大会堂的建筑声学设计做了相关的综述,着重介绍了大会堂观众厅的形体调整、室内声学设计、建筑机电设备的噪声与振动控制等内容。室内声学设计过程中,利用室内声学计算机模拟分析这一辅助设计工具,对大会堂观众厅的声场特性及其对应各项音质的物理参量进行了模拟分析计算,对声学初步设计所提出的音质设计方案进行了论证,为厅内的室内声学设计提供了优化和调整的依据。文中对完工后的声学测试结果和使用后的主观音质效果也进行了阐述。     

Acoustic evaluation of the cathedral of Seville as a concert hall and proposals for improving the acoustic quality perceived by listeners

The acoustic evaluation of the cathedral of Seville as a concert hall is carried out through the simulation of acoustic models derived from the modification of the model of the current state and calibrated using the results of in situ measurement. These models reproduce the configurations adopted for major music concerts held there regularly. The results obtained led to the proposal of a new layout plan for an audience of 1500 people and other corrective measures in keeping with the history of the cathedral and compatible with its heritage value, improving subjectively perceived sound. This is assessed in terms of subjective reverberation, evaluated through early decay time, the perceived sound level and the uniformity of the sound field (measured with sound strength parameter), perceived clarity (assessed through clarity and central time parameters), and the spatial sensation (assessed through early lateral energy fraction).     

音乐厅兼做电影院——以江西宜春梵贝音乐厅建筑声学设计为例

音乐厅和电影院是两种对建筑声学有不同要求的公共文化空间,音乐厅为自然声的演出空间需要较长的混响时间来满足音乐的丰满度,而电影院是通过电声系统还原影片录音效果的空间,要求较短的混响时间以提高语言清晰度。因此通过建筑声学设计将音乐厅和电影院的功能结合起来实现一厅多用可满足多种形式的演出要求,对降低公共文化事业的建设投资、提高文化建筑的利用率和倡导节约型社会将起到积极的作用。该文以梵贝音乐厅建筑声学设计为例,采用电动可调混响技术完美地将音乐厅和电影院的功能融为一体,并结合计算机仿真验证其音质效果,为传统音乐厅设计提供有价值的参考。     

谈娱乐空间（KTV）声学设计分析与发展

阐述了KTV的起源与发展,并从房间的混响、声音的扩散、房间的隔音、包间的家具和装饰等多个方面对KTV室内声学设计的方法进行了探讨以提高KTV室内声学设计水平,从而创造好的声场环境,使好的音响设备发出,美妙动人的音乐。     

绿色建筑评价中楼板撞击声隔声指标探讨

绿色建筑评价中对楼板撞击声隔声的要求引用《民用建筑隔声设计规范》,单值评价量有实验室测量的计权规范化撞击声压级Ln,w和现场测量的计权标准化撞击声压级L'nT,w。对撞击声隔声评价指标Ln,w、L'n,w、L'nT,w进行理论分析,并结合现场测量和实验室测量对分析结果进行验证。结果表明：当建筑楼板的撞击声隔声性能较差时,侧向传声对测量结果影响较小,现场测量指标L'n,w与实验室测量指标Ln,w相差不大;L'nT与L'n在接收室体积V=31m3时相等,当接收室体积V＞31m3时,L'nT会小于L'n,因此L'nT,w会低于L'n,w和实验室测量值Ln,w,接收室体积越大偏差越大,按照当前住宅户型的发展趋势,客厅体积一般在60~130m3,采用L'nT,w进行撞击声隔声评价会导致其数值低于实验室测量指标Ln,w,约为3~6dB;采用现场测量指标L'nT,w进行撞击声隔声评价会受到接收房间体积的影响,因此建议在现场绿色建筑楼板撞击声隔声性能评价时同时参考L'n,w的测量结果。     

小型录音室声学设计

主要介绍了小型录音室的音质要求及声学设计方法,根据小空间中声场特点着重对混响时间的频率特性及声扩散等声学要求进行了设计,为满足录音对信噪比的要求,设计中采用了综合降噪措施,降低室内背景噪声,通过验收测试数据及使用人员评价,说明各项声学指标满足声学要求及使用要求。     

小型音乐厅建筑声学设计探析

本文针对小型音乐厅的建筑声学设计的重要性,重点围绕混响时间设计、体形设计、吸声材料的设计、噪声控制设计等几个方面,对小型音乐厅建筑声学设计进行了详细分析,以期对提升小型音乐厅的声学设计质量有所借鉴。     

Virtual reality for architectural acoustics

Over the last decades, powerful prediction models have been developed in architectural acoustics, which are used for the calculation of sound propagation in indoor and/or outdoor scenarios. Sound insulation is predicted rather precisely by using direct and flanking transmission models of sound and vibration propagation. These prediction tools are already in use in architectural design and consulting. For the extension towards virtual reality (VR) systems, it is required to accelerate the prediction and simulation tools significantly and to allow an adaptive and interactive data processing during the simulation and 3D audio stimulus presentation. This article gives an overview on the current state-of-the-art of acoustic VR and discusses all relevant components in terms of accuracy, implementation and computational effort. With the progress in processing power, it is already possible to apply such VR concepts for architectural acoustics and to start perceptual studies in integrated architectural design processes.     

声学扩散体及界面声散射研究进展

本文介绍了声学扩散体的设计发展历程、典型扩散体的形式及其散射性能的影响因素以及界面声散射的定量测试及其对室内音质的影响的研究进展,并提出在声散射研究方面仍有待解决的问题。     

应用时域有限差分法计算房间脉冲响应和声场参数

在室内声学时域有限差分(FDTD)计算模型中,将房间的复阻抗边界用数字阻抗滤波器描述,并给出了门、窗和墙壁的数字滤波器复阻抗模型,应用该模型计算房间脉冲响应和声场参数。对一真实房间,将FDTD模拟计算得到的房间脉冲响应和声学参数与实际测量结果相比较,验证了在室内声学FDTD计算中,采用数字滤波器近似的复阻抗边界模型能较好地模拟房间中的声场。     

Measurement and simulation of room acoustics parameters in traditional and modern bath buildings

This paper presents the results of a number of case studies concerning measurement and simulation of room acoustical parameters in both historical and contemporary instances of bath spaces. Historical instances of such spaces are, in our study, traditional hammam (bath) buildings in Mediterranean and north-African countries (Algeria, Morocco, Syria). Modern instances include a modern hammam, a spa, and an indoor swimming pool in central Europe (Austria). The analysis is based on data obtained from measurements and simulations of pertinent indicators of room acoustic quality in such spaces. The results of the analysis permit the identification of certain salient features of room acoustics in highly humid spaces and corresponding technical challenges (e.g., excessive reverberation and high noise exposure). Moreover, the results allow for the statistically grounded estimation of uncertainties in simulation of room acoustics in architectural spaces.     

Simulation of acoustical parameters in rectangular churches

Computer simulations to predict acoustical parameters have been attracting renewed interest in recent years. This paper reports the results of computer simulations of the acoustics of box-shaped churches. Twenty-five buildings have been considered by varying the dimensional ratios between length, width and height. The study focuses on the values assumed by three acoustical parameters, the clarity, the early lateral energy fraction and the centre time, in each of the simulated buildings. The parameters of analysis allowed to evaluate the dependence between the shape of the building and its acoustics. Moreover, in each church, simulations were realized by moving the sound source in five different positions in order to investigate how the acoustics changes. Considering the trade-off among dimensional ratios of the room, volume and source position, formulae which predict acoustical parameters in box-shaped churches are presented. A first validation of these formulae has been made using measured acoustical parameters in five Italian churches.     

沈阳故宫院落声场的测试及分析

针对目前学界对中国传统建筑院落声场特征研究不足的情况,选择沈阳故宫博物院的三个室外院落声场作为研究对象,首先在所选院落内放置12面体作为连续声源,对其相邻各进院落的声压级进行测量,目的是分析故宫院落内声环境的私密程度,然后采用声音切断法对故宫院落的重要声学指标混响时间T10进行系统测试。研究成果将有利于了解古代宫殿院落的声场特征,并为后续的研究奠定扎实的基础。     

Acoustics of long underground spaces

Acoustic problems occur extensively in long underground spaces, for example, speech intelligibility problems in underground stations and noise pollution inroad tunnels. Classical room acoustic theories cannot be used f or long spaces since the assumption of a diffuse field is not satisfied when one dimension of a space is much greater than the other two. To demonstrate the special properties of sound behaviour in long spaces and to provide guidelines for practical design, this paper outlines the results of Ph.D. research on acoustics of long spaces. In the research: (1) The basic characteristics of sound distribution and reverberation in long spaces have been theoretically studied; (2) The effectiveness of strategic architectural acoustic treatments in long spaces, especially for improving the intelligibility of multiple loudspeaker public address systems in underground stations, has been systematically tested in two 1:16 scale models; (3) The speech intelligibility in long spaces, particularly the differences in speech intelligibility among different languages, has been investigated by carrying out a series of articulation tests; and (4) Based on the above results, a model for predicting acoustic indices in long spaces has been developed.     

A parametric investigation of the acoustical performance of contemporary mosques

Acoustics is an important factor in mosque prayer halls that had not been given extensive concern during the architectural design stages. Eventually, the importance of speech intellig- ibility became more important, given the integration of other activities into the prayer halls, such as the holy Quran recitation, speeches, and lectures. Early attempts have been made to control the propagation of sound and to maintain good acoustic quality within the prayer spaces. Architects during the conceptual design stage had barely paid attention to the design issues that affect the acoustic environment inside the prayer zones, which is either due to lack of time during the project development or, in most cases, a lack of simple design guidelines to overcome any drastic acoustical defects arising from the incorrect design, shape, or material selection. The basic guidelines for designers to select the appropriate shape, geometry, size, and finishing materials are an essential design tool. This work examines the three common design topologies of mosques, which differ in size, shape, and finishing materials. In this study, a geometric and material parametric analysis was conducted based on the shape, surface area, volume, and finishing materials of each of the three designs. For the geometric acoustics, a computer model employing the ray tracing theory was employed to investigate the three configurations. Different acoustic treatments were tested relative to the geometric disposition of each design. Finally, basic recommendations and design guidelines were presented.