食品接触材料及制品用油墨安全性管理模式研究

目的研究世界各国食品接触材料及制品用油墨的相关法律法规、指令及指南文件,为我国食品接触材料及制品用油墨产品标准的建立及油墨安全性管理模式的完善提供建议。方法收集世界各国相关法律法规、指令及指南文件,梳理、对比各种管理模式在应用范围、管理方法等方面的异同,研究其中可为我国油墨安全性管理所借鉴和参考的内容。结果总结出欧盟和德国、美国、日本等世界主要发达国家和地区油墨安全性管理模式及管理经验。结论建议我国应结合行业现状,针对不同种类油墨的安全性风险,适当参考其他国家管理经验,尽快建立食品接触材料及制品用油墨产品安全标准,同时鼓励行业协会积极参与油墨的安全性管理。     

基于印刷技术制备柔性微型电容器的研究进展

柔性微型超级电容器作为一种新兴的储能器件,具有充放电速度快、功率密度大、循环寿命长等优点,在可穿戴电子设备领域中具有良好的应用前景。为实现柔性显示器、晶体管、射频识别装置及可穿戴设备等柔性电子产品的协同发展,针对微型超级电容器中存在的关键问题,阐述了制备微型超级电容器的凹版印刷法和丝网印刷方法,认为丝网印刷法工艺简单、耗时短、可集成、易实现工业化生产,该技术制备的叉指结构可在有限平面内实现离子转移;针对导电油墨的核心印刷技术,分析了无机系、有机系及复合型导电油墨研究近况,总结了复合型导电油墨制备的微型超级电容器电容特性,对其应用前景进行展望。     

Analysis of food packaging UV inks for chemicals with potential to migrate into food simulants

Ultraviolet (UV) inks are an alternative formulation system to the more usual paste or liquid inks (oils or solvents based) that dry mainly by evaporation or penetration into the printed substrate. Based on acrylic acid chemistry, UV inks dry (the exact term is 'curing') by the chemical process of photopolymerization. Their composition (acrylate monomers and oligomers together with photo-initiators) exposed to UV emission lamps on the printing press units enable the transformation of the freshly printed ink layer into a tack-free film. For UV inks intended for primary food packaging, special care has to be paid to potential migrating species like small photo-initiator molecules and acrylate monomers not cross-linked in the formed network. The paper presents chromatographic methods to ascertain the level of ink ingredients potentially available to migrate into food simulants (migration tests). GC/MS was employed to quantify the levels of photo-initiators or acrylic esters (acrylates).     

Migration from printing inks in multilayer food packaging materials by GC-MS analysis and pattern recognition with chemometrics

Inks and varnishes used in food packaging multilayer materials can contain different substances that are potential migrants when packaging is in contact with food. Although printing inks are applied on the external layer, they can migrate due to set-off phenomena. In order to assess food safety, migration tests were performed from two materials sets: set A based on paper and set B based on PET; both contained inks. Migration was performed to four food simulants (EtOH 50%, isooctane, EtOH 95% and Tenax^®) and the volatile compounds profile was analysed by GC-MS. The effect of presence/absence of inks and varnishes and also their position in the material was studied. A total of 149 volatile compounds were found in migration from set A and 156 from set B materials, some of them came from inks. Quantitative analysis and a principal component analysis were performed in order to identify patterns among sample groups.     

Printing on Food or Food Printing: a Review

The processes of printing foodstuffs or imaging on an unconventional surface deserve extra attention in comparison with conventional techniques especially in relation with the substrate interested that will or should say a lot about the concept behind the design. Indeed, while printing on food, designers are required to consider carefully both, the appropriate edible inks and the production processes. Moreover, printing on food packaging requires almost as much care. However, the concept of food printing represents nowadays a new frontier in food processing and industry to realize new food products of complex shapes and colour and with particular mixtures. At the moment, many current research projects and products related to food printing are being developed. In 2011, a European Cooperation in Science and Technology action named “New possibilities for print media and packaging, combining print with digital” was created with the aim to promote an interdisciplinary interaction among European research partner with several different research backgrounds. Among the aims of the project, a crucial aspect regards the combination of food expertise with printing using new technologies in order to print on food or food printing. In light of this scenario, image processing and machine control occupy a very important part of the research: a number of programs were written or modified as part of the research into food printing. This review aims to produce an updated analysis on the current developments regarding the technology for food printing and printing on food. In this sense, the work starts giving an overview of the 2D and three-dimensional (3D) printer technology and moves on the food media, edible substrate used by 3D printers and a print of food chapter, related to the substrates used by the 2D printers.     

European survey of contamination of homogenized baby food by epoxidized soybean oil migration from plasticized PVC gaskets

The results are reported of a European survey of the contamination of baby food with epoxidized soyabean oil (ESBO). Fat from the sample was extracted, transmethylated and derivatized for analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Analysis was carried out of 248 samples of various types of foodstuffs from the 15 European Union Member States as well as Switzerland. ESBO was found in 95 of 248 samples analysed at levels from 1.5 to 135.2 mg kg^-1. The highest concentrations were found in main dish mixed foods such as vegetables and meat or carbohydrate- and vegetable-based mixes. Levels exceeded 30 mg kg^-1 in 15% of the samples, and 4% exceeded the overall migration limit fixed for plastics in the European Union of 60 mg kg^-1. This level of contamination is significant, confirming results from previous surveys and indicating a risk for the tolerable daily intake to be exceeded. These results suggest that an emphasis must be placed for more systematic research with a focus on the parameters for migration.     

气溶胶喷印在精细电子印刷中的应用

三维模塑互连器件（3D—MID）技术是指在注塑成型的塑料壳体的表面上,制作具有电气功能的三维立体电路及互联器件的技术。激光直接成型（LDS）技术是制造3D—MID的一种新型、经济的工艺技术。采用LDS技术制造3D—MID的工艺流程主要分为三步：①注塑成型,采用可激光活化的改性塑料为原料,用普通的注塑成型技术注射出塑料本体;②激光活化,采用聚焦激光束照射到塑料表面需要制作导电图形的部位,活化、粗糙图形部位的表面;③金属镀覆,用化学方法将导电金属沉积到被激光活化的图形表面,从而实现在三维塑料上制造导电图形,形成互连器件。     

旧报纸脱墨的研究进展

介绍了新闻纸的主要印刷方式、不同印刷方式所用油墨的组成及其脱墨性能。针对目前回收废纸中柔版印刷(水基油墨)废纸比例的增大对旧报纸(ONP)脱墨带来的影响,重点介绍了水基油墨印刷废纸的脱墨化学品研究、脱墨工艺、脱墨废水的处理技术以及脱墨效果评价方法,对旧报纸的脱墨过程提出了一些建议。     

喷墨打印墨水组分的性能研究

随着喷墨打印技术的不断发展，喷墨打印墨水种类越来越多。介绍了喷墨墨水的性能要求，并对喷墨墨水的各组分性能进行了分析。     

国内外食品中铅限量标准现状与趋势研究

目的探讨我国食品中铅限量标准与国际接轨的程度,为我国食品中污染物限量标准完善提供参考。方法从标准涉及的食品类别和限量值两个方面来对比我国铅限量标准与国际食品法典委员会、欧盟、澳新制定的铅限量标准的异同。结果考虑到国际风险评估结果,我国基本对铅膳食暴露有贡献的食品都设置了限量值要求,因此我国标准涉及的食品种类要多于国际食品法典委员会、欧盟及澳新标准。但仍有个别食品的限量值较国际标准或其他国家标准宽松。结论建议加强对铅污染源头的治理,开展全国食品中铅污染情况的调研工作,为我国标准逐步完善打基础。     

Rapid multi-analyte quantification of benzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone and related derivatives from paperboard food packaging

Photo-initiators are used in printing inks hardened with UV light and one of the most commonly used photo-initiators is benzophenone (BP). Recent notifications under the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed have shown migration of 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP) from packaging into cereals. A specific migration limit exists for BP of 0.6 mg kg^?1 for its use as an additive in plastics. There is no specific European legislation covering cardboard boxes and/or printing inks for food contact use. However, due to the high levels detected, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published recommendations and the Standing Committee for the Food Chain and Animal Health endorsed a limit of 0.6 mg kg^?1 for the sum of BP and 4-MBP. While studies have been published on photo-initiators in the past, there is a fundamental lack of data on 4-MBP especially for its combined analysis with others. We present an HPLC method with diode array detector to simultaneously determine the levels of BP, 4-MBP as well as 7 other possible derivatives from secondary packaging for food applications. The method was tested and applied to 46 samples of paperboard for secondary packaging collected both from supermarkets and directly from a paperboard supplier. In addition, a survey was conducted on recycled paperboard (n = 19) collected from a supplier, to evaluate the background quantity of BP and other derivatives in recycled board. The most abundant photo-initiator found in the survey was BP, in 61% of samples, and 4-MBP was found in 30% of the samples. It seems that these compounds are used to replace one another. Other derivatives were found in minor quantities. Traces of BP were also found in 42% of the samples of recycled, unprinted board.     

玻璃制品的装饰方法

介绍了玻璃制品常用的装饰工艺,网印工艺是目前玻璃制品装饰的主要方法。重点介绍了烧烤型玻璃彩色釉料和烘干型玻璃油墨的网印方法。具体说明了两种油墨的组成、配制、特点及网印工艺参数,并对网印质量问题进行了分析。     

温敏磁性防伪油墨研究

为提高磁性油墨的防伪功能,在探讨磁性油墨防伪机理的基础上,简述了选择较低"居里温度"的磁性材料研发防伪油墨的过程.该油墨的主要特点是在一定预设温度范围内,方可测定油墨印记的磁性存在,超过该设定温度范围,油墨印记磁性消失.使用温敏磁性油墨可增加产品标识的防伪力度.     

Food legislation and its harmonization in Russia

Bringing Russian legislation into compliance with international norms and standards is necessary after its accession to the World Trade Organization. Harmonization of food legislation and of sanitary and phytosanitary measures are among the problems that had to be solved first. Many Russian food and trade regulations had been changed or are still in the process of being reformed, largely owing to a policy of integration pursued by the Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. However, as a member of the Eurasian Economic Community, Russia is also engaged not only in harmonization throughout the Customs Union but also Kirgizstan and Tajikistan, and Armenia, Moldova and Ukraine as observer countries. Russia also continues to coordinate policy reforms closely with the European Union, its primary trade partner, ultimately bringing Russian food and sanitary norms closer to international standards (e.g. Codex). Today, all participants in the Russian food production chain, processing and sale of foods have to deal with growing numbers of security standards. Many organizations are certified under several schemes, which leads to unnecessary costs. Harmonization of standards has helped promote solutions in the domestic market as well as import–export of foods and raw materials for production. Priorities have included food safety for human health, consumer protection, removal of hazardous and/or adulterated products and increased competition within the domestic food market as well as mutual recognition of certification in bilateral and multilateral (inter)national agreements. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

彩色印刷正比特性与叠加特性缺失问题探讨

彩色印刷复制系统的色域范围受多种因素影响和限制,正比特性缺失及叠加特性缺失就是其中两个重要因素.正比特性缺失是指网目图像的反射特性与其对应的实地墨层的反射特性不成比例的状况;叠加特性缺失是指两色或多色叠印的密度与相应单色的密度之和不相等的现象.造成两种缺失的原因有印刷系统承印物/油墨组合的光学因素和物理因素,如承印物表面的反射、印刷区域多次的内部反射、网点的结构、油墨的非正常吸收特性以及墨层叠印不良等.这两种缺失特性问题可通过选择正确的复制工艺、承印物及采用适当的加网,或者通过补色或专色油墨、亮光油的印刷以及改变色序等措施来克服.     

羊绒织物数码喷墨印花

介绍用于羊绒织物数码喷墨印花用的酸性墨水和活性墨水，以及织物印花前处理工艺、蒸化和喷印工艺的相关参数。羊绒织物数码印花采用色卡调色法和HLS色彩系统，印花色牢度优良。     

Drawing the scientific landscape of 3D Food Printing. Maps and interpretation of the global information in the first 13 years of detailed experiments,from 2007 to 2020

3D Food Printing is a hot field of research in which many efforts are concentrating to unleash its potential for renewal. To facilitate this process, we have drawn the global scientific landscape in these first 13 years of experiments by using bibliometric and data visualization approaches. We find a total of 170 documents between 2007 and 2020. China and Australia are the most productive countries followed by Italy. On a total of 582 co-authors, not more than 10 researchers are collaborating out of their research group/institution. This is a weakness that urges sharing information and experiences. Also, the networks of the keywords have shown some hidden opportunities. The interrelationship between digital design, microstructure and personalized food need to be reinforced to create unprecedented sensory perceptions and alleviate the mastication and swallowing problems of vulnerable consumers. Also, there is a shortage of papers on the printing of protein-rich inks.Industrial relevanceThe paper critically analyzes the global production of scientific experiments in 3D food printing. The results discovered that the level of collaborative researches is weak while the involvement of the industrial sector, being a crucial process to unleash the great ambitions of personalized food manufacturing, is urgent. What emerged is the need to study parallel deposition methodologies such as selective laser sintering (SLS) or hot-air sintering (HAS) that would open for fast printing and the use of highly stable food powders. Other opportunities to make feasible the application of 3DFP could be the use of protein-rich food inks and to make closer the topics of digital design and personalized consumers requirements.     

Adulteration of Dietary Supplements by the Illegal Addition of Synthetic Drugs: A Review

In the last few years, the consumption of dietary supplements, especially those having plants as ingredients, has been increasing due to the common idea that they are natural products posing no risks to human health. In the European Union and the United States, dietary supplements are legally considered as foods/special category of foods, thus are not being submitted to any safety assessment prior to their commercialization. Among the issues that can affect safety, adulteration by the illegal addition of pharmaceutical substances or their analogs is of major concern since unscrupulous producers can falsify these products to provide for quick effects and to increase sales. This review discusses the various classes of synthetic drugs most frequently described as being illegally added to dietary supplements marketed for weight loss, muscle building/sport performance and sexual performance enhancement. Information regarding regulation and consumption is also presented. Finally, several conventional and advanced analytical techniques used to detect and identify different adulterants in dietary supplements and therefore also in foods, with particular emphasis on plant food supplements, are critically described. This review demonstrates that dietary supplement adulteration is an emerging food safety problem and that an effective control by food regulatory authorities is needed to safeguard consumers.     

Printing newspaper free of mineral oil: report on a test run

The Swiss retailer Coop printed part of his weekly newspaper with inks formulated without mineral oil. The experiment explored this approach to reduce the migration of mineral oil into food when newspaper is recycled to paperboard for food packaging. The mineral oil was replaced by plant oils as well as poly alpha olefins (PAO) with the lowest mass above the n-alkane C₂₄, i.e. of a volatility low enough to prevent transfer through the gas phase into food. With this composition, no major adjustments of the printing machine were necessary. The printing quality was judged excellent by the International Newspaper Color Quality Club (INCQC). As the carryover in the installations was known to be a serious problem, 30 t of inks were used, initially printing daily newspapers and other printed material. Measurement of the residual mineral oil in the inks as delivered to the printing plant and monitored at the top of a printing tower confirmed that no rapid exchange of inks is possible.     

低黏度油墨和橡皮布对无水胶印印刷导电层的影响研究

近年来,随着全球市场对电子器件需求量的不断增长,许多科研院所及部分企业都在尝试利用传统印刷(柔印、凹印、网印等)和数码印刷(喷墨印刷等)技术来制作电子器件。为了实现电子器件的高沉积精度,对印刷技术提出了以下几点要求:线条无缺陷,有锐边且分辨率高;图层无针孔,均匀且表面光滑;墨层厚度较薄。