液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定饲料中6种代表性霉菌毒素

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquidchromatography-tandemmassspectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同时检测4种代表性饲料(猪、鸡配合饲料、玉米和麸皮)中黄曲霉毒素B1(alatoxinB1,AFB1)、呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol, DON)、T-2毒素(T-2 toxin, T-2)、赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)、伏马毒素B1(fumonisin B1, FB1)6种霉菌毒素的方法。方法样品经乙腈-水-甲酸(80:19:1, V:V:V)震荡和超声提取,取上清液经由七水硫酸镁和C18组成的混合型吸附剂-稀释净化,采用HR-ODS色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸-水和5mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用ESI正负模式转换多反应监测模式测量,基质匹配标准曲线外标法进行定量。结果在高、中、低3种添加浓度水平下, 6种霉菌毒素的平均回收率为83%～113%,相对标准偏差为3.1%～18%。结论该方法灵敏度高、精密度好、经济、环保,适用于饲料中6种代表性霉菌毒素的测定。     

Simultaneous determination of neonicotinoid insecticides in sunflower-treated seeds (hull and kernel) by LC-MS/MS

A validated analytical method to determine seven neonicotinoids (dinotefuran, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiacloprid) in sunflower seeds (hull and kernel) using HPLC coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is presented. Sample clean-up based on a solid–liquid extraction, and the removal of lipid fraction, in the case of kernels, is proposed and optimised. Low limits of detection and quantification were obtained, ranging from 0.3 × 10^–3 to 1.2 × 10^–3 µg g^–1 and from 1.0 × 10^–3 to 4.0 × 10^–3 µg g^–1, with good precision, and recovery values ranged from 90% to 104% for hulls and kernels. The method was applied for the analysis of five thiamethoxam-dressed sunflower seeds and four non-treated seeds, where, besides thiamethoxam, residues of the other neonicotinoid, clothianidin, were also detected and confirmed via tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Finally, the presence of residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in collected sunflower seeds (hulls) coming from coated seeds confirmed the translocation of these neonicotinoids through the plant up to these seeds.     

高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定桃仁中 10种真菌毒素

目的 建立了桃仁中黄曲霉毒素G2、G1、B2、B1、赭曲霉毒素A、呕吐毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马毒素B1、B2及T-2毒素10种真菌毒素的液相色谱－串联质谱测定法。方法 样品经70%甲醇溶液超声提取,用水稀释后经HLB柱净化,经C18色谱柱分离,以电喷雾离子源在正负离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下测定,外标法定量。结果 10种真菌毒素的线性关系良好,γ＞0.995。回收率在60％～100％之间。结论该法快速简便,准确,可用于中药材中真菌毒素的多成分残留测定。     

高效液相色谱一串联质谱法测定鱼肉中8种喹诺酮类药物的残留量

目的建立鱼肉中恩诺沙星、丹诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、培氟沙星、沙拉沙星、双氟沙星、氧氟沙星等8种喹诺酮类药物残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法以氘代试剂为内标,样品经酸性乙腈提取后,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用LC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式测定。结果 8种喹诺酮的水平为1.0μg/kg和3.0μg/kg时回收率为88.4%～114.9%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.03～0.1μg/kg。结论该方法简便快捷,精密度好,准确度高,可满足鱼肉中多种喹诺酮类药物残留的定性、定量检测要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定保健品中 L-羟脯氨酸含量

目的 通过优化保健品中L-羟脯氨酸的测定条件,建立保健品中L-羟脯氨酸的液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）定量检测的分析方法。方法 采用酸水解的方法处理L-羟脯氨酸,色谱柱（EC-C18, 4.6 mm×50 mm, 2.7 μm,安捷伦）,流动相为水相和乙腈按一定的梯度进行洗脱,流速0.5 mL/min,采用LC-MS/MS在正离子模式下检测,外标法定量。结果LC-MS/MS法在0.00284 mg/mL~0.0284 mg/mL范围内,L-羟脯氨酸的浓度和峰面积的线性良好,相关系数R2＞0.99,方法的检出限和定量限分别为1.42 μg/g和4.7 μg/g,放置24h内L-羟脯氨酸的稳定性良好,在不同添加水平下,方法的回收率范围为95.0%~98.8%,相对标准偏差为1.7%（n=9)。结论 高效液相色谱-串联质谱法灵敏度高、准确、重现性好,适用于保健品中L-羟脯氨酸的含量测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法与离子色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐方法比较研究

目的 考察离子色谱-串联质谱法（ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,IC-MS/MS）和液相色谱-串联质谱法（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS）在测定不同食品中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的一致性。方法 利用乙腈/水（3:2, V:V）提取鸡蛋、奶粉和菠菜中的目标物,经石墨化炭黑（graphitized carbon black, GCB）小柱净化,以IonPacTM AS20离子色谱柱和CSHTM Fluoro-Phenyl液相色谱柱为分析柱,三重四极杆质谱仪检测,内标法定量。对两种方法测得的数据进行正态性检验和差异性分析。比较两种方法的保留时间漂移,考察色谱稳定性。对两种方法测得的浓度进行线性回归和B-AbBland -aAltman（B-A）图可视化考察方法一致性。结果 两种方法测得氯酸盐（高氯酸盐）的浓度在1~500（0.1~50.0） ?g/L范围内线性良好（r2＞0.999）。IC-MS/MS与LC-MS/MS测定高氯酸盐的定量限均为0.5 ?g/kg,氯酸盐的定量限分别为5.7 ?g/kg和4.2 ?g/kg。回收率范围分别为82.3%~107.4%和94.8%~109.4%,相对标准偏差分别为1.5%~13.6%和1.2%~9.6%。IC-MS/MS（LC-MS/MS）测得鸡蛋、奶粉、菠菜中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐的基质效应分别为12.1%（22.1%）、9.0%（27.4%）、-11.8%（-24.0%）和-16.8%（-18.5%）、-18.6%（-28.4%）、-20.2%（-21.1%）。线性回归法显示两种方法测定氯酸盐和高氯酸盐浓度的回归曲线斜率分别为1.0144和1.0908。B-A图显示绝大多数数据点位于平均值±1.96标准偏差范围。结论 两种方法的准确度和精密度均符合化学检验方法验证通则的要求,两种方法测得的氯酸盐、高氯酸盐浓度结果基本一致,但氯酸盐在LC-MS/MS系统中的保留时间稳定性更好,IC-MS/MS在测定食品中氯酸盐、高氯酸盐时的抗基质干扰能力更强。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆类中左旋多巴

文章建立一种豆类中左旋多巴的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品经0.3 mol/L乙酸水溶液超声提取,Agilent Proshell 120 SB-C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,2.7μm)色谱柱分离,以0.1%甲酸水-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM),内标法定量。结果表明,左旋多巴在0.1~5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9994,检出限为1.5 mg/kg,定量限为5.2 mg/kg,方法的平均加标回收率为96.9%~105.5%,日内精密度和日间精密度均小于4%,具有操作简单、灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好等特点,能够很好满足豆类中左旋多巴含量的检测需要。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定饮料中8种香豆素类化合物

目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定饮料中8种香豆素类化合物的分析方法。方法 考察不同实验条件对液体饮料和固体饮料中8种香豆素类化合物的提取效果。以乙腈作为提取溶剂, 经超声提取、冷冻离心分层, 采用C18色谱柱分离, 0.2%甲酸水和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱, 在正离子扫描模式下采用电喷雾电离多反应监测模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)进行测定, 基质曲线外标法定量。结果 8种目标物在1~200 μg/L质量浓度范围线性良好, 相关系数(r2)为0.9976~0.9999。对于液体饮料, 方法检出限(limits of detection, LODs)为0.2~4.0 μg/kg, 定量限(limits of quantitative, LOQs)为0.6~10.0 μg/kg; 对于固体饮料, 方法检出限为1.0~20.0 μg/kg, 定量限为3.0~50.0 μg/kg。采用该方法对39例市售饮料样品进行分析, 3例碳酸饮料样品中检出香豆素, 含量为27.9~35.8 μg/kg, 测定值均低于现行方法标准中香豆素类化合物 50.0 μg/kg的测定低限。结论 该方法灵敏度高、定量限低, 且操作简便、快捷, 可满足同时测定饮料中8种香豆素类化合物含量的检测要求。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中8种大环内酯类药物残留的不确定度评定

目的对液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)测定蜂蜜中8种大环内酯类药物残留的测量不确定度进行评定。方法根据JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对LC-MS/MS法测定蜂蜜中大环内酯类药物残留的测量不确定度进行评定,建立数学模型,确定不确定度的来源和大小,最终进行合成和扩展。结果本方法中测量不确定度的主要来源为校准曲线拟合、仪器的定量校准和回收率的精密度。当包含因子k=2时,螺旋霉素、替米考星、竹桃霉素、红霉素、泰乐菌素、吉他霉素、交沙霉素、罗红霉素的测定结果分别为:(9.02±0.81)、(9.26±0.63)、(9.79±0.68)、(9.47±0.59)、(9.75±0.82)、(9.16±0.70)、(9.59±0.60)、(9.84±0.68)μg/kg。结论本方法可为评定食品源中大环内酯类药物残留量的测定结果和方法的可靠性提供科学依据;在实际检测过程中,痕量残留分析要得到精确、可靠的测量结果,需要有良好的仪器维护、完善的样品前处理过程和实验人员的精准操作。     

Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato: an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Alternaria toxins and citrinin are mycotoxins produced by fungi growing on different raw materials and agricultural commodities. Maximum levels of these toxins in foods are currently under consideration by the European Commission as a risk management measure. In this study, a new quantitative method is described for the determination of five Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato and tomato juice samples based on LC-MS/MS detection. Samples were extracted with pure methanol, followed by a derivatisation step with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to improve the determination of tenuazonic acid and to decrease the wide polarity difference between the compounds of interest. Samples were purified on hydrophilic-modified styrene polymer solid-phase extraction cartridges. High-performance liquid chromatographic columns packed with different core–shell materials were tested for the separation of toxins and a C-18 phase was in the final method applied to achieve sufficient separation of all relevant analytes. A key element of this approach was to prove successful transferability of the method to three different triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. A full single laboratory method validation was performed on two LC-MS/MS systems and performance characteristics met the predefined requirements. Moreover, the method was used in an international proficiency test and the satisfactory z-scores obtained (?0.1 to 0.8 in tomato juice samples) demonstrated the reliability of the approach described. The method will be validated in an inter-laboratory collaborative study and if the criteria for method precision are met, the method will be proposed as a new Work Item to the European Committee for Standardisation.     

LC-MS/MS定量分析卷烟中的烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)

烟草特有亚硝胺(TSNAs)是所有烟草特有的成分。传统上采用气相色谱-热能分析仪(GC-TEA)测定卷烟烟丝和烟气中的TSNAs,该法的缺点是纯化步骤多,分析时间长。本法-即LC-MS/MS法采用0.1%AA(乙酸胺)水溶液直接对卷烟烟丝或收集主流烟气的剑桥滤片进行简单的超声萃取,萃取液与乙腈(含氘化的内标物)等体积混合,高速离心,上层清液用带有正离子电子喷雾装置的LC-MS/MS仪进行分析。本法性能稳定,分析的样品数量大,数据可靠,萃取效率及回收率高;仪器检测限比传统分析方法低得多;分析时间短(每个样仅3min左右)。本文给出了烟草中4种特有亚硝胺的LC-MS/MS法的液相操作条件、质谱分析测定参数,TSNAs的仪器最低检测限值、回收率、精密度、定量分析曲线等,还对国内外市场上销售的44种卷烟进行了定量分析测定。      

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测食用油脂中多环芳烃

建立了有机溶剂萃取、硅胶固相萃取柱净化、液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS法)测定食用油脂中EPA 16种多环芳烃的检测方法。EPA 16种多环芳烃的定量限分别为0.02~0.43μg/kg,回收率为86.5%~104.6%,日内精密度小于6%,日间精密度小于5%。在40个受测油脂样品中,EPA 16种多环芳烃的含量范围为11.68~146.06μg/kg。对照我国GB 2716规定,所有受测样品中苯并(a)芘含量均不超过≤10μg/kg的限量标准。然而,8个油样的苯并(a)芘含量超过了欧盟≤2μg/kg的限量标准,10个油样的PAH4含量超过了欧盟≤10μg/kg的限量标准。     

Analysis of glyphosate residues in cereals using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

A fast and specific method for the determination of glyphosate in cereals is described. The method is based on extraction with water by ultrasonication. The samples are cleaned up and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a polystyrene-based reverse-phase column (clean-up) in series with an ion chromatography column (separation) using NaHCO₃ as eluent. A micro-membrane suppressor was inserted after the separator column to remove the Na⁺ ions before detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative-ion mode. In MS/MS, mode the following transitions were monitored m/z 168 →150 (glyphosate) and 170 →152 (internal standard 2-¹³ C¹⁵N-glyphosate) for quantification. The mean recovery was 85% (n=32) at spiking levels from 0.03 to 0.33 mg kg^-1. From 1998 to 2001, from the analysis of about 50 samples per annum, a reduction in the glyphosate residues was observed owing to a Danish trade decision not to use grain with glyphosate residues for milling or bread production.     

LC-MS/MS method for the determination of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on a triple quadruple mass spectrometer

Tetrodotoxin (TTX), often referred to as the ‘puffer fish’ poison, is a marine toxin and it has been identified as the agent responsible for many food poisoning incidents around the world. It is a neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, resulting in respiratory paralysis and even death in severe cases. It is known to occur in many different species of fish and other organisms. The toxin is mainly found in the Southeast Asia region. Worryingly, TTX is starting to appear in European waters. It is suspected that this is a consequence of Lessepsian migration, also known as the Erythrean invasion. Therefore, straightforward and reliable extraction and analytical methods are now urgently required to monitor seafood of European origin for TTX. This paper provides a versatile, dependable and robust method for the analysis of TTX in puffer fish and trumpet shellfish using LC-MS/MS. A three-stage approach was implemented involving: (1) the screening of samples using fast multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectral analysis to identify quickly positive samples on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQMS/MS), the API 3000; (2) a Fourier-transform (FT)-MS full-scan analysis of positive samples to collect qualitative data; and (3) a method with a longer chromatography run to identify and quantitate the positive samples using the QqQMS. The quantitative LC-QqQMS method delivered excellent linearity for solvent-based standards (0.01–7.5 µg ml^–1; R² ≥ 0.9968) as well as for matrix-matched standards (0.05–37.50 µg g^–1; R² ≥ 0.9869). Good inter-day repeatability was achieved for all the relevant analytes with %RSD values (n = 9) ranging from 1.11% to 4.97% over a concentration range of 0.01–7.5 µg ml^–1. A sample clean-up procedure for the puffer fish and trumpet shellfish was developed to ensure acceptable and reproducible recoveries to enable accurate and precise determination of TTX in a myriad of tissues types. Blank mackerel matrix was used for the TTX standard spiking studies in order to calculate the recoveries of the toxin during the extraction procedure. The recovery was 61.17% ± 5.42% for the extraction protocol. MS/MS studies were performed on a linear-trap quadruple-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap) to obtain high-mass-accuracy data of the target analytes and their characteristic fragment ions in the puffer fish and trumpet shellfish samples. This facilitated identification of TTX and its associated analogues. These high-mass-accuracy studies facilitated the development of a rapid MRM-based quantitative method for TTX determination on the LC-QqQMS.     

液相色谱-串联质谱测定食醋中生物胺含量

为了检测食醋中生物胺,建立了液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）的检测方法,检测食醋中精胺、亚精胺、尸胺、腐胺、组胺、酪 胺、色胺7种生物胺。 结果表明,不同品牌的食醋生物胺总量差异较大,生物胺总量最高可达到229.98 mg/L,而最低为13.48 mg/L, 酪胺含量（0.96～84.83 mg/L）较高;组胺含量（0.80～9.08 mg/L）较低;不同食醋中精胺（3.01～9.44 mg/L）和尸胺（1.38～15.40 mg/L） 含量不同;样品中未检出色胺。 相关性分析结果显示,腐胺与尸胺、组胺与酪胺之间具有显著相关性（P＜0.01）。     

液相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定鸭蛋中氟苯尼考残留量不确定度评定

目的 对鸭蛋中氟苯尼考残留测定的不确定度进行评定,找出影响检测结果准确性的关键因素,从而提高检测结果准确性。方法 按照GB/T 22338-2008《动物源性食品中氯霉素类药物残留量测定》液相色谱-质谱/质谱法对鸭蛋中氟苯尼考残留量进行测定。依据CNAS-GL006:2018 《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》建立数学模型,对影响测量结果的不确定度来源如标准物质的纯度、标准物质的称量、标准曲线的配制、样品的称量、样品的制备、标准曲线的拟合、样品测量重复性等因素进行了分析和评定。结果 鸭蛋中氟苯尼考残留量为210 μg/kg,扩展不确定度为18 μg/kg,测定结果表示为：X=(210±18) μg/kg(k=2)。结论 样品测量重复性和标准曲线配制是本次测定测量不确定度的主要来源,在检测过程中应加以控制。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定梨中22种农药残留

目的建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定梨中苯酰菌胺、吡蚜酮、氟虫脲等22种农药残留的分析方法。方法样品经过高速匀浆后加入乙腈进行提取,采用ReproSil 100 C_(18)柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 5μm),流速为0.3mL/min,柱温为35℃进行分离,应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱正离子模式下的多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)扫描进行定性定量分析。结果在浓度测定范围0.010～0.20 mg/L内, 22种农药均成线性关系,相关系数(r~2)为0.9709～0.9998。在0.010、0.050、0.10 mg/kg 3个添加水平下, 22种化合物的回收率为71.4%～106.7%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～9.9%;检出限为0.90～4.6μg/kg,方法定量限3.0～15.4μg/kg。在实际梨样品检测到5种农药残留。结论此方法简便快速、准确度高,可用于梨样品中22种农药残留的测定。     

全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定 蜂蜜中3种农药残留

目的建立蜂蜜中多菌灵、甲基托布津和乙基托布津3种农药的全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法蜂蜜样品经磷酸盐缓冲液(pH=7.8)溶解,稀释,全自动固相萃取净化后,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定,内标法定量。结果 3种农药在2~100μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r~20.99),定量限为5μg/kg。在5.0、10.0、20.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下,3种农药的回收率为75.6%~97.1%,相对标准偏差小于13.2%。结论该方法简单、快速,准确度和精密度良好,可用于蜂蜜中多菌灵、甲基托布津和乙基托布津的同时测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱基质效应及其消除方法

综合近年来国内外进行液相色谱-串联质谱方法开发中关于基质效应的相关报道,重点介绍了液相色谱-串联质谱基质效应的消除方法,主要包括:选择合适的样品前处理方法;选择最佳的色谱分离条件;优化的质谱分析参数;使用恰当的内标;采用基质标准溶液校正。这些方法的应用,可有效改善基质效应的影响,优化液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。     

液质联用测定氟尼辛葡甲胺的条件优化

建立了液相色谱-四级杆串联质谱法测定氟尼辛葡甲胺含量的方法,对其检验条件进行了优化。采用Agilent eclipse plus C18色谱柱分离,用体积浓度0.1%甲酸溶液、0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液作为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。该方法操作灵敏度高,重复性好。