微乳液体系作为药物载体的研究进展

介绍了微乳液药物载体的特点、组分选择问题和应用。微乳液具有制备简单、透明、热力学稳定、类型多样等诸多特点，其作为药物载体，有广泛的给药途径、能够提高药物的贮存稳定件、增加药物增溶量以及提高药物的生物利用度。通过微乳液作为药物载体的具体研究体系，总结了微乳液作为药物载体在静脉注射、口服以及局部给药方面的特点和机理；并论述了新剂型自微乳化药物载体体系(SMEDDS)以及自乳化药物载体体系(SEDDS)的研究现状。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物药物控释体系的研究进展

聚天冬氨酸衍生物是一种可生物降解并具有生物相容性的新材料。综述了聚天冬氨酸衍生物药物控制释放体系的研究进展,重点探讨了聚天冬氨酸衍生物共价复合大分子药物、微凝胶、微胶束等药物缓释体的制备方法及性能,展望了聚天冬氨酸衍生物在药物控释、组织工程等领域的应用前景。     

注射型原位成型药物传递系统的研究现状

注射型原位成型药物传递系统在近年来得到了广泛关注。注射型原位凝胶植入局部位置并使多聚物以半固体形式贮存药物,这种形式相比其它传统的给药方式具有很多优点。本文重点介绍了原位系统中原位沉淀凝胶的贮药机制,特性及其优缺点。     

Anticancer drug delivery systems based on inorganic nanocarriers with fluorescent tracers

In recent years, anticancer nanomedicines have mainly been developed for chemotherapy and combination therapy in which the main contributing anticancer drugs are delivered by deliberately designed nano drug delivery systems (nano‐DDSs). Inorganic nanocarriers equipped with fluorescent tracers have become attractive tools to monitor the whole drug delivery and release processes. The fluorescence signal of tracers could be observed concomitantly with drug release, and thus, this strategy is of great benefit to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the nano‐DDSs. This review provides a brief overview about three inorganic nanocarriers for drug delivery, including mesoporous silica, Fe₃O₄, and hydroxyapatite. We mainly discussed about their preparation processes, drug loading capacities, and the development of different fluorescent materials (fluorescent dyes, quantum dots, fluorescent macromolecules, and rare earth metals) hybridized to nanocarriers for real‐time monitoring of drug release both in vitro and in vivo. This review also provides some recommendations for more in‐depth research in future. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 835–859, 2018     

Polyphophazenes as anti-cancer drug carriers: From synthesis to application

Currently, most of administered anti-cancer drugs are low molecular weight compounds (as compare to polymers) and hydrophobic in nature. Such small molecular anti-cancer drugs possess fast clearance rate from the blood circulating system and have toxic side effects. Poly(organophosphazenes) have wide range of biomedical applications owing good biocompatibility, sustainability and degradability into non-toxic by-products. So, in this review, we have carefully selected such poly(organophosphazenes), which proved to be good anti-cancer drug carriers because of overcoming crucial issues related to the administration of anti-cancer drugs i.e. poor hydrophilicity, lack of cancer cells specificity, and fast clearance rate from blood circulating system. Thence, the main focus of this review is to highlight the advancement that have been achieved in the synthesis of poly(organophosphazenes) and their application in anti-cancer drug delivery system (DDS).     

Synthesis and characterization of simple and binary drug delivery systems for sustainable release of ciprofloxacin

Biopolymers are widely used for design sustained drug delivery systems (SDDS) and biomaterials for tissue engineering. Reducing wound infections still constitutes one of the major challenges facing the wound care. The aim of this study was to synthetize, characterize and evaluate a single (polymeric spheres) and a binary polymeric biomaterial (polymeric spheres imbedded in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) scaffold) as a SDDS. Polymeric spheres were prepared by complex coacervation and the binary system of the chitosan (CH) -PVA beads embedded in a PVA scaffold prepared by Ice Segregation Induced Self-Assembly (ISISA) process. Both systems were physicochemically characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In vitro ciprofloxacin (CFX) release kinetics were evaluated simulating physiological conditions under sink conditions. Physicochemical characterization showed interactions between all components forming beads; in contrast, beads-scaffold interactions were not detected making evident the presence of two different phases in the binary system. The CFX release kinetics revealed that both systems were SDDS, simple system release 97.0?±?6.9% in 7 days, while the binary was 68.56?±?6.6% during 14 days of evaluation. Binary system emerges as a potential tool for evaluate the long-lasting infection control in the treatment of skin wounds.     

The application of carbon nanotubes in target drug delivery systems for cancer therapies

Among all cancer treatment options, chemotherapy continues to play a major role in killing free cancer cells and removing undetectable tumor micro-focuses. Although chemotherapies are successful in some cases, systemic toxicity may develop at the same time due to lack of selectivity of the drugs for cancer tissues and cells, which often leads to the failure of chemotherapies. Obviously, the therapeutic effects will be revolutionarily improved if human can deliver the anticancer drugs with high selectivity to cancer cells or cancer tissues. This selective delivery of the drugs has been called target treatment. To realize target treatment, the first step of the strategies is to build up effective target drug delivery systems. Generally speaking, such a system is often made up of the carriers and drugs, of which the carriers play the roles of target delivery. An ideal carrier for target drug delivery systems should have three pre-requisites for their functions: (1) they themselves have target effects; (2) they have sufficiently strong adsorptive effects for anticancer drugs to ensure they can transport the drugs to the effect-relevant sites; and (3) they can release the drugs from them in the effect-relevant sites, and only in this way can the treatment effects develop. The transporting capabilities of carbon nanotubes combined with appropriate surface modifications and their unique physicochemical properties show great promise to meet the three pre-requisites. Here, we review the progress in the study on the application of carbon nanotubes as target carriers in drug delivery systems for cancer therapies.     

亲水性聚氨酯压敏胶经皮给药应用性能研究

针对目前经皮给药制剂发展急需性能优良的亲水性新型压敏胶基质,制备了亲水性聚氨酯压敏胶。对一些影响压敏胶贴剂力学性能的因素进行了考察,并重点研究了载药压敏胶贴剂经皮释放规律。结果表明,该聚氨酯压敏胶贴剂具有良好的药物控释能力,适用于经皮给药系统。     

药物纤维及其在新型给药系统中的应用

综述了制备药物纤维的材料和技术以及药物纤维在新型给药系统(DDS)中的应用。分析了目前药物纤维DDS技术存在的问题。药物纤维可分为原料型、天然纤维的后整理型、聚合物型及复合型。其制备方法主要有传统纺丝方法、静电纺丝技术、非织造布技术以及后整理技术。指出中草药纤维的DDS、智能释药纤维DDS及多药多级控释DDS是今后药物纤维DDS研究的方向。     

Guanidinylated dendritic molecular transporters: prospective drug delivery systems and application in cell transfection

In the present review the crucial role of the guanidinium functional group in facilitating the transport of dendritic polymers through liposomal and cell membranes is discussed, along with other structural features of guanidinylated dendritic polymers that fine-tune their transport properties, and even determine their subcellular destinations. In this context, an ideal dendritic molecular transporter would need to possess a dendritic scaffold of the appropriate size and degree of guanidinylation, flexibility of the guanidinium moiety, and should exhibit a proper balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties located on the dendritic surface. All of the above are illustrated through selected paradigms from the relevant literature, which give a valuable insight into forging successful dendritic delivery systems for both drugs and genes. The main challenge for the future focus of the field is identified as the determination of the key structural and functional characteristics that will enhance cell internalisation, and secure localisation in specific subcellular organelles.     

Synthesis of PDON-b-PEG-b-PDON block copolymers and drug delivery system thereof

ABA-type block copolymers of poly(1,4-dioxan-2-one) (PDON) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized and characterized. From the results of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, it was observed that the PDON blocks show similar crystallization behavior with homopolymer while the PEG blocks demonstrate lower melting temperature and crystallinity than PEG homopolymer. Their dynamic contact angles (θ_a) decreased with the increase of PEG fraction in copolymers, indicating the hydrophilicity of PDON-b-PEG-b-PDON (PDPEPD) copolymers was improved gradually. The potential application of PDPEPD copolymers in the drug delivery system has been investigated. The release rate of Levonorgestrel (LNG) increased with the strengthening of hydrophilicity of copolymer samples. The burst effect of release of LNG is small in copolymers with short PDON blocks. When DON mole fraction in copolymers is high enough, no burst effect can be observed. In an experimental period of about 25 days, the release rate of LNG kept almost constant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 68: 2121–2128, 1998     

经皮给药用压敏胶粘剂的组成、性能和应用

对在TDDS中应用的压敏胶粘剂进行了介绍,重点比较了聚异丁烯、硅酮、聚丙烯酸酯等几类压敏胶的组成、性能及在TDDS中的应用情况。     

用于透皮吸收制剂的亲水性压敏胶的制备与性能

以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、甘油共混制备了亲水性医用压敏胶,分析了各组分 配比对压敏胶性能的影响,并对制得的压敏胶的药物控释能力进行了考察。结果表明,所制备的压敏胶具有 优异的性能,适用于透皮给药系统(TDOs)。     

pH/redox/thermo-stimulative nanogels with enhanced thermosensitivity via incorporation of cationic and anionic components for anticancer drug delivery

To explore the potential biomedical applications of nanogels, it is a key factor to improve their thermosensitivity. In this paper, triple-responsive nanogels poly(N-isopropylacrylamide–N,N′-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate–acrylic acid) (PNDA) were synthesized via in situ incorporating both cationic components and anionic components into a normal thermosensitive polymer matrix. The triple-monomer constructed PNDA nanogels displayed an enhanced thermosensitivity as compared with dual-monomer constructed PND nanogels. The PNDA nanogels presented higher encapsulation efficiency (～89%) and exhibited better pH/redox/thermo-responsivenesses in an anticancer drug delivery. In vitro biological study indicated that the PNDA nanogels have excellent biocompatibility and improved anticancer cytotoxicity to A549 cells after loading drug DOX.     

Quantum DCS系统及其应用体会

中国联合水泥公司3000t／d熟料生产线电气控制系统采用了法国施耐德公司的Quantum DCS系统，实现对全厂所有设备的工艺操作和控制。全面介绍了QuantumDCS系统的特点、功能系统构成网络，并详细总结了确保该系统稳定可靠运行的使用和维护的经验。