自蔓延高温合成制备二硅化钼基材料的研究进展

自蔓延高温合成技术因具有低成本、反应速度快和转化率高等许多优点,成为制备二硅化钼基材料的有效方法.介绍了自蔓延高温合成二硅化钼的机理和影响因素,非常规SHS技术和SHS与加工技术联用在制备二硅化钼以及二硅化钼基复合材料中的应用,在此基础上指出了自蔓延高温合成制备二硅化钼基材料今后的研究重点和发展方向.     

二硅化钼材料的研究现状及应用前景

二硅化钼作为一种重要的高温发热材料和结构材料,一直受到材料科学家的广泛重视．本文对二硅化钼及其复合材料国内外的研究现状进行了全面介绍,对近年来的研究方向进行了归纳和总结,包括高温变形、氧化机理和复合强化等方面．指出了国内这些方面的研究与国际水平相比存在的差距和不足,并分析了原因．最后,对二硅化钼及其复合材料的应用市场前景进行了分析和展望．     

二硅化钼材料低温氧化的研究进展

介绍了二硅化钼低温氧化的研究进展,对当今几种二硅化钼材料低温氧化发生“Pesting”现象的机理模型及改善低温抗氧化的方法进行了评述,在此基础上提出了今后的二硅化钼低温氧化研究的重点和方向。     

钼含量及水氛对电弧喷涂铝316L不锈钢高温氧化性能的影响

目前,有关高温含水气氛对金属材料高温氧化行为的影响认识不统一。采用电弧喷涂的方法在含钼量不同的316L不锈钢表面制备一层纯铝层进行改性,并通过热处理获得铝扩散层;采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和氧化增重(TG)等手段研究了钼含量及含水气氛对改性316L不锈钢在高温下氧化行为的影响。结果表明:低钼含量不锈钢在高温下(1 050℃)的抗氧化性能优于高钼不锈钢;同时,高温下表面铝改性低钼不锈钢在含水气氛中的抗氧化性能强于其在空气中的表现。     

提高钼的硅化物保护涂层的抗热震性

加涂保护涂层的钼及铜合金,作为高温材料应用时,抗氧化保护涂层除了需要具备良好的抗氧化性能外,还需要在反复的温度激变作用下,能继续保护钼不破坏。热扩散形成的二硅化钼涂层在稳定的温度条件下,能很好地保护钼抗氧化。例如在1100℃空气中持续300小时,涂有二硅化钼涂层的钼试     

测温用钼保护管工艺研究进展

钨铼热电偶材料具有高熔点、高再结晶温度、高热电动势值、高灵敏度等优点,被广泛应用于钢铁冶炼、气氛炉、石油化工中的高温裂解炉等高温测温领域中。对应用于高温氧化、硫化气氛等强腐蚀性气氛中的热电偶,一般采用外套保护管密封,形成实体型防氧化结构的方式。文章综述了测温用钼基保护管制备的关键工艺,钼管硅化表面改性的研究进展,并对今后测温用钼管的发展和应用作了展望。     

二硅化钼基复合材料的发展动态

综述了二硅化钼基复合材料的增强剂、复合工艺与大学性能，指出了它作为高温结构材料的应用前景及进一步的研究方向。     

粉末粒度对喷涂二硅化钼涂层微观结构的影响

分别以2.5～15μm、15～30μm、30～54μm和54～74μm四种粒径的二硅化钼为热喷涂粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了二硅化钼涂层,通过XRD和带能谱的SEM表征了涂层的微观组织结构。结果表明,喷涂过程中,喷涂粉末中部分四方相MoSi2(t)转变为六方相MoSi2(h),MoSi2中的Si含量出现了损失。随着喷涂粉末粒径的增大,MoSi2粒子在沉积过程中的氧化程度减弱,涂层中的Mo、Mo5Si3等富钼相和MoO3、MoO2等氧化产物的相对含量逐渐减少,而富硅相MoSi2逐渐增加。粉末粒度分别在30～54μm和54～74μm范围时,均可获得以MoSi2为主相的涂层。以粒径30～54μm的粉末制备的涂层组织较致密,内部出现了富钼相"网状"结构的组织。     

沉积电压对SiC-C/C复合材料表面水热电泳沉积SiC_n-MoSi_2复合抗氧化涂层的影响

采用水热电泳沉积法在SiC-C/C复合材料表面制备纳米碳化硅和二硅化钼的复相(SiC_n-MoSi_2)抗氧化涂层.分别采用XRD和SEM等测试手段对涂层的晶相组成和显微结构进行了表征.主要研究了沉积电压对涂层显微结构及高温抗氧化性能的影响,分析了涂层试样在1500℃下的静态氧化行为及热循环失效机理.结果表明:外涂层主要由MoSi_2和β-SiC晶相组成.当沉积电压为100～180V时,外涂层的致密程度、厚度及抗氧化性能随着沉积电压的升高而提高.沉积电压过高(220V)时,复合涂层中出现裂纹等缺陷,涂层的氧化保护能力相应减弱.抗氧化性能测试表明复合涂层可在1500℃的静态空气中有效保护C/C复合材料346h,失重率仅1.41wt%.涂层的高温失效是由于涂层试样在热循环过程中产生了贯穿性裂纹导致的.     

机械合金化制备的细晶弥散颗粒烧结铒合金的力学性能

钼有高熔点(2890 K)、低热膨胀系数、高的热导率和与熔融金属优良的相容性能,非常适于在高温结构材料方面应用.然而,金属钼由易发生再结晶而产生粗大晶粒,从而表现出较差的低温韧性和较低的高温强度,这样就限制了钼作为结构材料使用的温度范围和领域.改善钼的低温韧性和高温强度是很必要的,为此,日本学者把钼粉和ZrC(或TaC)粉末进行机械合金化(MA),得到的混合粉末经热等静压(HIP)和火花等离子体烧结(SPS)制备钼合金,该钼合金具有细晶组织和弥散ZrC(或TaC)颗粒,其力学性能表现优越.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...