Characteristics of flow field near sea bottom in a combined wave and current motion

Abstract

A reasonable time‐invariant eddy viscosity model is proposed to describe turbulent flow over a rough sea bottom in a combined wave‐current system. The linearized governing equations are solved for the wave and current kinematics both inside and outside the wave boundary layer. The results of velocity profile, friction factor and apparent roughness in a wave‐current motion are presented. The friction factors are shown to be consistent with previous theoretical results for the limiting cases of pure wave and pure current motions. Present results are compared favorably with the available data.     

波纹管壳结构中振动波的传播

研究了波纹管壳结构中的振动波。运用摄动方法与结构振动的波动方法得到了波纹管结构波动解的形式;在此基础上考察了振动波的频散特性。结果表明：摄动波是以传播波和衰减驻波形式存在;研究了振动波通过圆柱壳－波纹壳不连续截面时的传播特点,从频散特性角度对弯曲波传播进行了解释。本文为工程实际中波纹管接头的降噪预报提供了一种理论方法。     

Absolute interferometric test of aspheres by use of twin computer-generated holograms

A complete absolute interferometric test of axially symmetric aspheres is presented. The method is based on a specially designed computer-generated hologram (CGH) that reconstructs an aspherical wave as well as a spherical auxiliary wave. Since both phase functions have the same symmetry and their pattern is simultaneously encoded, we call this type of multiplex hologram a Twin-CGH. The spherical wave is used for calibration. The aberrations of the spherical auxiliary wave are measured absolutely with either a spherical mirror or an absolute test for Fresnel zone plates. Thus the two types of aberration inherent in the CGH can be identified and separated from each other. The errors of the spherical wave can be transferred to those of the aspherical wave. Two different methods thatuse Twin-CGHs for absolute testing of aspheric surfaces are described. Test procedures are explained, equations are derived, and experimental results are presented. A mutual comparison of the two results and a comparison with the established N-position rotation test are given.     

Thermoacoustic effect of traveling-standing wave

In order to improve thermoacoustic efficiency, the thermoacoustic devices have been developed from standing wave devices to traveling wave devices. Actually, the acoustic field in practical thermoacoustic devices is neither a pure traveling wave nor a pure standing wave. The thermoacoustic effect is the hybrid effect of traveling wave component and standing wave component. Therefore, the thermoacoustic effect of traveling-standing wave will be study in this paper. Firstly, the thermoacoustic conversion performance of the traveling-standing wave are analyzes qualitatively by combining the thermoacoustic conversion performance of the traveling wave with those of the standing wave. Then, based on the basic thermoacoustic formulas, the influence of the parameters of the acoustic field and the regenerator’s structure on the thermoacoustic conversion is analyzed, and the optimum condition for the thermoacoustic conversion is discussed. The results are consistent with the qualitative analysis. Additionally, our theoretical results also show a good agreement with the experimental data [Biwa et al. Phys Rev E 2004;69(6):066304(6)], which indicates the validity of the analysis in this paper. Furthermore, the analysis in this paper further provides a more intensive understanding of these experimental results. The conclusions obtained in this paper are significant to guide for the design of new thermoacoustic devices.     

Multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves by an aggregate of uniaxial anisotropic spheres

An exact analytical solution is obtained for the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a plane wave with arbitrary directions of propagation and polarization by an aggregate of interacting homogeneous uniaxial anisotropic spheres with parallel primary optical axes. The expansion coefficients of a plane wave with arbitrary directions of propagation and polarization, for both TM and TE modes, are derived in terms of spherical vector wave functions. The effects of the incident angle α and the polarization angle β on the radar cross sections (RCSs) of several types of collective uniaxial anisotropic spheres are numerically analyzed in detail. The characteristics of the forward and backward RCSs in relation to the incident wavelength are also numerically studied. Selected results on the forward and backward RCSs of several types of square arrays of SiO? spheres illuminated by a plane wave with different incident angles are described. The accuracy of the expansion coefficients of the incident fields is verified by comparing them with the results obtained from references when the plane wave is degenerated to a z-propagating and x- or y-polarized plane wave. The validity of the theory is also confirmed by comparing the numerical results with those provided by a CST simulation.     

应力波在基桩中的传播特性

将基桩简化为一维弹性杆，研究了位移波和应力波在不同类型的基桩中的传播特性。同时，本文分析了位移波和应力波在固定端、自由端和弹性支承端的反射特点。在固定端，位移为零而应力加倍；在自由端，应力为零而位移加倍。通过对应力波在基桩中的传播特性的分析，不仅有利于提高基桩动测的理性认识，而且为实测响应的解释和参数的估计提供了较为严格的理论依据。     

波在各向异性介质中传播规律的无网格法数值模拟

采用基于紧支距离基函数近似的配点型无网格方法对波在各向异性层状介质中的传播规律进行了数值模拟,得到了应力波的传播历程,并与冲击载荷作用下的有限元计算结果值进行了比较。该方法所得到的结果与有限元计算的结果吻合较好。说明该方法可以有效地模拟波在各向异性材料中的传播过程。     

渐变折射率光波导模场分布的矢量FD-TD法分析

用二维矢量时域有限差分法分析了渐变折射率光波导中基模的模场分布情况，采用平面光波，球面光波，高斯光波等五种不同形态的光波激励同一波导，借助计算机进行数值求解，得到的光场分布图在光场传播达到稳定后完全相同，说明了波导的模式与光波形态无关，只与波导结构和光波波长有关，结果直观，精确，快速，并与解析法分析的结果相一致。     

振动控制研究中的小波包降噪处理

在土木结构振动控制研究中,通常采用人工地震波或实测地震波进行输入,这些地震波往往受到椒盐噪声、脉冲噪声、高斯噪声等多种高频噪声的干扰,影响了振动控制研究的效果.提出一种小波包降噪的处理方法,用以降低高频噪声干扰和简化地震波有效特征向量提取.把实测地震波与降噪处理的地震波应用在一般结构主动控制理论研究中,运用LQR控制算法,通过编制计算机程序进行仿真分析.分析结果表明:地震波经降噪处理前后主动控制地震响应变化非常小,控制系统对于实测地震波的干扰成分具有良好的鲁棒性.     

Hamilton体系下的功能梯度电磁弹性固体内的导波研究

根据Hamilton原理建立了三维压电压磁动力学耦合系统的Hamilton对偶体系，将经典的弹性力学一类变量问题转化为二类变量，建立了Hamilton正则方程组，研究了功能梯度电磁材料（FGMM）板／管内的弹性导波的频散特性及波结构特征。结果表明：（1）压电效应提高了Lamb波的频率和波速，而磁效应则相反，压电效应对波动的影响远大于磁效应；它们而对SH波没有影响（厚度方向极化）。（2）短路及断路电学边界条件对SH波不发生任何影响（厚度方向极化），而短路对Lamb波的频率和波速有不同程度的降低（相同波数下）。（3）在波结构上，对平板而言，所谓的“对称”和“反对称”Lamb波由于材料的梯度特性而变得不再严格的关于中心线对称或反对称。对管而言，由于材料的非均匀分布导致存轴对称栩转波模态中出现了横截面翘曲现象．轴对称纵向波也出现厚度剪切应力。     

Effect of current on spectrum of breaking waves in water of finite depth

This paper presents an approximate method to compute the mean value, the mean square value and the spectrum of waves in water of finite depth taking into account the effect of wave breaking with or without the presence of current. It is assumed that there exists a linear and Gaussian ideal wave train whose spectrum is first obtained using the wave energy flux balance equation without considering wave breaking. The Miche wave breaking criterion for waves in finite water depth is used to limit the wave elevation and establish an expression for the breaking wave elevation in terms of the elevation and its second time derivative of the ideal waves. Simple expressions for the mean value, the mean square value and the spectrum are obtained. These results are applied to the case in which a deep water unidirectional wave train, propagating normally towards a straight shoreline over gently varying sea bottom of parallel and straight contours, encounters an adverse steady current whose velocity is assumed to be uniformly distributed with depth. Numerical results are obtained and presented in graphical form.     

瓦斯爆炸在封闭管道内冲击振荡特征的数值模拟

摘要：为了研究爆炸波在封闭型系统的冲击和振荡特征及其特征参数变化规律,采用数值模拟的方法研究了封闭型管道内瓦斯爆炸的传播特征。研究结果表明：闭口型系统内的瓦斯爆炸呈明显的振荡特征,对于爆燃波,反射波有2道,即前驱冲击波的振荡和压缩波的振荡。由于冲击波的振荡叠加,使其最大爆炸超压和瞬态流速峰值与开口型系统相比较高,而且在反射波及稀疏波的影响下,爆炸波超压分为三个区。爆炸温度和动压同样呈明显的振荡特征,使得爆炸高温环境维持较长时间,爆炸动压在爆炸传播方向的动压与其他方向相比明显较大。研究结果解释了受限空间内爆炸破坏比开放型系统强烈的原因,为今后受限空间内爆炸的预防与控制提供了基础理论参考。     

高阶谱应用中应力波波速的估计

在应用冲击波法进行无损估计时,应力波波速测量是一项非常重要的工作。研究了基于高阶谱的时间延迟估计原理及其算法,并将其应用到基于冲击波法的双传感器测量应力波波速方法中,解决了传统的直接观察法中的人为误差的影响和噪声对测量精度的影响,降低了测量误差,波速数据具有更好的一致性,取得了满意的实验结果。     

套损井整形冲击应力波的传播机理研究

研究了套损井冲击整形的力学机理.运用冲击动力学理论和应力波传播理论,推导出波源处的应力波波形函数,确定了应力波传播的衰减方式.以油井中井液—套管—水泥环为系统,推导出了应力波在其中传播的衰减系数,以此确定套管和水泥环内的应力分布.根据水泥环的损伤判据,计算水泥环的理论损伤长度,并与测试长度进行对比,以验证应力波在波源处的波形函数、衰减系数推导的正确性.     

Nonlinear wave theory in reliability analysis of offshore structures

The reliability analysis of offshore structures under wave and wind actions is considered using second order random wave theory. To represent non-Gaussian properties of the resulting wave kinematics, the Hermite moment transformation is used. Further, the so-called sample-specific linearization method developed already (to be used in conjunction with the directional simulation method and the linear wave theory) will be extended to take into account both (1) non-Gaussianity of wave/wind load due to nonlinear load processes and also (2) the non-Gaussianity of wave kinematics due to the nonlinear wave theory. This allows an out-crossing approach to be used to assess the structural probability of failure and the involving out-crossing rate (which is not generally available for non-Gaussian processes) is required to be estimated. Using the proposed procedure, simple structures are analyzed in one- and multi-dimensional cases and the results for structural probability of failure are compared with those obtained using simple linear wave theory. Outcomes show that the use of nonlinear wave theory may affect the results considerably.     

Propagation of harmonic plane waves under thermoelasticity with dual-phase-lags

The present paper deals with the investigation of the propagation of harmonic plane waves with assigned frequency by employing the thermoelasticity theory with dual-phase-lags (Tzou [7], Chandrasekharaiah [10]). The exact dispersion relation solutions for the plane wave are obtained analytically and asymptotic expressions of several characterizations of the wave fields, such as phase velocity, specific loss, penetration depth and amplitude ratios are obtained for both the high frequency as well as low frequency values. In order to illustrate the analytical results, the computational tool Mathematica is used to find the numerical values of different wave fields at intermediate values of frequency and results are depicted in different figures. A detailed analysis of the effects of phase-lags on plane wave is presented on the basis of analytical and numerical results and significant points are highlighted.     

椭球面镜声波反射聚焦数值模拟研究

据Hamilton线性理论解,给出沿椭球面镜轴线的电弧放电等离子声源(AD-PSS)反射波计算结果,分析由镜面引起的相位变化对中心波、边缘波及尾波传播影响。在聚焦前区中心波压力为正,边缘波、尾波压力为负;聚焦后区则相反。在线性条件下,反射波压力峰值出现于椭球面镜几何焦点,越过焦点后反射波压力幅值迅速衰减。利用有限元软件COMSOL对椭球面镜声反射过程进行数值模拟,揭示反射波传播演化过程及声场分布规律。据KZK方程及等效声源法,分析非线性效应对声传播过程影响。研究表明,非线性效应将使椭球面镜实际焦点位置偏离几何焦点,即正压实际焦点出现在几何焦点后,负压实际焦点出现在几何焦点前;随非线性系数增加正压实际焦点后移,负压实际焦点前移。     

混凝土结构中钢筋对波传播的影响分析

对超声波在钢筋混凝土结构中的传播进行研究,分析了波在传播路径中的波形转换,通过实例计算求得时域曲线并进行了影响分析。可知钢筋的直径大小,钢筋到探头的距离都对波形、波幅有很大的影响,同时钢筋到探头的距离对首波到达的时间也有较大的影响,为无损检测的定量化提供了可靠的依据。     

基于金属栅脊加载矩形波导慢波结构的非共振斜注管

提出了一种使用金属栅脊加载矩形波导慢波结构的非共振斜注管。研究了金属栅脊加载矩形波导慢波结构的高频特性,并将其与矩形波导栅慢波结构的高频特性进行对比。设计了一只使用金属栅脊加载矩形波导慢波结构的非共振斜注管和一只使用矩形波导栅慢波结构的非共振斜注管。利用粒子模拟软件对两种非共振斜注管的输出特性进行了仿真,结果表明,相同工作频段内,使用金属栅脊加载矩形波导慢波结构的非共振斜注管具有更高的输出功率和电子效率。     

Influence of material parameters on acoustic wave propagation modes in ZnO/Si bi-layered structures

The influences of material properties on acoustic wave propagation modes in ZnO/Si bi-layered structures are studied. The transfer matrix method is used to calculate dispersion relations, wave field distributions, and electromechanical coupling coefficients of acoustic wave propagation modes in ZnO/Si bi-layered systems, in which the thickness of the substrate is of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the propagating wave modes. The influences of the thin film parameters on the acoustic wave propagation modes and their electromechanical coupling coefficients of the wave modes also are obtained. In addition, some experimental results for characterizing the wave propagation modes and their frequencies have also been obtained, which agree well with the theoretical predictions.