聚羧酸盐侧链长度对水煤浆分散性能的影响及其作用机理

合成了一系列具有不同侧链长度的梳型聚羧酸盐(PC),研究了PC侧链长度对水煤浆的分散和流变性能的影响,使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了PC在煤水界面的吸附,并结合水煤浆Zeta电位及PC对煤颗粒的润湿性探讨了PC的分散作用机理,为设计制得高效的聚羧酸盐水煤浆分散剂提供依据。结果表明:长主链、短侧链和高阴离子基团含量的PC500(侧链聚合度)具有优良的分散性,所制水煤浆属假塑性流体。PC在煤表面呈单分子层吸附,其中PC500的吸附密度和吸附厚度均最大,分别为0.638 mg·m^-2和4.20 nm,其对煤粒润湿性也较好,所制水煤浆Zeta电位绝对值最高。侧链长度适中的PC500通过平衡吸附层厚度与Zeta电位发挥空间位阻和静电斥力作用分散水煤浆,其可有效地降低水煤浆Gibbs能,使煤粒间“团聚”减弱,浆体分散性提高。     

SAS/MAA/MPEGMAA聚羧酸盐分散剂的制备与性能

以甲基丙烯酸（MAA）和 4 种不同侧链长度的甲氧基聚乙二醇（MPEG相对分子质量分别为350,500,750,1000）先聚合得到酯化大单体（MPEGMAA）,再以甲基丙烯酸,烯丙基磺酸钠（SAS）为单体,在引发剂过硫酸钾,阻聚剂对苯二酚作用下聚合得到 4 种具有不同侧链长度的聚羧酸盐分散剂。通过红外（FT-IR）、核磁共振氢谱（¹H NMR）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对聚合物的结构、相对分子质量及其分布进行了表征和分析,并将其作用于彬长煤制浆,考察了浆体的表观黏度、流变性、zeta电位、吸附性以及最大成浆浓度和稳定性,测定其与煤的接触角,并通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析,得出煤粒表面吸附分散剂后的吸附层厚度为 6.12 nm。结果表明,侧链长度为SAS/MAA/MPEGMAA750的聚羧酸盐分散剂具有良好的润湿和吸附效果,对彬长煤具有更好的降黏、分散和稳定作用。     

SAS/MAA/MPEGMAA聚羧酸盐分散剂的制备与性能

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和4种不同侧链长度的甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG相对分子质量分别为350,500,750,1000)先聚合得到酯化大单体(MPEGMAA),再以甲基丙烯酸,烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)为单体,在引发剂过硫酸钾,阻聚剂对苯二酚作用下聚合得到4种具有不同侧链长度的聚羧酸盐分散剂。通过红外(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对聚合物的结构、相对分子质量及其分布进行了表征和分析,并将其作用于彬长煤制浆,考察了浆体的表观黏度、流变性、zeta电位、吸附性以及最大成浆浓度和稳定性,测定其与煤的接触角,并通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,得出煤粒表面吸附分散剂后的吸附层厚度为6.12 nm。结果表明,侧链长度为SAS/MAA/MPEGMAA750的聚羧酸盐分散剂具有良好的润湿和吸附效果,对彬长煤具有更好的降黏、分散和稳定作用。     

不同降解方式对淀粉基水煤浆分散剂性能的影响

分别采用氧化法(H₂O₂为氧化剂)、酸解法(HCl)两种不同的方式制备降解淀粉,在相同的实验条件下,以丙烯酸(AA)、苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)为单体,H₂O₂-Fe²⁺为引发剂,通过自由基聚合反应制备3种淀粉基水煤浆分散剂。通过红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振氢谱(¹HNMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对产物的分子结构、相对分子质量及分布进行了表征和分析。将3种分散剂应用于彬长煤制浆,考察对比了浆体的表观黏度、分散剂最佳添量、最大制浆浓度、流变性、Zeta电位、吸附特性及静态稳定性等。结果表明,经氧化降解制备的淀粉基水煤浆分散剂在最佳添加量0.4%(质量分数)时,水煤浆最大制浆浓度可达到67%,表观黏度为906mPa·s,煤粒表面的Zeta电位由–12.1mV变化到–47.3mV,相较于由玉米淀粉及酸降解淀粉制备的水煤浆分散剂对彬长煤具有更好的降黏、分散、稳定作用。     

聚羧酸盐分散剂的亲疏水性对农药分散性能影响

[目的]研究聚羧酸盐分散剂的亲疏水性对农药分散性能影响。[方法]使用合成的不同亲疏水单体比例的甲基丙烯酸苯乙烯共聚钠盐(SSMA)作为分散剂制备莠去津悬浮液。使用TURBISCAN LAB稳定性分析仪、激光粒度仪、Zeta电位仪分别测定莠去津悬浮液的稳定性、平均粒径、Zeta电位,使用紫外-可见分光光度计测定SSMA在莠去津颗粒表面的吸附量。[结果]使用亲油(St)亲水(MAA)单体比例为1∶3的SSMA制备的莠去津悬浮液稳定性最好。莠去津悬浮液的Zeta电位值及SSMA在莠去津颗粒表面的吸附量均随SSMA中亲水单体(MAA)比例的增加而降低。[结论]聚羧酸盐分散剂的亲疏水性主要通过影响分散剂在农药颗粒表面的吸附量以及提供的静电斥力来影响农药悬浮液的稳定性。     

新型腐殖酸分散剂及其对水煤浆的分散性能研究

以腐殖酸、无水亚硫酸钠、甲醛、β-萘磺酸钠为主要原料,通过磺甲基化和缩聚反应,制备出一种新型的腐殖酸分散剂HBNS,将其应用到榆林煤制浆中,考察水煤浆的成浆性能、稳定性及HBNS与煤粒复合体系的Zeta电位。结果表明,HBNS的分散性、稳定性均优于传统的腐殖酸分散剂,当其用量为0. 5%时,可获得浓度高达68%的水煤浆,浆体表观黏度为632 mPa·s,水煤浆的流动度为123 mm;静止7 d时,水煤浆的析水率为5. 7%,析水较少,且浆体底部为软沉淀; Zeta电位的绝对值随着HBNS添加量的增加而增大,水煤浆体系的稳定性明显增强。     

新型腐殖酸分散剂及其对水煤浆的分散性能研究

以腐殖酸、无水亚硫酸钠、甲醛、β-萘磺酸钠为主要原料,通过磺甲基化和缩聚反应,制备出一种新型的腐殖酸分散剂HBNS,将其应用到榆林煤制浆中,考察水煤浆的成浆性能、稳定性及HBNS与煤粒复合体系的Zeta电位。结果表明,HBNS的分散性、稳定性均优于传统的腐殖酸分散剂,当其用量为0. 5%时,可获得浓度高达68%的水煤浆,浆体表观黏度为632 mPa·s,水煤浆的流动度为123 mm;静止7 d时,水煤浆的析水率为5. 7%,析水较少,且浆体底部为软沉淀; Zeta电位的绝对值随着HBNS添加量的增加而增大,水煤浆体系的稳定性明显增强。     

苄基化疏水改性淀粉的合成及水煤浆分散性能

采用氧化淀粉和羟乙基淀粉为原料,氯化苄为疏水剂,引入一定量的疏水基团苄基,制备出两种新型苄基化改性淀粉(氧化苄基化淀粉(OBS)和羟乙基苄基化淀粉(HBS))。将OBS和HBS作为分散剂应用于神华煤制备水煤浆,探讨改性淀粉对浆体的表观黏度、制浆浓度、稳定性和流变性的影响。结果表明:OBS和HBS的最佳添加量为0.50%(质量分数,下同),最大制浆浓度为65%;苄基化疏水改性后制得的淀粉分散剂均具有较好的分散效果,含苄基和羧基更多的OBS分散剂性能更佳,浆体表观黏度为842 mPa·s,7 d析水率为4.3%,煤颗粒表面Zeta电位降至-36.2 mV,体现出较好的稳定性和流变特性。OBS分散剂通过结构中的疏水基团苄基与煤中的硫水区域通过π电子极化作用力结合,形成平躺的线性折叠链式吸附。     

三种水质对煤沥青水浆制备及性质的影响

以中温煤沥青为原料,采用冷冻粉碎方法制得具有一定粒度级配的煤沥青粉后,再加入适量分散剂与去离子水、自来水和焦化废水分别制备煤沥青水浆.考察了分散剂用量与煤沥青水浆流变性的关系,并对分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附和Zeta电位进行了研究.研究表明,三种水均能制得浆体浓度为70%的煤沥青水浆,且浆体的表观黏度均随剪切速率的增加呈下降趋势.由去离子水、自来水和焦化废水制得煤沥青水浆的低位发热量、挥发分和灰分均达水煤浆Ⅰ级标准,硫分达Ⅱ级标准.三种水的分散剂溶液在煤沥青表面的吸附量和Zeta电位均随分散剂浓度的增加呈增大趋势,当分散剂浓度达到一定值后继续增加分散剂的浓度,吸附量和Zeta电位稍有下降,且吸附量和Zeta电位达到最大时对应的分散剂浓度基本相同.     

不同相对分子质量磺酸盐型水煤浆分散剂的制备及其分散性能

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)-丙烯酸(AA)-衣康酸(IA)为原料,通过改变引发剂K2S2O8和NaHSO3的用量,应用水溶液聚合制备了不同相对分子质量的三元IA/AA/AMPS分散剂。以3种水煤浆为研究对象,考察不同相对分子质量的三元IA/AA/AMPS分散剂对各煤种的分散性能,对聚合物的相对分子质量、水煤浆的表观黏度与ζ电位进行了测定。结果表明,当三元IA/AA/AMPS分散剂相对分子质量为2.4万时,可以使64%的3种煤浆的表观黏度分别降低至584,360和609 mPa·s;各种煤粒的表面ζ电位分别达到-44.6,-39.1和-42.8 mV。     

喷气燃料储存安定性的研究

对喷气燃料的储存安定性进行了探讨,对喷气燃料的氧化机理进行了详细的研究,对常用抗氧剂进行了对比,对喷气燃料的颜色安定性及蒸发损失进行了阐述,并对未来进行了展望。     

Modification of melt,light, and heat stability of polyamide 6 by hindered piperidine amine and tertiary amine

Hindered piperidine amine (HPA) and tertiary amine (TA) were introduced into hydrolytic polymerization of caprolactam, and polyamide 6 (PA 6) modified by additives [HPA/TA = 1 : 1 (w/w)] was obtained. The effects of additives on the melt, light, and heat stability of PA 6 were studied. The results showed that with an increase in additive content, the viscosity of PA 6 increased and the elastic response decreased. Thus, the drawing property of PA 6 fibers during melt spinning was improved. With the addition of 0.1%–0.2% additives, the degree of variation in amino end group content and relative viscosity decreased during the process going from resin to fiber, indicating the modified PA 6 had improved melt stability. During light and heat aging, the ratio of retained fracture strength of PA 6 filament increased after modification by 0.1%–0.4% additives. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface morphology of the modified fiber remained almost the same, whereas that of the unmodified fiber was seriously destroyed when exposed to xenon light for 8 days or heated to 180°C in air for 1.5 h. The degree of variation of relative viscosity of the PA 6 fiber also decreased after modification by 0.1%–0.2% additives under oxidative degradation. All these results indicate PA 6 had better melt, light, and heat stability when modified by additives. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 538–544, 2007     

矿山电力系统电压稳定分析

分析了矿山供电系统的特点,对电压稳定性、系统的稳定裕度及防止发生电压稳定破坏的措施进行了阐述。     

荧光纤维的特性研究

以湿法成型制得荧光薄膜、熔融纺丝制得荧光纤维为样品,研究了荧光粉含量、凝固浴和拉伸倍数对荧光强度的影响,并对荧光牢度(耐光性)进行了研究,还从耐洗涤、耐高温、耐溶剂、耐酸碱四方面对其性能稳定性进行了研究。     

一种测定乳状液稳定性的简便有效的新方法

An innovational test method was developed on the basis of redefinition of the emulsion stability. The stability was characterized by relative volume percentage of disperse phase demulsified thoroughly from the top part and the bottom part of an emulsion sample, each weighting the same amount, after being settled for a given time at constant temperature. Three series of emulsions were prepared and tested successfully, which were emulsions of paraffin oil and water stabilized with polyoxyethylene lauryl ether series (AEO3 and AEO9) at various HLBs,and emulsions of rapeseed oil and water stablized with sorbitan monoleate (Span80) and each of polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan carboxylic esters (Tween20, Tween40, Tween60, Tween80 and Tween85) at different HLBs. It proved that this method is especially workable while the boundaries are opaque in a wide range of HLBs and is capable of offering an accurate optimum HLB.     

Improved thermal stability and luminescence properties of SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ green phosphor by a heterogeneous precipitation protocol for solid-state lighting applications

The SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ green-emitting phosphor, as a member of oxynitride phosphors, could greatly enhance the color quality of the white-light conversed by single yellow-emitting phosphor. However, SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ phosphors prepared by traditional solid-state ways normally consist hard agglomerates with unevenly dispersed particles and therefore suppress the luminescence properties. This research proposes a heterogeneous precipitation protocol where precipitation process is introduced, in order to produce a precursor in the first phase. And in the second phase, a high-temperature solid-state process is adopted for obtaining the final product. The main results show that, for an optimized SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ phosphor prepared using our protocol, (1) the SrSi₂O₂N₂:Eu²⁺ particles are faceted and with smooth faces and (2) the phosphor photoluminescence, external quantum efficiency, stability against thermal exposure, and physical stability consistently outperform the current commercially used product. This research essentially provides an economic way for production of solid-state lighting with enhanced color quality.     

不同碱介质对合成硅基MCM-41的影响

研究了在较高的硅与表面活性剂摩尔比(10)体系中,采用不同的碱介质(氨水、乙二胺、三乙醇胺／NaOH)来合成MCM-41。通过XRD,N2吸附-脱附等表征手段,分析了不同碱介质体系对制备MCM-41的影响,并分别与NaOH介质中合成的MCM-41进行比较。结果显示,弱碱介质(NH3,EDA)有利于提高MCM-41的热稳定性;而采用混合碱介质(三乙醇胺／NaOH),则可在一定程度上改善MCM-41的水热稳定性,但随着三乙醇胺量的增加,材料的孔径会相应的减小。     

PTT树脂热分解稳定性研究

研究了不同相对分子质量PTT树脂在氮气和空气 2种气氛中的热分解稳定性。结果表明 ,在氮气中 ,PTT树脂只有 1个热失重台阶 ,相对分子质量对于PTT热分解参数影响不大 ,相应的热分解温度分别为θdi为 3 82 .2～ 3 83℃ ,θmax为 3 99.3～40 3 .4℃ ,θdf为 418.1～ 419.0℃ ,总失重为 88.4%～ 88.7% ,这可以作为PTT热分解稳定性的表征。在空气中 ,PTT树脂存在2个热失重台阶 ,在第 1失重台阶中 ,θdi为 3 70 .9～ 3 75 .2℃ ,θmax为 40 3 .9～ 40 5 .5℃ ,θdf为 414 .7～ 416.0℃ ,样品的总失重为88.9%～ 89.8% ,可以作为PTT热氧化分解稳定性的表征 ;而在第 2失重台阶中 ,θdi为 461.8～ 472 .2℃ ,θmax为 473 .9～ 487.8℃ ,θdf为 480 .5～ 494.1℃ ,样品的总失重为 8.6%～ 9.7% ,第 2失重台阶是残留物进一步氧化燃烧过程的体现。在 2 60℃下 ,PTT在氮气和空气气氛中受热 60min后分别有 1.4%和 4.8%的热失重。说明PTT的热氧化分解稳定性较其热分解稳定性要差 ,但两者相差不大。     

新型非对称聚酰亚胺的合成与性能研究

通过对4,4’-双(N-甲基联苯酰亚胺)的单硝化反应、亲核取代反应、水解反应和闭环脱水反应,成功合成了2-邻甲基苯氧基4,4’,5,5’-联苯四甲酸二酐。将这种新型非对称酸酐与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚和对苯二胺进行高温聚合反应制得了非对称聚酰亚胺。聚酰亚胺的特性黏度分别为0.55dL/g和0.89dL/g,它们在有机溶剂中的溶解性能较好,同时具有优良的热稳定性和热氧稳定性。     

Stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of aqueous flavoring essence

The stability of NaOCl in the presence of aqueous flavoring essences (lemon, mint, osmanthus flowers, pineapple, and vanilla) at 40±1°C was studied. Data from determination of OCl⁻ showed: (i) The stability of NaOCl solution decreased in the presence of essences in the order: mint> lemon and osmanthus flowers>pineapple>vanilla (P<0.01); (ii) OCl⁻ loss with the addition of lemon after incubation for 15 d was significantly greater in solutions with initial pH of 13.50 compared with those initially at pH 12.50 (P<0.01); and (iii) OCl⁻ loss was not significantly influenced by the difference in initial pH value with or without the addition of other essences.