汽车空调人机交互界面研究

随着智能网联技术的发展,人与汽车空调的交互方式越来越多样化、智能化。本文对现有人机交互模式进行了对比分析,并在此基础上探究新一代汽车空调人机交互方式的发展方向和最新进展。针对人车交互系统中存在的现实问题,结合售后用户反馈,提出了目前适用于中国用户的集成物理按键和语音控制的设计建议,对当前汽车空调人机交互界面的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于智能驾驶的交互方式趋势分析

目的初步探讨了在智能驾驶过程中交互方式的发展趋势及智能汽车的发展方向。方法通过对交互行为、交互方式发展的理论性分析,对用户定性、定量的调研整理与讨论,并结合现有高校、研究所及企业关于智能汽车的研究进行综合分析。结论在此基础上,分析得出了驾驶交互方式目的在于用户的安全与愉悦体验,因而智能驾驶的交互方式趋势在于回归自然式的交互行为和对驾驶安全及创新体验的关注。     

基于可供性的智能厨电交互界面设计研究

目的 探索将可供性理论融入智能厨电交互界面设计的方法思路,应对智能厨电交互方式及逻辑越发复杂的挑战,改善智能厨电交互界面的可用性及用户体验。方法 分析可供性理论与智能厨电交互方式之间的对应关系,从物理心理两个层面探索界面设计的具体方法,建构了基于可供性的智能厨电交互界面设计模型,并梳理出相应设计流程;对智能破壁机移动端操控APP交互界面进行设计,并以可用性评估进行设计验证。结果 在可供性理论指导下的智能破壁机移动端操控APP交互界面设计的可用性状况良好,具备相应的交互可供性。结论 在智能厨电交互界面设计中应用可供性理论,能有效应对其交互系统在非物质化的发展趋势中产生的低界面可用性问题,从而降低实现用户目标所需的交互成本,有助于改善智能厨电交互界面的系统可用性状况,并为用户提供高效流畅的使用体验。     

无人驾驶车多种空间人类移动性交互设计研究

目的探讨无人驾驶车在智能交通系统、大数据、人工智能等技术支持下,对人类移动性的范式拓展与设计思考,研究新型人类移动性下无人驾驶车的交互设计方法。方法采用文献调查法、田野调查法和用户参与式设计方法进行分析研究。结果无人驾驶车对人类移动性的拓展包含信息转化,时空维度转换,固有信息与即生信息、转化信息构成了人类新的社交网络以及移动性的内容知识图谱。链接物资流、信息流和资金流的人类移动性构建在多种空间的灵活信息架构中。结论新型人类移动性的无人驾驶车交互设计,将交互内容、功能、媒介的设计,与人类移动性的数据采集、数据处理、数据应用相映射,交互模型中人的身份变得多元,人类群体移动性的交互模式形成新的交互行为逻辑,交互环境由人工智能数字环境和人类智能非数字环境共同构成混合智能的交互样态,信息架构基于自动驾驶形成自适应用户自产生内容UGC前馈和无人驾驶车专业生产内容PGC反馈的智能信息,新的人类移动性催生出由交互载体、功能、内容三要素构成的新的人机交互范式。     

汽车智能座舱交互设计研究综述

目的 随着信息技术的发展,汽车座舱逐渐从纯粹的驾驶空间升级为智能移动生活终端,人机交互的智能化趋势日益显著,通过对相关研究现状进行梳理和分析,为汽车智能座舱交互设计的优化方向提供参考,旨在为智能汽车用户带来更好的驾乘体验。方法 总结相关文献发表概况,梳理智能座舱的发展历程并阐述智能座舱及其交互设计的含义,对智能座舱及其交互设计的研究现状、关键技术、设计案例等进行梳理和归纳。结果 总结得出汽车智能座舱交互设计当前面临的问题和未来发展的趋势。结论 目前智能座舱交互设计面临着交互性与安全性的矛盾平衡、舱内与舱外的协同交互、智能座舱与其他智慧生活形态的有机连接、智能交互的应用实现等四个主要问题,并呈现出交互模态多元化、复合化,交互方式人性化、情感化,交互设计场景化,交互相关技术日益成熟的发展趋势。     

智能产品设计的系统构建研究

通过对智能系统特点的研究,了解现有智能产品系统的运行过程,构建智能产品设计系统。首先从智能系统的概念出发,构建系统下的智能产品设计模型,通过文献研究,归纳出智能产品设计的系统架构和构成要素,从软硬件两个方面提出智能产品设计下系统架构的感知层、决策层、执行层及构成要素,形成理论基础。以图书馆管理机器人设计为例,结合设计需求搭建图书馆管理机器人系统架构,完成图书馆管理机器人整机设计。通过案例让产品设计师更全面了解智能产品设计的系统构建方式,从而为产品设计师应对智能化的产品设计问题提供可借鉴的理论依据和参考。     

触觉体验引导下的儿童智能玩具交互设计

目的 探究触觉体验引导下的儿童智能玩具交互设计,提升儿童玩具的交互体验。方法 首先,总结市场上儿童智能玩具的功能和交互方式。其次,对触觉体验及儿童触觉体验的相关研究进行整理,研究触觉对儿童成长的重要影响,分析玩具材质的触觉隐性特征、感知积累和行为暗示。结果 提出5个儿童智能玩具交互设计策略：及时清晰的反馈响应、成长式的交互模式设计、隐喻行为的合理引导、触觉载体的技术性优化、全感知式的交互场景搭建。将设计策略应用于具体设计,从实践上挖掘触觉体验在智能玩具上的应用特点。结论 触觉体验是儿童认识和理解世界的重要形式。触觉体验视角下的交互设计策略提高了儿童智能玩具的用户体验,为未来儿童智能玩具交互设计提供了新的思路。     

智能汽车交互界面用户体验评估方法体系综述

目的 对智能汽车人机界面的相关研究进行综述,以总结归纳用户体验评估对象、评估指标和评估方法,从学术的角度建立智能汽车交互界面用户体验评估方法体系。方法 通过系统文献综述,对纳入系统综述的文献进行信息提取,从而得到基础数据;通过总结归纳的方式,进行数据分析。结果 分析了汽车数字化、智能化的发展趋势对汽车交互界面用户体验设计与评估的影响,从评估对象、评估指标、评估方法三个方面总结智能汽车领域用户体验研究进展。提出产品类型以及构成产品的产品要素（物理特征和虚拟要素）两个评估对象维度,基于人机系统优化层次重点阐述了安全、效能、感性体验三类评估指标,基于研究对象、方法属性和质量效率构建三个评估方法维度,为评估方法选择提供参考,并详细分析了不同研究中评估工具的应用。最后总结评估对象、评估指标以及评估方法,形成该领域的方法体系。结论 在智能汽车时代下,技术发展使汽车人机交互界面日趋复杂,用户体验评估被证明有利于提供反馈,以帮助开发者设计和改进产品并完成产品迭代。通过这种方法,可以为车辆开发人员提供有关如何进行成功的用户体验评估所需的理论知识和实践参考。     

家具情感交互设计方法研究

目的 促进人与家具的交互,满足功能实用和情感需求,让用户在家居环境中拥有更加便捷、愉悦的幸福感体验。方法 分析以造作家具为代表的市场现有家具产品的设计元素,归纳情感化交互性家具设计的特点,并总结相应的家具设计中提高情感交互设计的方法,一是审美情趣,主要体现在材料、造型和色彩;二是交互方式,分为物理操作交互和人机智能交互。结论 通过运用情感交互的设计方法,家具设计能够提高用户体验、满足用户心理需求,实现真正的使用者、家具、家居空间之间的的有机融合,进而提升使用者的幸福感。     

基于多模态信息交互的智能家居设计研究

目的 针对界面、语音等单一智能家居交互模式阻碍用户自然体验的瓶颈问题,探索基于多模态信息交互的智能家居设计方法,实现智能家居更自然、友好的用户体验。方法 基于用户日常生活多模态的自然交互特点,探索一种以多模态为特征的智能家居信息交互模式,构建了面向智能家居的多模态信息交互设计框架,并对该框架中的构成要素、交互流程、模态组织方式及多模态信息的注意度、模态密度、模态结构配置进行分析讨论。结果 智能家居多模态信息交互实现了智能家居系统的主动性、交感化信息获取和情境化的信息分析与反馈,对提升智能系统自主性,降低用户在交互过程中的认知负荷,以及实现更加自然、友好的用户体验有积极价值。结论 智能家居环境需要改变传统相对单一的人机系统信息交互方式,以多模态信息交互促进智能家居使用体验的最优化。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...