(CuO, Fe2O3)掺杂Ag/SnO2电接触材料的物理性能

以CuO、Fe_2O_3为掺杂剂,采用机械合金化方法结合冷压-烧结-热压工艺制备(CuO, Fe_2O_3)掺杂Ag/SnO2电接触材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、金属电阻率仪、热导率仪和霍尔效应测量仪等分析了不同掺杂比例Ag/SnO_2电接触材料的微观结构和物理性能。结果表明:热压可显著改善电接触材料中SnO_2颗粒与Ag基体的界面结合;CuO和Fe_2O_3单一掺杂可分别提高Ag/SnO_2电接触材料的导电性能和导热性能,而复合掺杂的Ag-11.5SnO_2-0.3CuO-0.2Fe_2O_3电接触材料的导电导热性能最佳,其电阻率为2.25μΩ·cm,硬度(HV_(0.5))为748MPa,在室温下的热扩散系数和热导率分别为111.4 mm~2/s和338.6 W/(m·K)。复合掺杂的SnO_2增强相对Ag基体的平均润湿角为62.7°,界面润湿效果好;SnO_2与Ag晶粒之间界面结合良好,SnO_2(200)晶面与Ag(111)晶面的界面晶格错配度为14.25%。     

合金元素对Ag/MeO电接触材料电弧侵蚀形貌的影（英文）

通过扫描电镜和三维光学轮廓仪观察Ag/MeO(10)触头在直流19 V、20 A和阻性载荷条件下操作50000次后的电弧侵蚀形貌。结果表明:三维光学轮廓仪可以提供更清晰和详细的表面侵蚀形貌信息。在相同的测试条件下,Ag/SnO_2(10)触头的抗电弧侵蚀性能最强,而Ag/CuO(10)触头的抗电弧侵蚀性能最差。Ag/MeO(10)触头的电弧侵蚀形貌主要有三种类型。Ag/Zn O(10)和Ag/SnO_2(10)的电弧侵蚀形貌主要是液体喷溅和汽化,Ag/CuO(10)和Ag/CdO(10)触头的电弧侵蚀形貌主要是材料从阳极到阴极的转移,而Ag/SnO_2(6)In_2O_3(4)触头的电弧侵蚀形貌则既有液体喷溅和汽化又有材料的转移。此外,讨论不同Ag/MeO(10)触头的电弧形貌的形成过程和机理。     

Ag/SnO2电接触材料的制备及其燃弧特性研究

以Ag粉和自制SnO_2为原料,采用机械合金化和热挤压拉拔工艺制备Ag/SnO_2电接触材料。采用冷压焊工艺设备制备了Ag/SnO_2铆钉元件。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Ag粉、自制SnO_2及Ag/SnO_2复合粉体进行物相分析;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对电寿命测试前后Ag/SnO_2铆钉元件的表面形貌进行了表征。并考察了不同电气参数对Ag/SnO_2铆钉元件的燃弧特性、电弧侵蚀形貌、质量损失及其失效退化模式等特性研究。结果表明:Ag/SnO_2电接触材料在电弧作用下相比于纯Ag表现出更高的燃弧时间和燃弧能量,平均闭合与断开燃弧时间分别为51.78和25.86 ms,比纯Ag多出4.87和2.78 ms;同理,平均闭合、断开燃弧能量分别为988.14和493.85 mJ,比纯Ag高出104.93和58.76mJ;随着循环操作次数的增加,Ag/SnO_2电接触材料的总质量损失为负值,其失效退化模式主要表现为液滴飞溅与SnO_2颗粒上浮。     

应用Fe_2O_3和TiO_2金属热还原进行添加TiB_2和TiC的FeAl/Al_2O_3复合材料的燃烧合成（英文）

通过Fe_2O_3和TiO_2金属热还原自蔓延高温合成(SHS)制备添加TiB_2/Al_2O_3 and TiC/Al_2O_3陶瓷相的铁铝基金属(FeAl)复合材料。反应物粉末包括铝热剂0.6Fe_2O_3+0.6TiO_2+2Al以及元素铁、铝、硼与炭黑。复合材料成分为x FeAl-0.6TiB_2-Al_2O_3 (x=2.0～3.6)和y FeAl-0.6TiC-Al_2O_3(y=1.8～2.75)。当复合材料中FeAl含量增加时,燃烧反应的放热量下降,最终两组燃烧反应的可燃极限分别为x=3.6和y=2.75。根据燃烧波的动力学分析,合成两种FeAl复合材料的反应活化能为Ea=97.1and101.1kJ/mol。从产物的XRD分析可确认生成FeAl/TiB_2/Al_2O_3和FeAl/TiC/Al_2O_3复合材料。SEM显示FeAl为致密多晶结构,而陶瓷成分TiB_2、TiC和Al_2O_3呈微米颗粒状分散于复合材料中。合成的FeAl-TiB_2-Al_2O_3和FeAl-TiC-Al_2O_3复合材料的硬度为12.8～16.6GPa,断裂韧性为7.93～9.84 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

氧化物添加剂对Ag-SnO2电接触材料抗蠕变性能的影响

为研究氧化物添加剂对Ag基电接触材料抗蠕变性能的影响,用粉末冶金法制备了分别含有CuO、WO_3和In_2O_3的Ag-SnO_2材料。室温下对拉伸试样进行蠕变实验,获得蠕变特征曲线及相关参数,构建了Ag-SnO_2材料的蠕变本构方程。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对拉伸断口形貌进行分析,用ABAQUS有限元软件进一步对蠕变行为进行模拟。结果表明:由于SnO_2与Ag基体间的界面强度得到提高,氧化物添加剂可显著增强Ag-SnO_2电接触材料的抗蠕变性能,尤其是CuO添加剂的效果最佳。模拟结果与通过实验获得的蠕变数据基本吻合,误差小于3%。研究结果对预测Ag基电接触材料的蠕变行为及改善力学性能均具有一定参考价值。     

SnO_2颗粒大小对Ag/SnO_2(10)材料组织与性能的影响

采用机械混粉、冷等静压成形、烧结、热挤压、轧制、拉拔、中间热处理等工艺集成的粉末冶金方法制备了3种含有不同平均粒径的SnO_2的Ag/SnO_2(10),探讨了SnO_2颗粒大小对Ag/SnO2(10)显微组织、密度、力学性能和电学性能的影响。结果表明,SnO_2粉末越细,表面活性越高,越容易团聚。脆性相SnO_2在加工过程中有破碎现象。随着SnO_2颗粒尺寸的减少,材料的密度、抗拉强度、硬度和电阻率逐渐上升。     

Ti/Mn(0.8-x)SnxIr0.2O2电极的电容性能研究

采用热分解法制备了Ti/Mn_(0.8-x)SnxIr_0.2O_2三元氧化物电极材料。通过扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱等分析了Ti/Mn_(0.8-x)Sn_xIr_0.2O_2电极材料的组织结构和电容性能。结果表明:随SnO_2含量增加,氧化物涂层中正方结构Mn_3O_4相逐渐减少,正方结构SnO_2相逐渐增加。与锰铱二元氧化物相比,SnO_2的加入可明显改善电极材料在0~0.5 V区间的电流响应,并促进氧化锰活性的发挥,但在一定程度上也抑制了氧化铱的活性。SnO_2的加入也改变了电极材料的电荷转移电阻、弛豫时间常数、以及不同频率下的电容响应速度。相比其它电极材料,Ti/Ir_0.2Mn_0.6Sn_0.2O_2电极材料在低频范围(≤1 Hz)有更好的电容响应和更高的活性,因而获得最高的比电容值。     

青藏高原几种接地网材料在土壤中的腐蚀特性研究

采用失重法、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法研究了紫铜、光圆钢、螺纹钢及镀锌扁铁等几种接地材料在青藏高原土壤中的腐蚀特性。结果表明:除紫铜外,镀锌扁铁的抗腐蚀性最好,腐蚀速率为0.006 mm/a,约为螺纹钢的1/2,螺纹钢耐蚀性最差。光圆钢、螺纹钢腐蚀产物的成分主要是Fe_2O_3及其水化合物Fe_2O_3·nH_2O;镀锌扁铁的主要腐蚀产物为Zn_5(CO_3)_2(OH)_6、Fe_2O_3、ZnO;紫铜的主要腐蚀产物是CuCO_3·Cu(OH)_2、CuO、Cu_2O。     

3d过渡金属掺杂对Bi0.8Ba0.2FeO3陶瓷多铁性能的影响研究

采用传统固相烧结法制备多铁性Bi_(0.8)Ba_(0.2)Fe_(0.9)M_(0.1)O_3(M=Cr,Mn,Ti)陶瓷。X射线衍射图谱(XRD)表明该材料为纯相菱形钙钛矿结构,属于R3c空间点群。铁电测试结果表明,Bi_(0.8)Ba_(0.2)Fe_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)O_3陶瓷具有室温下的最大剩余极化值(2Pr)为0.64μC/cm~2和低频时的最小介电常数值(ε)为140。同时,所有样品的介电常数和介电损耗均随着频率的增加而降低且在高频时趋于稳定。磁性测试结果表明,Bi_(0.8)Ba_(0.2)Fe_(0.9)Mn_(0.1)O_3陶瓷具有室温下的最大剩余磁化值(2Mr)为1.46(A·m~2)/kg。显著的磁极化前后P-E回线变化被观察到,这直接说明了多铁性Bi_(0.8)Ba_(0.2)Fe_(0.9)M_(0.1)O_3(M=Cr,Mn,Ti)陶瓷中存在磁电耦合效应,且Bi_(0.8)Ba_(0.2)Fe_(0.9)Cr_(0.1)O_3样品具有最显著的磁电耦合效应值为5.8 m J/cm~3。     

Cu含量对Ag/LSCO电接触材料物理性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法辅以高能球磨工艺合成Cu粉体改性La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO_3-δ(LSCO)粉体,用粉末冶金工艺结合热挤压技术制备了系列Cu改性Ag/LSCO电接触材料与成品丝,研究了Cu粉体对改性Ag/LSCO材料界面润湿性、物理力学性能等影响规律。结果表明,随着Cu含量的增加,改性Ag/LSCO-x Cu (x=0、1、2、4、6、8)电接触材料的电阻率呈先增加后减小的趋势,与Ag和LSCO基底的润湿角变化趋势相一致,但其密度和硬度性能变化趋势相反;当Cu含量为4%时,Ag和LSCO-4Cu基底的润湿角达最小值55.0°,相应的成品丝(φ2.35 mm)性能最佳：电阻率2.29μ?·cm,硬度(HV_0.3)946.7 MPa,密度9.73 g/cm³,断后延伸率3.9%,为纯Ag/LSCO的3.9倍。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

二维ZnO/ Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性

表面建造是提高半导体光催化活性的一种有效方法。本文利用Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5的区域表面又生长出BiVO4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400~600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光（波长大于420 nm）进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi3.9Zn0.4V1.7O10.5异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

Gd3+掺杂La2Mo2O9的相稳定性及热导率

La2Mo2O9具有极低的热导率,但其在580℃左右会发生α-β相变,严重影响其性能和应用。本实验以Gd203掺杂La2Mo2O9制备了一系列La2-xGdxMo2O9 (x=0.0~0.5)固溶体,研究了掺杂Gd3+对La2Mo2O9相稳定性和热导率的影响。结果表明,随着Gd3+掺杂量的增加,相变得到有效抑制,当x≥0.2时样品以β相存在。样品的热导率随Gd3+掺杂量的增加先减小后增加,室温下在x=0.2时达到最低,此后缓慢上升,但所有样品的热导率均小于1 W/(m·K)。     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.