不同成熟期“北春”越橘花色苷含量及抗氧化研究

为充分开发利用越橘属植物资源,确定适宜采收期,分别采收绿白期、粉熟期、亮蓝期、后熟期的越橘栽培品种"北春",对四个不同成熟期的果实进行花色苷含量及体外抗氧化活性研究,并对越橘果实中糖酸含量与花色苷含量进行了相关性分析。结果表明,随着果实的成熟,花色苷含量逐渐增加,且在亮蓝期达到最高150.54mg/100g;果实的花色苷含量与糖酸比呈正相关;4个不同成熟期的"北春"果实花色苷均有良好的抗氧化活性,且花色苷的抗氧化活性与其含量呈正相关,亮蓝期"北春"越橘的还原能力、抗脂质过氧化能力、清除羟自由基能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力和清除DPPH自由基能力均最高,且其抗脂质过氧化能力、清除羟自由基的能力均高于抗坏血酸。     

浸提法、超声波法和微波法提取紫薯花色苷的抗氧化性比较研究

本实验通过羟自由基（·OH）清除率、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除率、还原力、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）清除率、总抗氧化性和金属螯合能力6 个抗氧化测定方法对浸提法、微波辅助提取法和超声波辅助提取法提取的紫薯花色苷的抗氧化活性进行了综合评价。结果表明：除金属螯合能力较弱外,其余5 种抗氧化活性检测结果均表明紫薯花色苷具有一定的抗氧化能力,且5 种抗氧化活性检测结果一致性地表明微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法和浸提法提取的紫薯花色苷抗氧化能力依次降低,它们都总体表现为对·OH、DPPH自由基、O2－·的清除能力较强,还原力和总抗氧化性次之,金属螯合能力最差;采用超声波或微波辅助提取有助于保持提取的紫薯花色苷的抗氧化活性,且微波辅助提取法效果最好;对紫薯花色苷抗氧化活性的检测和判定可以·OH、DPPH自由基和O2－·清除能力作为主要指标。     

笃斯越橘花色苷抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究笃斯越橘花色苷的体外抗氧化活性、作用于肿瘤细胞后细胞内抗氧化酶的活性以及氧化产物的含量。方法:采用分光光度法、水杨酸比色法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、硫代硫酸钠滴定法、铁氰化钾还原法测定对DPPH·、·OH、O-2·、H2O2的清除能力以及总还原能力,采用试剂盒测定GSH-PX、CAT、SOD的活性和MDA的含量。结果:笃斯越橘花色苷清除DPPH·的能力略大于VC,清除其他三种自由基的能力和总还原能力都小于VC,并且作用于肿瘤细胞后,细胞内GSH-PX、CAT、SOD的活性都随笃斯越橘花色苷浓度的升高而减少,具有一定的量效关系,而细胞内MDA的含量随笃斯越橘花色苷浓度的升高而增加,呈线性关系。结论:笃斯越橘花色苷的体外抗氧化活性较强,并对肿瘤细胞内抗氧化酶的活性和氧化产物的含量具有一定影响。     

稠李属3种果实花色苷的抗氧化活性

对稠李属3种果实浸提得到的花色苷抗氧化活性进行了比较。采用羟自由基(.OH)清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、总还原能力来评价稠李属3种果实花色苷的抗氧化活性,并采用VC作对照。结果表明:稠李属3种果实的花色苷对.OH、ABTS、DPPH有较强的清除能力,且抗氧化活性均随样品浓度升高而增强,呈明显的量效关系,在试选范围内清除效果均低于VC对照组。但当稠李及山桃稠李的质量浓度大于0.04 mg/mL时,其还原能力强于VC对照组。3种果实花色苷中,抗氧化活性从大到小依次为稠李>山桃稠李>紫叶稠李。     

笃斯越橘产品花色苷抗氧化活性评价

对笃斯越橘不同产品花色苷的抗氧化活性进行了研究。首先用60%乙醇提取笃斯越橘产品花色苷,再用AB-8大孔树脂分离,pH示差法测定花色苷含量,最后采用.OH和DPPH.体系对笃斯越橘产品的抗氧化活性和规律性进行了测定和比较。结果表明,花色苷的抗氧化活性和花色苷含量成显著正相关。果酱类产品中花色苷含量最高;不同笃斯越橘产品中花色苷抗氧化能力不同。清除.OH的IC50最小的为8.83μg/mL,最大的为43.24μg/mL;清除DPPH.的IC50最小的为10.48μg/mL,最大的为20.40μg/mL。     

烘焙条件对小粒黑豆中抗氧化组分及抗氧化活性的影响

小粒黑豆的抗氧化作用与其所含有的酚类、花色苷的含量等密切相关,而这些物质在加工过程中会受温度和时间的影响而发生变化。实验以盐池黑豆、府谷小黑豆两种小粒黑豆为材料,分析烘焙处理对其总酚、花色苷含量、总抗氧化能力及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）清除能力的影响。结果表明,烘焙对小粒黑豆的抗氧化活性有显著影响,200 ℃条件下烘焙后的总酚含量显著高于100、150 ℃,150 ℃的总酚含量最低;总花色苷含量随着烘焙温度的升高、处理时间的延长而显著减少;·OH清除作用随着烘焙温度的升高而显著降低;烘焙样品的O2－·清除作用显著低于未烘焙样品（P＜0.05）。盐池黑豆、府谷小黑豆的总酚含量、总抗氧化能力以及DPPH自由基、O2－·的清除作用在150 ℃时最低。200 ℃条件下烘焙30 min,盐池黑豆的总酚含量、总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除率最高;府谷小黑豆在200 ℃条件下烘焙40 min,其总酚含量最高,而100 ℃条件下烘焙20 min时的花色苷含量、总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除率最高。     

不同北高丛蓝莓品种的抗氧化成分及其抗氧化活性

以蓝金、日出、塞拉、柳叶4个北高丛蓝莓品种为试验材料,对它们的总花色苷、可溶性多糖、Vc以及还原型谷胱甘肽等4种抗氧化物质的含量进行了测定,并测试了代表抗氧化活性的DPPH自由基清除能力和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,同时分析比较了4种抗氧化物质与DPPH自由基清除能力之间的相关性关系。研究表明:总花色苷含量、Vc含量以及还原型谷胱甘肽含量与DPPH自由基清除能力间存在显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。4个品种中柳叶的总花色苷含量、Vc含量、还原型谷胱甘肽含量以及DPPH自由基清除能力均显著高于其他3个品种(P<0.05),说明柳叶品种的抗氧化性最强。     

不同品种蓝莓酚类物质组成特征及抗氧化能力比较分析

以高丛、矮丛、兔眼蓝莓为研究对象,比较了其总酚、花色苷、原花色素、单体酚以及抗氧化力差异。超高效液相色谱检测结果表明,绿原酸为3种蓝莓中含量最多的酚酸;表没食子儿茶素是高丛蓝莓和兔眼蓝莓含量最丰富的黄烷醇,表儿茶素没食酸酯则是矮丛蓝莓含量最高的黄烷醇;在3种蓝莓中含量最高的黄酮醇均为芦丁;矮丛蓝莓单体酚总量显著高于高丛蓝莓和兔眼蓝莓。抗氧化分析结果则表明,无论从DPPH、ABTS还是FRAP测定结果来看,矮丛蓝莓均具有最强的抗氧化能力。相关性分析结果表明,3种蓝莓总酚、总花色苷和原花色素含量均与抗氧化能力存在明显的正相关性。     

显齿蛇葡萄种皮中花色苷及多糖体外抗氧化活性评价

研究显齿蛇葡萄种皮中花色苷及多糖的体外抗氧化活性。分别采用p H示差法、紫外可见光分光光度法测定花色苷含量、多糖含量;考察花色苷、多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力。结果显示花色苷和多糖对DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值顺序为多糖(0.06 mg/m L)花色苷(0.09 mg/m L)VC(0.15 mg/m L);·OH、O_2~-·和DPPH·的IC_(50)与花色苷含量之间的相关系数分别为-0.987(p0.05)、-0.958(p0.05)和-0.995(p0.01),而与多糖含量不显著相关。因此,显齿蛇葡萄种皮花色苷及多糖均具有较好的清除DPPH自由基能力,尤其是多糖的清除能力最强;花色苷含量及其清除DPPH自由基活性之间呈极显著相关性(p0.01)。     

pH、温度对笃斯越橘花色苷粗提物抗氧化活性的影响

以大兴安岭地区野生笃斯越橘成果为原料,通过清除DPPH·能力、清除OH·能力、清除ABTS+·能力以及FRAP法测定总还原能力,对笃斯越桔粗提物在不同条件下的抗氧活性进行分析,实验结果表明,笃斯越橘花色苷提取物在pH1时表现出较好的抗氧化能力,其后随pH升高,各指标抗氧化活性有明显下降,但在清除DPPH·能力中,pH5时抗氧化活性出现明显升高,大于8后无法判断;在清除OH·能力中,pH5、10处出现峰值;清除ABTS+·能力中,pH8、10处有明显升高;在FRAP法测定总还原能力中,pH7、9处有明显峰值出现.笃斯越橘花色苷粗提物随温度的升高,抗氧化活性均有一定的下降,但在FRAP法测总还原能力中,当pH大于7后,随pH的升高,经过100℃水浴后的粗提物抗氧化活性逐渐升高,高于60℃及80℃.     

越橘提取物中花青素分析及其体外抗氧化活性

研究越橘提取物中花青素的组成与含量及其体外抗氧化活性。实验采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用法对越橘提取物中的花青素组成进行鉴定,并以矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷为标准品测定了花青素的含量。以V_C为对照,测定越橘提取物对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力和还原力。结果表明,越橘提取物中含有14种花青素,包括飞燕草素、矢车菊素、矮牵牛素、芍药素和锦葵素类;越橘提取物中花青素的总含量为408.74 μg/mg,其中,矢车菊素类花青素含量最高,为159.93 μg/mg,占总含量的39.12%;体外抗氧化实验表明,越橘提取物的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和羟基自由基清除能力的IC₅₀分别为26.16、13.07、1.91 mg/mL,还原力在浓度为250 μg/mL时达到0.617。本研究为越橘的开发利用提供一定理论与数据基础。     

不同品种紫肉甘薯抗氧化能力及花色苷成分分析

以广东地区9?个不同品种的紫肉甘薯为研究对象,评价紫肉甘薯抗氧化能力,并对花色苷的组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明：不同品种紫肉甘薯,总酚含量和抗氧化能力也不尽相同,其中广紫9的总酚含量为578?mg?GAE/100?g,清除2,2’-联氮基-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（2,2’-amino-di (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline sulphonic acid-6) ammonium salt,ABTS）自由基能力、氧自由基吸收能力、还原能力分别为4.36、10.38、11.23?μmol?TE/g,均高于其他品种的紫肉甘薯。通过高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法共鉴定出16?种花色苷,包括8?种矢车菊素类和8?种芍药素类。紫肉甘薯花色苷含量在77.17～1?125.06?mg/kg之间,以广紫9含量最高,花色苷主要以酰基化的形式存在,其含量是非酰化的89?倍,酰基化程度明显高于其他品种。综上所述,不同品种紫肉甘薯具有不同的抗氧化能力,其花色苷含量与结构也有较大差异,其中广紫9花色苷含量最高,抗氧化能力最强。     

Comparison of polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of wild Italian blueberries and some cultivated varieties

Four varieties of cultivated blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) and a wild crop (Vaccinium miyrtillus) originating form the Modena region in Italy (Mirtillo nero dell’Appennino Modenese) and protected by the mark of origin, were examined in order to determine their antioxidant activity as related to their phenolic composition. The antioxidant activity was measured as radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing activity, and by an amperometric method; the total phenolics and total anthocyanins were determined by colorimetric methods; individual anthocyanins were evaluated by HPLC. Results showed that total phenolics and total anthocyanin concentrations were, respectively two fold and three fold higher in the wild fruits, which also had a higher anthocyanin-to-total phenolic ratio. Determination of individual anthocyanins put in evidence some differences between the cultivated and wild varieties, in particular the absence of acylated anthocyanins in wild blueberries. The antioxidant activity was much higher in wild blueberries than in the cultivated ones, and it was more related to the total phenolic rather that to the anthocyanin concentration.     

吉林靖宇地区4个蓝莓品种酿酒特性研究

为探究吉林靖宇地区“北陆”“、普蓝51号”“、美登”“、北春”4个蓝莓品种的酿酒特性,对其3个形态指标、9个理化指标进行测定,运用相关性分析与主成分分析（PCA）方法对蓝莓酿酒特性进行综合评价。结果表明,不同品种间各项指标存在差异与相关性“,北春”果粒稍小,可溶性固形物和单宁含量显著高于其他3个品种（P<0.05）、总酸含量显著低于其他3个品种（P<0.05）,固酸比最高,达到52.2。对蓝莓果实及酒指标进行主成分分析,影响酒质的主要指标依次为果实总酸、酒单宁、果实可溶性固形物、酒总花色苷及酒总酸含量5个指标,对不同蓝莓品种酿酒品质相关性状进行综合得分分析并进行排名,表明蓝莓品种“北春”得分最高,酿造的酒品质最好。     

利用HPLC-DAD-ESI/IT-TOF/MSn 分析不同品种蓝莓果实的花青素结构

以6种不同品种的蓝莓果实(埃利奥特、爱国者、北蓝、北陆、杜克、蓝丰)为原料,利用甲醇水溶液提取蓝莓中的花青素。用二极管阵列-高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱飞行时间串联多级质谱仪(High performance liquid chromatography-electric spray four pole flight time series multipolar mass spectrometer,HPLC-DAD-ESI/IT-TOF/MSn)及紫外可见光谱及多级质谱数据对得到的6种不同品种的蓝莓花青素结构进行鉴定和对比。结果表明,6种蓝莓果实中共鉴定出13种花青素类化合物,苷元分别为锦葵色素、花翠素、矢车菊素、牵牛花色素、芍药素。其中埃利奥特蓝莓检测到11种花青素,爱国者10种,北蓝7种,北陆12种,杜克9种,蓝丰6种。从花青素结构上分析,6种蓝莓均可检测到带糖配基的锦葵色素-3-O-半乳糖、不连接糖苷的花翠素及矢车菊素;不同的蓝莓品种间所含有的花青素种类、个数、结构等均有明显差异。本研究为快速获取蓝莓中花青素的结构信息提供一定的理论支撑。     

High performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthocyanins in bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and corresponding juices

In the present study the anthocyanin content of commercially available bilberry juices and fresh fruits were quantified by using 15 authentic anthocyanin standards via high performance liquid chromatography with an ultra-violet detector (HPLC-UV/VIS). Delphinidin-3-O-glucopyranoside, delphinidin-3-O-galactopyranoside, and cyanidin-3-O-arabinopyranoside were the major anthocyanins found in juices, nectar, and fresh bilberries. In contrast, fresh blueberries had higher concentrations of malvidin-3-O-arabinopyranoside and petunidin-3-O-galactopyranoside. Up to 438 mg anthocyanins per 100 g fresh weight (2762 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)) were detected in blueberries from various sources, whereas bilberries contained a maximum of 1017 mg anthocyanins per 100 g fresh weight (7465 mg/100 g DW). Commercially available bilberry and blueberry juices (n= 9) as well as nectars (n= 4) were also analyzed. Anthocyanin concentrations of juices (1610 mg/L to 5963 mg/L) and nectar from bilberries (656 mg/L to 1529 mg/L) were higher than those of blueberry juices (417 mg/L) and nectar (258 mg/L to 386 mg/L). We conclude that using several authentic anthocyanin references to quantify anthocyanin contents indicated them to be up to 53% and 64% higher in fresh bilberries and blueberries, respectively, than previously reported using cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. This study has also demonstrated that commercially available juices produced from bilberries contain much higher anthocyanin concentrations than those from blueberries. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We have investigated the contents of a special class of antioxidants, namely anthocyanins in blueberry and billberry fruits and juices commercially available in Germany. To achieve reliable data we have used authentic standards for the first time. We think that our results are important in the field of nutritional intake of this important class of polyphenols and fruit juice companies get a closer insight in the occurrence of these antioxidants in market samples to be used in food composition databases and for nutritional survey.     

Jam Processing Effect on Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity in Anthocyanin-rich Fruits: Cherry, Plum, and Raspberry

ABSTRACT: Four cultivars of sour cherries (Balaton, Karneol, Kroeker and Northstar), 2 cultivars of plums (BY 8158.50 and Methley), and 1 red raspberry cv. Prelude were analyzed for total phenolics, antioxidant capacity, and total anthocyanins before and after jam production to evaluate their changes after thermal processing. Fruits had total phenolics ranging from 245.7 to 398.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g. Antioxidant capacity of fruits ranged from 354.8 to 692.3 mg/100 g, expressed as vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC). Total anthocyanins of fruits ranged from 30.9 to 67.1 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent (CGE)/100 g. In 100 g of jam, total phenolics varied from 132.9 to 218.9 mg GAE, while antioxidant capacity ranged from 205.6 to 373.5 mg/100 g VCEAC. Jams had total anthocyanins of 5.4 to 30.4 mg CGE/100 g. On the basis of fresh fruit (100 g), the processing and heating during jam making generally decreased the contents of total phenolics, VCEAC, and total anthocyanins. Major losses occurred in anthocyanin content where overall retention varied from 89% to 21%. HPLC analysis of individual anthocyanins from cherry cv. Balaton to its jam showed that processing caused 90% decrease in anthocyanins. The results indicated that more than 73% total phenolics and more than 65% antioxidant capacity were retained after processing fruits into jams. Optimization of food processing would help to conserve the bioactive phenolic compounds in fruits.     

野生蓝莓酒皮渣花色苷及其抗氧化活性研究

该研究比较了蒸馏前后野生蓝莓酒皮渣中的总酚及花色苷含量、花色苷单体的组成和抗氧化活性。结果表明,蓝莓酒皮渣中总花色苷含量为（8.64±0.13） mg/g,总酚含量为（77.24±1.42） mg/g,抗氧化活性为Trolox当量浓度（3.59±0.11） μmol/g;单体花色苷含量较多的是二甲花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（29.90%）、3′-甲基花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（21.31%）和花翠素-3-O-葡萄糖苷（20.44%）。蒸馏后,皮渣中的总酚及花色苷含量分别下降为（68.11±1.20） mg/g和（5.05±0.09） mg/g,其单体降解率变化在21.64%～43.47%。其中,二甲花翠素-3,5-O-二葡萄糖苷稳定性最差,降解率为43.47%;花青素-3-O-葡萄糖苷较为稳定,降解率为21.64%;Trolox当量浓度下降为（3.07±0.07） μmol/g,皮渣抗氧化能力也降低了14.64%。因此,野生蓝莓果酒发酵产生的皮渣具有较高的利用价值,开发时应尽量避免高温处理。     

Bioavailability of a bilberry anthocyanin extract and its impact on plasma antioxidant capacity in rats

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites from the flavonoid family, frequently found in fruits and vegetables. They have been shown to possess beneficial health effects and various in vitro assays have highlighted their powerful antioxidant capacity. However, little is known about their metabolism after digestion and their antioxidant potency in vivo. The aim of this work was to evaluate anthocyanin bioavailability and to determine the impact of an anthocyanin‐rich diet on plasma antioxidant status in rats. Animals were fed for 8 days with a vitamin E‐deficient diet supplemented with a bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) anthocyanin extract providing daily 1.43 mmol anthocyanins kg^?1 body weight. An anthocyanin‐enriched diet significantly enhanced the plasma antioxidant capacity compared with a control diet (P < 0.0001). Moreover, anthocyanins were recovered in urine in the intact glycosidic forms in addition to unknown metabolites. Urinary excretion of bilberry anthocyanins and their metabolites was 0.71 ± 0.08 µmol per 24 h (ie 0.22% of the ingested dose). Anthocyanins and their corresponding aglycones were detected in caecal contents. After a single oral administration of the bilberry extract, native anthocyanins quickly (30 min) appeared in plasma. Hence, in spite of a low bioavailability, bilberry anthocyanin extract consumption has a positive effect on plasma antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry