汽车转向节热锻工艺分析及模具结构优化设计

目的以某皮卡转向节的热锻模具为研究对象,基于热锻成形工艺分析对其模具结构进行优化设计。方法采用DEFORM 3D模拟转向节热锻成形过程,获得金属流动的规律,得到锻件难以充填的原因。继而采用阻力墙结构改进模具,并分析阻力墙对转向节成形过程的影响。结果原始模具长叉外围桥口阻力太小,致使预锻和终锻时长叉处金属过早流向飞边,坯料补给不足,导致长叉未能完全充满,形成塌角。结论"大小台阶"式阻力墙相配合,可以合理设置各方向上的成形阻力,使金属变形均匀,并能在保证成形载荷波动不大的前提下获得较好的充填效果,解决了长叉充不满的问题。     

阀盖模锻成形模拟分析与试验验证

目的 某型号不锈钢阀盖是一种典型的长肋条内空型零件,在模锻制造过程中,阀盖锻件容易出现不同程度的折叠和裂纹缺陷,亟需改进成形工艺以提升合格率.方法 采用有限元方法分析坯料在制坯/预锻/终锻全流程的金属流动规律和终锻件成形质量,得到最佳成形工艺方案.结果 方坯在后续成形时易产生横向流动,且局部充型不饱满;六边型坯在预成形和终成形时流动均匀、横向流动小,且有效抑制了充型不饱满缺陷;预制坯在过渡区长度过短,产生了折叠缺陷;采用六边形坯料和增加过渡区长度可以获得无缺陷阀体锻件.结论 采用新工艺制备的阀盖锻件合格率达到了100％,通过全流程工艺分析,能够得到金属流线规律,进而优化模锻成形方案,改善成形质量.     

连杆无飞边锻造工艺及模具系统研究

目的研究连杆无飞边锻造工艺,以及闭模锻造过程中中间工序件的设计和所需的模具系统。方法通过建立有限元模型,分析连杆的预锻和终锻过程中金属流动长度、成形载荷和模具寿命,为模具设计提供数据支持。结果数值模拟结果表明金属充模效果良好;连杆大端主要在预锻中成形,而连杆小端和杆部主要在终锻中成形;预锻和终锻的最大成形载荷分别为437 t和850 t;连杆大端的模腔圆角为模具失效危险区。结论通过辊锻制坯、预锻分配物料和终锻精密成形,实现了连杆的无飞边锻造。     

一种挖掘机斗齿多向精密成形工艺研究

目的研究挖掘机斗齿多向精密锻造成形工艺。方法根据挖掘机斗齿的结构特点,设计一种多向精密成形工艺方案。使用Deform-3D有限元分析软件对提出的工艺方案进行模拟,分析锻造过程中的载荷-行程曲线和金属流动规律,最后设计模具并进行工艺试验。结果通过数值模拟与工艺试验,获得了成形过程中的工艺参数,揭示了挖掘机斗齿多向精密成形过程的变形规律。结论提出的多向精密成形工艺方案成形挖掘机斗齿没有超出模具的许用应力范围,工艺试验获得的锻件充填饱满,无锻造缺陷。     

6700 转向直臂成形过程设计及微观组织预测

通过对锻件结构的分析,设计了辊锻制坯+终锻的生产工艺。 运用有限元分析技术,通过对比分析,重点研究了新过程终锻成形时金属流动情况、等效应力应变分布,并对锻件的晶粒度进行了预测。 通过对锻件成形、载荷及质量等的综合评定表明,新的生产工艺在改善锻件质量、提高材料利用率与模具寿命等方面具有明显优势。     

铝合金空调压缩机斜盘闭式模锻成形数值模拟研究

目的 探索不同结构模具下斜盘的成形过程,解决斜盘圆环棱角易充填不满的缺陷问题.方法 利用Deform对斜盘在无冲孔连皮及单向/双向冲孔连皮模具下的成形过程进行数值模拟分析,根据模拟结果选择最优模具结构并进行实验验证.结果 在斜盘成形阶段,载荷缓慢上升,金属稳定流动充填大部分模腔.在斜盘整形阶段,载荷快速上升,金属将斜盘圆环棱角充填完整,在圆环棱角处形成应力集中.双向冲孔连皮成形能有效降低成形载荷(从340 t到250 t),且其应力集中及损伤较大区域可经机加工完全去除,为最优的成形方式,其模拟结果与实验结果相符合.结论 经实验验证双向冲孔连皮模具结构为成形斜盘的最优方式.     

汽车空调压缩机驱动盘冷挤压的 Deform 模拟

采用冷挤压工艺成形汽车空调压缩机驱动盘。用Deform-3D软件对冷挤压过程进行数值模拟,分析了冷挤压成形过程金属流动、等效应变和速度分布等规律。结果表明,用冷挤压工艺成形驱动盘,成形载荷小,充填效果好,材料利用率较高。     

轮毂轴管终锻成形模拟研究

根据某规格汽车轮毂轴管零件的形状尺寸特点,设计了预锻毛坯和2种终锻成形方案,并对所制定的2种终锻方案进行了工艺和模拟分析。2种方案的模拟结果显示,顺序成形过程稳定,变形只局限于端部;一次镦粗变形不局限于变形的端部,在变形结束时有少量金属流入杆部,这将会使端部缺料和杆部出现折叠和缩径缺陷。顺序成形可改善模具的受力状况,成形力有所降低,提高了模具寿命。根据力-行程曲线,应严格控制变形部位金属的体积,实现小飞边精密锻造,避免成形力在成形最后阶段急剧增大,以致损坏模具和设备。     

铝合金控制臂辊锻制坯模锻工艺数值模拟

针对控制臂现阶段模锻成形工艺工序多,生产率低,劳动强度大等缺点,提出辊锻制坯一模锻成形工艺,设计辊锻制坯各道次的尺寸参数,用数值模拟代替物理试验预测金属成形过程。通过对控制臂辊锻成形过程的数值模拟,并对辊锻后坯料进行弯曲、终锻成形,获得较好的锻件,为指导此锻件的生产实践提供了理论依据。     

盘类锻件成形过程变形模式的模块化分析

针对塑性体积成形过程复杂且金属流动行为难于分析的现状,从塑性加工力学角度,首次将复杂盘类锻件模锻成形过程的不同阶段和区域抽象分解为圆柱压缩、圆环压缩和类挤压3个基本变形模式,使盘类锻件模锻问题的分析模块化.抽象构造出三维复杂构件模型,针对模锻成形过程的不同阶段和区域,利用基本变形模式的成形规律对其进行深入分析,给出了耦合成形过程中金属变形及流动的规律,及不同模腔内金属流动分界面的形状和塑性区的分布特征.通过深入分析不同变形模式及互相耦合流动行为,揭示了盘类构件模锻成形过程中金属的变形流动规律,为盘类锻件精确塑性成形的变形流动控制提供理论据.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...