固定化乳酸菌制备酸奶

通过游离乳酸菌和固定化乳酸菌的凝乳实验，证明固定化乳酸菌适合制备酸奶。乳酸发酵体系的单一因素和正交实验确定了发酵制备酸奶的最佳工艺条件：每100mL牛乳中添加20g固定化乳酸菌；添加8％(质量分数)蔗糖；培养温度42℃。     

固定化乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶工艺研究

研究用海藻酸钠包埋乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶工艺.研究结果表明固定化乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶的最佳工艺条件为:海藻酸钠溶液浓度为1.5%,含菌种脱脂乳用量为6mL/100mL海藻酸钠溶液,胶珠的添加量为100mL海藻酸钠溶液/100 mL草莓奶液,胶珠直径为2 mm～3 mm,培养温度为40℃,白砂糖添加量为10%,草莓浆添加量15%.连续发酵结果表明固定化乳酸菌发酵草莓酸奶可连续使用10次.     

覆盆子酸奶的研制

以牛乳和覆盆子干果为主要原料研制凝固型酸奶。通过单因素和正交试验确定其最佳工艺参数。结果表明,制作覆盆子酸奶的最佳工艺条件为乳酸菌混合菌剂接种量5 g/100 mL、覆盆子添加量1 g/100 mL、糖添加量7 g/100 mL、42～44 ℃发酵5.5 h。在此条件下可制得营养丰富、口感香甜的覆盆子酸奶。     

固定化乳酸菌发酵大豆酸乳研究

用1．2％的海藻酸钠与1．5％聚乙烯醇，分别加10mL乳酸菌（约10^10/mL）制备保加利亚杆菌固定化球（C）和嗜热链球菌固定化球（D），C：D最佳比为2：1，置待发酵大豆乳原料中前发酵培养20min，然后将含乳酸菌的大豆乳于40℃进行主发酵培养3h-4h，再置于8℃－10℃后发酵约12h即成酸豆乳。固定化乳酸菌球连续发酵40h，固定化球破损率低于30％。按4．0g/kg大豆加混合碱，在25℃浸泡7h-9h，热水磨浆后煮沸2min，可获满意脱腥豆浆。     

变温发酵法生产双歧杆菌大豆酸奶的研究

根据乳酸菌和双歧杆菌的最适发酵温度存在差异的特点,进行变温发酵试验,生产双歧杆菌大豆酸奶.采用正交试验优化配方及发酵工艺条件,并测定其双歧杆菌活菌数.试验结果表明,在40℃下发酵4 h,然后降温到37℃发酵2.5 h,主发酵完成后在4℃条件下后发酵24 h.最终产品双歧杆菌活菌数达107个/mL,较同一配方恒温发酵产品增加了100倍.     

榛子酸奶的研制

榛子酸奶是以榛子为原料,经乳酸菌发酵制成的一种营养丰富、风味独特的乳酸制品。采用正交试验设计,确定出其最佳工艺配方为:榛子100g、水800mL、奶粉24g、白砂糖56g、蒸馏单甘酯1.6g、稳定剂3.2g、发酵时间3h、后熟时间12h。     

酸马奶中乳酸菌与酵母菌的共生发酵特性

对内蒙古锡盟地区酸马奶中分离出的1株乳酸菌和1株酵母菌进行混合培养,初步确定双菌混合发酵的最佳培养条件：双菌发酵计数乳酸菌活菌数的最佳发酵温度为30℃摇床培养12h再转到37℃静置培养,最佳发酵时间为20h,脱脂乳中添加的营养成分最优配方为蛋白胨1g/100mL、蔗糖0.5g/100mL、酵母浸粉0.5g/100mL;双菌发酵计数酵母菌活菌数的最佳发酵温度为37℃静置培养8h再转到30℃摇床培养,最佳发酵时间为32h,脱脂乳中添加的营养成分最优配方为蛋白胨0.5g/100mL、蔗糖0.5g/100mL、酵母浸粉0.5g/100mL;选用乳酸菌与酵母菌质量比1:1作为菌种配比。 同时在最佳生长条件下探讨乳酸菌与酵母菌的相互作用关系以及后发酵对二者共生作用的影响,结果表明,促进乳酸菌生长的活性物质生成的时间为12h以前(即将酵母菌在5号配方中30℃摇床培养),促进酵母菌生长的活性物质生成的时间应为16h以前(即将乳酸菌在1号配方中37℃静置培养),在后发酵过程中,乳酸菌与酵母菌双菌培养的活菌数都极显著高于单菌培养(P＜0.01)。     

乳酸菌UV_3-9包埋固定化技术发酵产共轭亚油酸

采用包埋法将乳酸菌UV3-9固定化处理后,对该固定化乳酸菌小球进行了发酵生产共轭亚油酸(CLA)的研究。结果显示,固定化小球的最佳直径为2～3 mm,固定化小球在氯化钙和硼酸混合液中需浸泡过夜;固定后的小球发酵产CLA最佳条件为:发酵温度37℃,初始pH 6.5,发酵时间28 h,底物LA添加量为0.3%,CLA最大产量达到92.061μg/mL。该固定化乳酸菌小球已完成了7批次的共轭亚油酸发酵,其产量均在80.476μg/mL以上。而且固定化UV3-9的CLA发酵产量是游离UV3-9的1.28倍。     

凝固型火棘金樱子酸奶的研制

以火棘、金樱子与乳粉为主要原料,经酸奶发酵剂发酵,制成风味独特、营养丰富的保健酸奶。由对比试验选用直投式发酵剂为生产菌种,通过正交试验,优化出火棘金樱子酸奶最佳发酵工艺条件为:30 mL/100 mL果汁混合液中,添加量12 g/100 mL乳粉和7 g/100 mL白砂糖,配以0.20 g/100 mL复合稳定剂,接入3 mL/100 mL的酸乳发酵菌剂,在40℃下发酵8 h,后发酵时间为24 h。     

响应面法优化胡萝卜膳食纤维酸奶工艺北大核心CSCD

将胡萝卜水溶性膳食纤维以不同比例加入酸奶中,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法,优化膳食纤维添加量、接种量、发酵时间及发酵温度的工艺参数。结果表明,胡萝卜水溶性膳食纤维能促进乳酸菌的生长,添加胡萝卜水溶性膳食纤维前后乳酸菌活菌数分别为2.6×10~7和4.3×10~8mL^(-1),一定范围内降低酸奶的pH值,增加酸奶的持水力和黏度,并改善酸奶的组织状态。胡萝卜膳食纤维酸奶的最佳工艺参数为胡萝卜水溶性膳食纤维添加量2.17%,乳酸菌接种量3.46%,发酵温度42.3℃,发酵时间6h。该条件下制得的酸奶,香味浓郁,质地均匀,口感爽滑细腻。     

凝固型蜂蜜酸奶发酵工艺条件对还原糖转化率的影响

本实验探索了发酵时间、发酵温度和初始pH值对蜂蜜酸奶还原糖转化率的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了最佳的发酵工艺参数。结果表明:在蜂蜜8%、脱脂奶粉10%、按1:1接入保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,总接种量为2%的基本条件下,当发酵时间为4h、发酵温度为42℃、初始pH值为6.8时,原料中还原糖转化率达到36.18%。     

Simulation modelling of bacterial growth in yoghurt

INDISIM, an individual-based simulator, was used to specifically study the influence of the shape and size of Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus in yoghurt processing. To this effect, two different sets of simulations were carried out. In the first set of simulations, it was assumed that the initial acidity of the medium has the same value as the acidity of the cytoplasm of the microorganisms. Hence, the differences in bacterial growth by the two species are only attributable to differences in their geometry. It was found that, in an optimum culture, the growth in biomass of S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus is larger than that of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. An important factor for understanding this difference might be the larger mass-to-surface ratio of the former. In the second set of simulations, a simplified model of yoghurt, the parametrisation differs both in the geometry and the metabolism of the two species. The results of these simulations are in very good qualitative agreement with the experimental data of [Lait 69 (1989) 519]. Finally, by inhibiting the uptake of amino acids by S. salivarius subsp. thermophilus, the large relative importance of lactic acid in yoghurt processing was highlighted.     

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种共生关系的研究进展

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是组成酸奶发酵剂的主要菌种,在长期共处于牛乳环境的过程中形成多种协同共生关系。这些协同共生关系赋予发酵剂菌株产酸快、黏度高、活性物质丰富等优良性能,同时对酸奶品质产生重要影响。该文旨在从营养供给、抵抗环境胁迫及酸奶品质改良等方面讨论两菌的协同共生关系,为提高发酵剂菌株活力及酸奶品质提供理论指导。     

优选保加利亚乳杆菌发酵特性的测定

对实验室研究较为成熟的4株保加利亚乳杆菌进行发酵产酸、后酸化测定,同时对单菌株发酵、与嗜热链球菌组合发酵制备的酸奶进行质构测定和感官评价,旨为菌株开发成直投式酸奶发酵提供基础。     

The viability of three probiotic organisms grown with yoghurt starter cultures during storage for 21 days at 4°C

This study investigated the viability of probiotic ( Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LBA and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp . lactis BL-04) in milk fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp . bulgaricus LB340 and Streptococcus thermophilus TAO (yoghurt – Y). Each probiotic strain was grown separately in co-culture with Y and in blends of different combinations. Blends affected fermentation time(s), pH and firmness during storage at 4°C. The product made with Y plus B. animalis subsp . lactis and L. rhamnosus had counts of viable cells at the end of shelf life that met the minimum required to achieve probiotic effect. However, L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp . bulgaricus were inhibited.     

酸奶菌种冷冻干燥保护剂的筛选研究

本研究采用Plackett-Burman设计法，对蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、果糖、葡萄糖、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、可溶性淀粉、明胶、抗坏血酸、谷氨酸钠、L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐以及脱脂奶粉等14种材料对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种和唾液链球菌嗜热亚种冷冻干燥的保护效果进行评价。结果表明：对德氏乳杆菌保加利亚哑种在冷冻干燥中有显著保护作用的是蔗糖、甘油、山梨醇以及脱脂奶粉；而唾液链球菌嗜热亚种有效的冷冻干燥保护剂为甘油、谷氨酸钠和脱脂奶粉。     

红薯酸奶的研制

以红薯和鲜牛乳为主要原料,配以蔗糖和稳定剂,使用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合菌种发酵,制成风味独特、营养全面的保健饮品。通过正交试验法优选出最佳发酵工艺条件为：接入3%的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1）,在42℃下发酵5h,后发酵时间为22h。     

酸奶菌株分批发酵放大研究-从2.5L 到15L 发酵罐

2.5L发酵罐实验数据基础上,利用经验放大法将德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种KLDS 1.9201和唾液链球菌嗜热亚种KLDS 3.021 分批发酵结果从小试放大中试。结果表明,如果确定若干优化发酵参数,包括搅拌转速50～100r/min和溶氧浓度不高于5% 等,可将酸奶菌株发酵结果较成功地从2.5L 罐放大到15L 罐规模。KLDS 1.9201 在15L 罐中对数生长期间的初糖转化率达到了80.3%,乳酸浓度为49g/L,确定其发酵终点为12h,此时活菌数为2.2 × 109CFU/ml;KLDS 3.0201 在15L 罐中的初糖转化率达到了80.2%,乳酸浓度为39g/L,确定其最佳收获期为发酵8h,活菌数达到4.9 × 109CFU/ml。     

保加利亚乳杆菌诱导产亚油酸异构酶条件研究

亚油酸异构酶可由保加利亚乳杆菌经诱导产生,可以将亚油酸(LA)转化为共轭亚油酸(CLA)。本实验对诱导保加利亚乳杆菌产亚油酸异构酶的条件进行研究,利用紫外和气质联用仪(GC-MS)检测所生成的CLA。结果表明：在培养基中添加1.5‰(V/V) LA 时所产酶的共轭亚油酸转化率最高;温度为36℃,培养36h 为较适的培养条件;单独添加0.1%(m/V)的乳糖或0.1%(m/V)的氯化钠有利于诱导产酶;在培养基中直接添加LA 的效果优于培养3至12h 后再进行添加。诱导所产酶可将LA 转化为CLA,且含有9c,11t-CLA 异构体。     

Changes in chemical composition and sensory qualities of peanut milk fermented with lactic acid bacteria

The effects of fermentation of aqueous extracts of peanuts (peanut milk) with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus, separately and in combination, on selected chemical and sensory qualities were investigated. Changes in pH, titratable acidity and viable cell populations indicated that there was a synergistic interaction between L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus during fermentation. Analysis of headspace volatiles revealed that hexanal, which is one of the compounds responsible for undesirable green/beany flavor in peanut milk, completely disappeared as a result of fermentation. S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus was more effective than L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in reducing the hexanal content. The acetaldehyde content of peanut milk increased during fermentation. Changes in concentrations of these volatile compounds were correlated with sensory evaluation scores which showed that a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) decrease in green/beany flavor and a significant increase in creamy flavor occurred as a result of fermentation.