钛合金在汽车上的应用和展望

综述了近三十年来国外汽车用钛合金的研究开发现状汽车用钛合金包括Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe,Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo,Ti-6Al-4V,Ti-3Al-2.5V,Ti-6Al-4V/TiB,Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Nb-Mo-Si/TiB,Ti-3Al-8V-6Cr-4Mo4Zr,Ti-6V-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo,Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si,Ti-6Al-2.7Sn-4Zr-0.4Mo-0.45Si,Ti-3Al-2V-0.2S-0.47Ce-0.27La,Ti-6Al-1.7Fe-0.1Si/10TiB,Ti-4.5Fe-6.8Mo-1.5Al/10TiB,Ti-6Al-2Fe-0.1Si等.估计到2001年,全世界汽车用钛合金将达到6000t.     

钛合金及其油井管耐蚀性能研究进展

综述了油井管现状、钛合金组织与力学性能,重点探讨了钛合金作为油井管的耐蚀性能、影响因素与耐蚀机理,并对第一性原理计算在钛合金管材成分设计与界面腐蚀特征中的应用进行了概述。研究发现,钛合金管材具有较强的抗硫化物应力开裂(SSC)性能,在高温高压(HTHP)油气田的工况条件下具有极低的腐蚀速率,对孔蚀、缝隙腐蚀、接触腐蚀以及氢脆等也具有高的抵抗力; Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金表面的钝化膜在含H_2S腐蚀环境中更易遭到破坏,其稳定性会因温度变化与其他元素介入而发生变化,抗腐蚀性能也会随之发生改变。     

钛合金的加氢处理

[日刊《铸锻造与热处理》报道]美国人L·莱温提出,粉末冶金钛合金,经烧结加压成形后,于β温区进行固溶、加氢、脱氢处理能细化组织,提高合金的疲劳强度。他认为,这种方法适用于α型的Ti-5Al-2.5Sn,近α型的Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo,α+β型的Ti-6 Al-4V、Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn,近β型的Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,β型的βⅢ(Ti-11.5Mo-6Zr-4.5 Sn)等合金。莱温的这项科研成果已取得了美国专利。     

β-CEZ合金和Ti-6Al-4V合金疲劳性能和断裂性能的比较

近来由于飞机高强框架和喷气发动机元件用β-Ti合金取代α β钛合金。因此，德国的J.D.PETERS和他的老师G.LUTJERING教授比较了高强β-CEZ钛合金和α β的Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳和断裂特性，β-Ti合金如Ti-17(Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr)和Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al已分别被用作喷气发动机压缩机和起落架材料，主要是因为它们的强度高于Ti-6Al-4V合金。他们首先比较了喷气发动机常用的Ti-6Al-4V合金和新近研制的β-CEZ(Ti-5Al-2Sn-4Zr-4Mo-2Cr-1Fe)合金的疲劳和断裂特性，以及屈服强度等性能，由于断裂韧性是压缩机和起落架构件设计…     

人工模拟体液中pH值对离子注N人体医用合金腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学测试技术研究了在人工模拟体液中pH值变化对离子注N人体用SUS316L不锈钢,Co-Cr合金,工业纯Ti和Ti-6Al-4V合金腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,随着pH值的降低,试样的腐蚀电位负移,SUS316L不锈钢和Co-Cr合金的点蚀电位与缝隙腐蚀电位降低,使材料发生局部腐蚀的敏感性提高,工业纯Ti和Ti-6Al-4V合金的腐蚀电流密度增大,提高离子释放速度,加大对人体的潜在生理危害。     

Ti-6Al-4Mo(Cr,V)合金的组织特征及拉伸性能

比较分析了Ti-6Al4Mo、Ti-6Al-4Cr、Ti-6Al-4V钛合金经热处理后的显微组织及拉伸性能.结果表明,在相同的热处理状态下,Ti-6Al-4Mo、Ti-6Al-4Cr、Ti-6Al-4V钛合金中的α相尺寸呈现Mo、Cr、V依次增大的趋势.而不论热处理状态是否相同时,单位质量合金元素的强化效果均按照Cr、Mo、V的顺序降低.三种合金在α+β两相区退火后,具有较好的塑性且塑性基本相当,但Ti-6Al-4Mo合金经β退火后拉伸塑性较低.     

人工模拟体液中Ti,Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的缝隙腐蚀行为（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

采用电化学方法研究了工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中缝隙腐蚀行为。Ringer’s人工体液中恒电位400 m V的试验结果表明,工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样均发生缝隙腐蚀,随着介质温度的升高,缝隙腐蚀倾向加剧。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中Ti-6Al-4V合金的腐蚀电位较正,反应电阻增大,阳极极化性能优于工业纯钛和Ti-Ni SMA,提高了抗缝隙腐蚀性能。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中推导出工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样的缝隙腐蚀动力学方程为:iT,CPTi=0.028 e-2×10-4 t,iT,Ti-6Al-4V=0.0149 e-3×10-4 t,和iT,Ti-Ni SMA=0.4712 e-7×10-4 t表明缝隙腐蚀过程受缝隙表面氯化物盐膜的溶解控制。     

用粉末冶金法低成本合成钛合金和钛基微粒子复合材料以改善高周疲劳强度

用元素粉末混合法合成 Ti- 110 0 ,Ti- 6 Al- 2 Sn- 4Zr- 2 Mo,Ti- 6 Al- 4V和 Ti- 5 Al- 2 .5 Fe等各种α β型钛合金和 Ti- 6 Al- 2 Sn- 4Zr- 2 Mo/Ti B的微粒子复合材料。一般用元素粉末混合法制的合金和复合材料 ,连结的板条状 α组织形成粗大的柱状组织。改变这种组织成为微细的针状α组织 ,可以改善高周疲劳强度用粉末冶金法低成本合成钛合金和钛基微粒子复合材料以改善高周疲劳强度@黄淑梅     

含Ag和Ru的耐腐蚀钛合金

众所周知,纯钦和钛合金是实用金属材料中最耐腐蚀的材料之一.但是纯钛及钛合金却受氢氟酸的腐蚀,所以不可能在含氢氟酸的环境中使用.日本金属材料研究所的有色金属材料研究室研究了在不损失份量,耐腐蚀优异等特性的情况下用固溶强化机理和金属间化合物析出强化机理使钛合金具有较高的强度,以及各种酸对钛合金的腐蚀.经过一系列试验获知,分别含有Ag和Ru的二元钛合金在氢氟酸水溶液中具有良好的耐腐蚀性能.还对Ti-11.5 Mo-6 Zr-4.5 Sn和Ti-13V-11 Cr-3 Al合金在添加了1～2%Ag后的耐腐蚀特性进行了研究.结果表明加Ag降     

低弹性模量Ti-33Nb-4Sn,Ti-31Nb-3Zr-4Sn钛合金在模拟人工体液中的腐蚀行为研究

采用纳米压痕仪研究了Ti-33Nb-4Sn和Ti-31Nb-3Zr-4Sn合金的力学性能。采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱研究了新型医用钛合金Ti-33Nb-4Sn、Ti-31Nb-3Zr-4Sn和对比合金Ti-6Al-4V在模拟人体体液中电化学腐蚀行为,并根据扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对极化测试后的试样表面形貌和相结构进行观察。结果表明,Ti-33Nb-4Sn和Ti-31Nb-3Zr-4Sn合金具有较低的弹性模量;3种合金的腐蚀电流密度按Ti-6Al-4V、Ti-31Nb-3Zr-4Sn和Ti-33Nb-4Sn的顺序递增。     

Titanium alloys after surface gas nitriding

Experimental studies using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for nitriding of four titanium-alloys near α Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V, near α Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo, α + β Ti-6Al-4V and near β Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al at different temperatures and for different periods of time are presented. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used in order to study the phase transformations that occur during gas nitriding. As a result of the nitrogen interaction, a nitrided layer was formed that consists of titanium nitrides, followed by an interstitial solution of nitrogen in the hcp α titanium phase. The microstructural changes of these alloys in relation to the alloy composition and processing parameters were studied. It was found that the microstructure of alloys nitrided at temperatures below their β transus temperatures for various periods of time is uniform and homogeneous. With the increase of the temperature above their β transus temperatures the microstructure changes to irregular. Microindentation hardness testing using a Knoop indenter was conducted on the nitrided titanium alloys to analyse their hardness evolution in relation to the nitriding processing parameters and alloy composition. It was found that the microhardness increases with the increase of the temperature and time of nitriding. The surface morphology of the Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo alloy in relation to the nitriding processing parameters was analysed.     

Double Glow Plasma Surface Alloyed Burn-resistant Titanium Alloy

TITANIUM and its alloys have been extensively usedin aeronautics and astronautics industries because oftheir low specific gravities,high strength,stiffness,good toughness and high corrosion resistance.However,conventional titanium alloys may be ignited and burntunder high temperature,high pressure and high gasflow velocity conditions.Titanium fire took placeseveral times in engines.This shortcoming limitsapplication of titanium alloys.In order to avoid thistechnical problem,Ti-Cr-V,Ti-Cu-…     

Using Ti-5111 for marine fastener applications

Titanium offers virtually unsurpassed resistance to crevice, pitting, and stress-corrosion cracking in seawater environments. Ti-5Al-1Sn-1Zr-1V-0.8Mo (Ti-5111) is a near-alpha titanium alloy of intermediate strength, excellent toughness, and roomtemperature creep resistance designed in a U.S. Navy-sponsored titanium alloy development program for structural submarine applications. Ti-5111’s desirable mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance render this titanium alloy an ideal fastener material from both a technical and economic perspective. For more information, contact J. Been, Titanium Metals Corporation, Henderson Technical Laboratory, 8000 West Lake Mead Drive, Henderson, Nevada 89015; (702) 566-4413; fax (702) 564-9038; e-mail jenny.been@timet.com.     

The effects of gas nitriding on fatigue behavior in titanium and titanium alloys

Fatigue behavior has been studied on gas-nitrided smooth specimens of commercial pure titanium, an alpha/beta Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and a beta Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloy under rotating bending, and the obtained results were compared with the fatigue behavior of annealed or untreated specimens. It was found that the role of the nitrided layer on fatigue behavior depended on the strength of the materials. Fatigue strength was increased by nitriding in pure titanium, while it was decreased in the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al alloys. Based on detailed observations of fatigue crack initiation, growth, and fracture surfaces, the improvement and the reduction in fatigue strength by nitriding in pure titanium and both alloys were primarily attributed to enhanced crack initiation resistance and to premature crack initiation of the nitrided layer, respectively.     

An electrochemical approach to development of a method for accele strength evaluation of hard tissue replacement materials

To develop a method of accelerating the strength evaluation of hard tissue replacement materials (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) with an electrochemical approach in the short term, corrosion tests were carried out on Ti-6Al-4V alloy) by means of applying a uniform current to a simulated physiological environment and the potental difference was scanned to check the variations in the resistance of the specimens. As a result, the corrosion behavior was monitored by scanning the potential difference and an empirical formula for controlling the corrosion behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the simulated physiological environment was proposed.     

Design for Ti-Al-V-Mo-Nb alloys for laser additive manufacturing based on a cluster model and on their microstructure and properties

In this study, α+β Ti-Al-V-Mo-Nb alloys with the addition of multiple elements that are suitable for laser additive manufacturing (LAM) were designed according to a Ti-6Al-4V cluster formula. This formula can be expressed as 12[Al-Ti₁₂](AlTi₂)+5[Al-Ti₁₄]((Mo, V, Nb)₂Ti), in which Mo and Nb were added into the alloys partially instead of V to give alloys with nominal compositions of Ti-6.01Al-3.13V-1.43Nb, Ti-5.97Al-2.33V-2.93Mo, and Ti-5.97Al-2.33V-2.20Mo-0.71Nb (wt.%). The microstructures and mechanical properties of the as-deposited and heat-treated samples prepared via LAM were examined. The sizes of the β columnar grains and α laths in the Nb-containing samples are found to be larger than those of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, whereas Mo- or Mo/Nb-added alloys contain finer grains. It indicates that Nb gives rise to coarsened β columnar grains and α laths, while Mo significantly refines them. Furthermore, the single addition of Nb improves the elongation, whereas the single addition of Mo enhances the strength of the alloys. The simultaneous addition of Mo/Nb significantly improves the comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloys, leading to the best properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 1,070 MPa, a yield strength of 1,004 MPa, an elongation of 9%, and micro-hardness of 355 HV. The fracture modes of all the alloys are ductile-brittle mixed fracture.     

Influence of fluoride ion on the electrochemical behaviour of β-Ti alloy for dental implant application

The corrosion behaviour of Ti-15Mo alloy in 0.15 M NaCl containing 0.01, 0.03, 0.06 and 0.5 M NaF is evaluated and its protective ability is compared with that of CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy, to ascertain their suitability for dental implant application. The steady state current density of CP-Ti and, Ti-15Mo and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in 0.15 M NaCl containing 0.03 M NaF at 200 mV vs. SCE is found to be 1, 2 and 6 μA/cm², respectively, which indicate that all of them could offer a better corrosion resistance in the potential range that could exists in the oral environment.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Biomedical Titanium Alloys Coated with Diamond Carbon in Hanks’ Solution

Biomedical implants in the knee and hip are frequent failures because of corrosion and stress on the joints. To solve this important problem, metal implants can be coated with diamond carbon, and this coating plays a critical role in providing an increased resistance to implants toward corrosion. In this study, we have employed diamond carbon coating over Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys using hot filament chemical vapor deposition method which is well-established coating process that significantly improves the resistance toward corrosion, wears and hardness. The diamond carbon-coated Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy showed an increased microhardness in the range of 850 HV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization studies in SBF solution (simulated body fluid solution) were carried out to understand the in vitro behavior of uncoated as well as coated titanium alloys. The experimental results showed that the corrosion resistance of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy is relatively higher when compared with diamond carbon-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloys due to the presence of β phase in the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. Electrochemical impedance results showed that the diamond carbon-coated alloys behave as an ideal capacitor in the body fluid solution. Moreover, the stability in mechanical properties during the corrosion process was maintained for diamond carbon-coated titanium alloys.     

钛的缝隙腐蚀行为研究

采用电化学测试技术，研究了工业纯钛和Ｔｉ－０．３％Ｍｏ－０．８％Ｎｉ合金在２５％ＮａＣｌ和ＨＣｌ沸腾溶液中的缝隙腐蚀行为。结果表明，由于合金元素Ｎｉ具有低的氢超电势，促进了阴极极化过程，从而提高了钝化能力，且缝内表面Ｎｉ的富集增强了膜的钝化稳定性，因此，Ｔｉ－０．３％Ｍｏ－０．８％Ｎｉ合金抗缝隙腐蚀性能优于工业纯钛。