Al_2O_3颗粒含量对Cu基复合材料组织与性能影响

采用机械合金化与放电等离子烧结的方法制备了不同Al_2O_3体积分数的Cu-Al_2O_3复合材料。研究了Al_2O_3颗粒含量对Cu-Al_2O_3复合材料组织与性能的影响,特别是对导电性能的影响,比较了孔隙、第二相颗粒等不同因素对导电性能的影响。结果表明:随着Al_2O_3体积分数的增加,复合材料颗粒发生团聚,孔隙数量逐渐增多,材料的致密化程度不断下降;基体中弥散分布的Al_2O_3纳米颗粒可以显著提升复合材料的抗拉强度,抗拉强度最大达到596 MPa,伸长率最大可达3.65%。但Al_2O_3纳米颗粒的加入会导致复合材料导电率的下降,球磨过程中引入的杂质铁对复合材料导电性能影响最大,其次是纳米晶晶界、纳米Al_2O_3颗粒和孔隙,位错对导电性能的影响最小。     

Cu-Te合金的退火工艺

研究了退火工艺对Te含量分别为0.02%、0.07%、0.10%的3种Cu-Te合金的力学与导电性能及组织的影响,测试了不同退火温度和不同退火时间下合金的力学性能和导电性能,使用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Cu-Te合金在不同退火温度下拉伸断口的形貌变化。结果表明:Cu-Te合金断裂属于韧性断裂,断裂形成的韧窝随着退火温度的上升,尺寸变得越大、越深,形状变得更加圆整;随着退火温度与退火时间的增加,Cu-Te合金的导电率持续增加,抗拉强度在350～390 ℃退火1 h时变化不大,合金处于回复阶段,400 ℃退火1 h后,抗拉强度大幅度下降,合金处于再结晶阶段;Cu-Te合金经过冷变形 (ε=96.5%)后,在400 ℃退火1 h,获得最佳的综合性能。     

喷涂距离对铝基体上低压冷喷涂铜涂层的影响

使用低压冷喷涂技术和90%Cu+10%Al_2O_3粉体材料在LY12铝合金基体上制备Cu-Al_2O_3复合涂层。制备涂层使用的喷涂距离分别为5、15、25 mm。对该涂层的力学性能进行测试;利用场发射扫描电镜对涂层的结合界面进行观察。研究了喷涂距离对涂层性能的影响。结果表明:喷涂距离的变化会导致涂层中Al_2O_3颗粒的大小和和含量发生变化,从而导致涂层中铜颗粒变形量发生变化,最终影响涂层的力学性能;当喷涂距离为15 mm时,在LY12铝合金基体上制备的复合涂层的力学性能最好。     

超快冷条件下退火温度和冷却速度对高强冷轧板组织性能影响

为了达到超快冷的条件,设计了50℃/s、200℃/s和1000℃/s 3种不同的超快冷的冷速,研究了超快冷条件下,退火温度以及冷却速度对实验用钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明:随着退火温度的提高,各快冷条件下,实验用钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,伸长率在低冷速下,随着退火温度的升高先上升后下降,在高冷速下,随着退火温度的升高呈明显下降趋势;随着快冷速度的提高,抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐上升,屈强比呈现上升趋势,在780℃时,1000℃/s冷速相对于50℃/s,屈服强度提升了78%,而且随着退火温度的提高,这种趋势更加明显,当退火温度为860℃时,屈服强度提升了211%。通过改变超快冷冷速和退火温度,可生产强度800~1000 MPa强度级别的冷轧高强钢,从而实现柔性控制。通过综合力学性能的对比,可以看出当退火温度为840℃,快冷速度为50℃/s时,实验用钢的综合力学性能最佳,强塑积可达17.2 GPa·%。     

纳米Al_2O_3对等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层结构与性能的影响

大气等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2陶瓷涂层的孔隙率高,提高等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2陶瓷涂层的致密度成为亟待解决的问题。在TC4钛合金表面采用大气等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合粉和ZrC-ZrSi_2-Al_2O_3复合粉分别制备两种复合涂层。研究纳米Al_2O_3对等离子喷涂ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层组织结构与性能的影响。结果表明,添加了Al_2O_3的ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层的组织结构更为致密,相较于ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层具有更优异的力学性能。熔点相对较低的Al_2O_3能够在喷涂焰流中先熔化,熔融态的Al_2O_3能够填充在ZrC-ZrSi_2复合涂层的孔洞处,提高复合涂层的致密度,改善涂层的力学性能。研究成果可为提高大气等离子喷涂制备含高熔点组分复合涂层的致密度提供指导。     

Al-Si系建筑储能材料的合金化及复合增强研究

在Al-12Si中添加合金元素Ce和Al_2O_3复合增强颗粒,采用机械振动辅助浇注制备出了Al-12Si-0.5Ce-5%Al2O3新型Al-Si系建筑储能材料。研究了该材料的物相组成、显微组织、高温力学性能、高温抗氧化性能和储热性能。结果表明,与Al-1_2Si相比,合金元素Ce和Al_2O_3复合增强颗粒的添加可使其300℃抗拉强度增加40%,500℃抗拉强度增加103%,600℃高温氧化100h后的单位面积质量增重减小89%,初始熔化温度升高1.7℃。     

热压温度对石墨烯铜基复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用粘结混粉、真空热压烧结的方法制备石墨烯铜基复合材料,研究了不同热压温度对石墨烯铜基复合材料物相与组织形貌、致密度、导电性、导热性及力学性能的影响。结果表明:石墨烯在铜基体中实现了均匀分散,且两者界面结合紧密。随着热压温度的升高,复合材料的致密度、导电性、导热性及力学性能均先升高后降低。当热压温度为900℃时,制备的复合材料致密化高,孔隙率低,综合性能最优异,复合材料的致密度、导电率、导热率、显微硬度、屈服强度、抗拉强度分别为98.2%、93.2%IACS、411.0 W·m-1·K-1、85.3 HV、128.8 MPa、253.8 MPa。     

冷变形率对退火态TC2钛合金薄板组织和性能的影响

研究了冷变形率和退火处理对TC2合金薄板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:钛合金板材随着冷变形率的增加,抗拉强度和硬度增高,晶粒随着冷变形量增加被拉长。该合金在27%~32%冷变形率和750℃×5 h的真空退火条件下,出现明显的软化现象。当变形率超过32%时,退火后合金的强度又随之上升,而伸长率随之下降。在28%变形率的板材退火后,已完全再结晶并获得均匀细小的等轴组织,而板材在43%变形率退火时,晶粒尺寸明显增大,板材强度上升而塑性下降。     

DP980冷轧高强钢连续退火工艺及强韧性行为研究

采用连续退火模拟试验机研究了连续退火工艺中缓冷及过时效温度对DP980冷轧高强钢组织性能的影响规律,并利用扫描电镜、透射电镜及拉伸试验机进行了显微组织及力学性能检测。研究结果表明：缓冷温度降低有利于新生铁素体及富碳岛状马氏体的生成,且实验钢屈服强度基本不变,抗拉强度先下降后升高,伸长率逐渐上升。缓冷温度为650 ℃时,强塑积（PSE）达到最大值15.55 GPa·%。随着过时效温度的升高,实验钢抗拉强度及屈服强度略有下降,断后伸长率显著升高。工业试制HC550/980DP成品的屈服强度不小于570 MPa,抗拉强度不小于1 080 MPa,伸长率不小于7%,达到应用标准。     

退火温度对铸态Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er合金组织及性能的影响

利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、硬度、拉伸性能测试、腐蚀试验等研究退火温度对铸态AlMg-Mn-Zr-Er合金微观组织、力学性能及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:退火温度较低时,合金中的强化相Al_3Er、Al_3Zr含量较多,对位错和亚晶界具有钉扎作用,阻碍亚晶界的迁移和位错的运动,合金的硬度较高;随着退火温度的升高,合金的组织晶界偏析减少,硬度逐渐降低;当退火温度为300℃、保温时间为1 h时,合金具有较好的综合力学性能,此时硬度值为123 HV0.2,抗拉强度达为386 MPa,屈服强度为226 MPa,伸长率为17.8%;随着退火温度的升高,合金的耐腐蚀性能得到了提高,腐蚀坑变浅,当退火温度为400℃时腐蚀速率达到最小值0.14 mg/(cm~2·d)。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.