退火工艺对AA3003铝合金累积叠轧板材组织性能的影响

采用了金相、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、硬度、拉伸、杯突等试验手段研究了累积叠轧AA3003铝合金板材退火处理后的微观组织和性能。结果表明,叠轧板材在退火过程中晶粒等轴化,叠轧道次越高,退火后晶粒越细小,且退火能促使叠轧板材界面的焊合。叠轧4道次的板材随着退火温度的提高,逐渐发生再结晶和晶粒长大,强度和硬度性能逐渐降低并趋于平稳,塑性和成形性能则逐渐改善。叠轧4道次的板材再结晶完成温度约为346℃,温度低于350℃时,厚向晶粒尺寸比较均匀,但表面层和中心层织构存在明显差异;温度达到450℃时,表面层的晶粒尺寸要明显大于中心层,厚度方向组织不均匀性加大,但其织构趋于一致。     

终轧温度对中低牌号无取向硅钢磁性能的影响

在工业生产条件下,对比分析了不同热轧终轧温度对中低牌号无取向硅钢组织和磁性能影响。结果表明:当热轧终轧温度为890℃时,热轧带钢表层为铁素体再结晶组织,芯部为铁素体相变组织;带钢经冷轧退火后,成品晶粒细小,铁损为5.565 W/kg,磁感为1.744 T,磁性能较差;当终轧温度为870℃时,热轧带钢全为粗大的铁素体再结晶组织,带钢经冷轧退火后,成品晶粒粗大,铁损降低至5.329 W/kg,磁感升高至1.762 T,磁性能最佳;当终轧温度降低至850℃时,带钢在热轧时再结晶晶粒难以长大,经冷轧退火后,铁损为5.507 W/kg,磁感为1.760 T,磁性能介于890℃和870℃之间。此外,实际工业生产数据表明,当热轧终轧温度为850～875℃时,成品磁性能明显优于880～900℃。     

轧程中间退火工艺对高强β钛合金组织及性能的影响

以Ti-3. 5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0. 5Fe合金为研究对象,研究了冷轧过程中不同中间退火温度对合金轧制态、固溶态和时效态组织以及性能的影响。研究表明,冷轧板材的主要强化机制是加工硬化,轧程中间退火制度对加工硬化现象影响显著,α+β相区中间退火合金相比于β单相区中间退火合金加工硬化程度大,强度高,但伸长率低。冷轧合金板材经过750℃固溶处理2 min后晶粒尺寸显著细化,β单相区中间退火晶粒尺寸比α+β相区晶粒尺寸大。经过固溶处理后合金主要强化机制为细晶强化,α+β相区中间退火合金的晶粒尺寸小,强度和伸长率高于β单相区中间退火合金。冷轧合金板材经过750℃固溶处理2 min加550℃时效处理4、8和16 h后,在β基体上形成了大量的次生α相,随着时效时间的增长,次生α相的尺寸明显增大,合金强度先升高后下降,伸长率一直增加。α+β相区中间退火的合金形成了等轴的初生α相,其强度和伸长率均高于相同热处理状态下β单相区中间退火的合金。     

17%Cr铁素体不锈钢中的第二相与织构

通过工艺控制得到了不同尺寸及分布特征的析出相,研究了其对再结晶织构的影响.结果表明:降低精轧温度有利于尺寸更加细小、分布更加弥散的析出相TiC的形成,经冷轧及退火后这种析出相分布特征可遗传至冷轧退火板;粗大、稀疏析出相的样品具有较强的γ纤维再结晶织构;细小、弥散的析出相有助于随机取向再结晶晶核的形成,抑制再结晶晶粒的长大,从而弱化了γ纤维再结晶织构及恶化了冷轧退火板成形性能;析出相对随机取向晶粒形核的作用及晶界迁移的钉扎作用是控制铁素体不锈钢再结晶织构的重要因素之一.     

退火温度对8111铝箔微观组织和性能的影响

以双辊铸轧工艺生产的8111铝合金为研究对象,研究了热处理工艺对其微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,铸轧板材经过冷轧和均匀化处理后,组织均匀性改善,链状第二相消失,晶粒形貌由细长的纤维状变为等轴细小的再结晶晶粒。随着退火温度的升高,铝箔微观组织经历回复、再结晶和晶粒长大的过程,330℃保温2 h再结晶完成,平均晶粒尺寸约为42μm, 360℃退火时,平均晶粒尺寸最大,约45μm;在研究的退火温度范围内,铝箔基体中的第二相化合物的形貌未发生明显变化;随退火温度升高,铝箔抗拉强度呈下降趋势,退火温度为360℃时,抗拉强度最低为87 MPa,而伸长率呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,330℃退火时伸长率最大为10.2%,且电导率呈先升高再下降趋势,330～360℃退火时电导率基本不变。     

超塑Al-Mg-Li合金的显微组织与织构特性

采用一种新型形变热处理方法制备细晶Al-Mg-Li合金板材,研究静态再结晶退火对合金板材晶粒组织及超塑变形行为的影响。结果表明,晶粒尺寸、形状和织构的分布沿板材法向方向存在明显不同;表面层的晶粒组织细小、等轴,含有旋转cubeND{001}（310）取向;中心层具有粗大、长条状晶粒,含有a取向线的织构组分。随着再结晶温度的升高,整个板材的晶粒尺寸长大,中心层晶粒纵横比减小,表面层织构强化而中心层织构弱化,超塑性伸长率下降。升高再结晶温度导致整个板材内的旋转cubeND{001}（310）织构组分强化而a取向线的织构弱化。分析了不同温度下再结晶织构的形成机制。     

温度对01420铝锂合金轧制开裂及晶粒细化的影响

采用形变热处理方法制备了01420铝锂合金细晶板材,研究了预热温度、中间退火温度对板材轧制开裂及晶粒细化的影响.结果表明:板材在低温(＜300℃)轧制时常常开裂,将开轧温度提高到400℃,在53%～70%轧制变形量后将板材在340～400℃退火2 h,可解决开裂问题.但中间退火温度对最终的再结晶晶粒大小有很大影响:温度为400℃时,合金发生了明显的部分再结晶,位错密度大大降低,虽获得了82%变形量的无开裂的板材,但再结晶后的晶粒粗大,平均晶粒尺寸约为16μm.温度为340、370℃时,合金发生了回复,无明显的再结晶发生,且退火温度越低,所保留的位错密度越高,81%轧制变形量的合金再结晶晶粒尺寸约为11μm.     

形变热处理对屋面用Al-Mn合金板再结晶行为的影响

研究了预变形和中间退火对Al-Mn合金板显微组织和第二相析出行为的影响,并对比分析了传统无预变形和中间退火的Al-Mn合金板的组织特征。结果表明:400℃/1 h退火和20%冷变形后进行270℃等温退火,随着退火时间延长,合金中第二相含量有所增加、均匀性有所提升;当等温保温时间超过72 h后不会继续从固溶体中析出第二相,而是发生第二相的粗化和长大;随着最终退火温度的升高,未经过中间退火和预变形的Al-Mn合金发生了回复、部分再结晶和完全再结晶过程,且在退火温度高于320℃时可见再结晶晶核的存在;而经过中间退火和20%冷轧变形的试样,在最终退火过程中形成了在条带状晶粒中均匀分布的细小等轴晶粒,形成了细小等轴晶和粗大板条状晶粒共存的"双峰组织"。     

退火制度对冷轧和温轧的5083铝合金组织性能的影响

选择冷轧和温轧变形量均为75%的5083铝合金板材进行退火,研究不同退火制度对合金板材组织和性能影响。结果表明,冷轧5083铝合金在200℃退火后发生回复;温轧5083铝合金在200℃退火后发生回复和一定程度再结晶;300℃退火合金的强度大幅度降低,塑性明显提高,且冷轧合金的强度下降幅度比温轧的大;550℃退火时,冷轧和温轧5083铝合金板材的纤维组织消失,再结晶晶粒明显长大,且等轴化。     

高强无取向硅钢组织演变与强化机制

针对新能源汽车的发展,制备了含Ni固溶强化、含Cu析出强化以及含Ni+Cu复合强化3%Si无取向硅钢,研究了强化方式对无取向硅钢组织、织构和性能的影响。结果表明：固溶强化型无取向硅钢热轧板中形成了粗大{221}<221>晶粒,冷轧过程中剪切变形明显并在退火后形成良好再结晶织构。析出强化型无取向硅钢热轧板中心层形成γ取向粗大晶粒,在后续的加工中γ织构逐渐增强并最终得到相对细小的再结晶晶粒。复合强化型无取向硅钢热轧板中保留了强λ取向带状组织,退火后形成了有益的Goss织构和λ织构。固溶强化型与复合强化型无取向硅钢磁感应强度B₅₀分别达到1.742、1.688 T,高于析出强化型无取向硅钢的1.645 T。同时,复合强化型无取向硅钢高频铁损最低,其P_1.0/400和P_{1.0/1 000}分别低至20.97、82.69 W/kg,这与其较小的晶粒尺寸和织构改善有关。强度计算结果表明：Ni元素固溶强化对强度的提高有限,屈服强度为468 MPa,纳米Cu析出可显著提高屈服强度(强度增量约200 MPa),且主要来自于模量强...     

700℃超超临界锅炉过热器管材Inconel 740H合金冷变形行为研究

对Inconel 740H合金荒管进行了不同变形量的冷轧实验,分析了其冷变形特性。通过冷变形后不同制度的退火处理,对Inconel 740H合金组织演变规律进行研究,建立了退火过程中再结晶晶粒长大方程。同时引入不均匀因子Z对组织均匀性进行评定。研究表明,Inconel 740H合金中间退火处理中的静态再结晶过程主要受退火温度和保温时间影响,所构建的再结晶晶粒长大方程与实验值吻合度较好。冷轧变形量为20%,中间退火制度为1100℃/5 min时得到的组织最为均匀。     

The Effect of the Rolling Mode on the Recrystallization Behavior of 2090 Al- Li Alloy

As- received 2090 Al- Li hot- rolled plate was homogenized at 482 °C for 10 h and cold worked to 95% reduction in thickness. The rolling modes were varied. One group of samples was rolled longitudinally parallel to the hot- rolling direction, the second transversely to the rolling direction, the third at 45° to the rolling direction, and the fourth in all three modes. All four groups were subsequently annealed at 456 °C for 24 h. The effect of varying the rolling mode on the ductility and strength was studied by examining the kinetics of softening as a function of the annealing time. All the groups recrystallized in less than 1 h with a coarse, elongated grain structure. Although the strengths of the different groups were similar, the ductilities varied significantly.     

Effect of annealing temperature on microstructure,texture and properties of molybdenum foil

The microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of 0.06 mm thick molybdenum foil after annealing at different temperatures were studied by micrograph and EBSD analysis. The results show that the grains of the cold-rolled molybdenum foil along the rolling direction are fibrous. As the annealing temperature increasing from 750 °C to 1000 °C, the average layer thickness of these fibrous grains gradually grows. And the relative frequency of low-angle grain boundaries increases, while the relative frequency of high-angle grain boundaries decreases. Also, the main texture of the unidirectional-rolled and annealed molybdenum foils is {112}〈110〉 which content continuously increase to 62% till 1000 °C. Therefore, the strength of RD, TD and 45°RD direction decreases but the elongation increases. During these processes, the mechanism includes classical nucleation and coarsening of subgrain and with annealing temperature rising, the latter dominates the recrystallization process. After annealing at 1050 °C, the molybdenum foil undergoes secondary recrystallization. The grain boundary distribution becomes diffused and the main texture changes into {001}〈110〉, which the fraction is as high as 96%, thus, the mechanical properties of RD, TD and 45°RD exhibit sharp decrease simultaneously.     

Strength and structure variation of 2195 Al-Li alloy caused by different deformation processes of hot extrusion and cold-rolling

2195 Al-Li alloy was deformed through extrusion followed by cold-rolling. The textures of the extruded plate and cold-rolled sheet after solutionization were investigated. The longitudinal strength and precipitates after T8 aging were measured and observed, respectively. Compared to those in the sheet, T1(Al₂CuLi) precipitates in the extruded plate after T8 aging are non-uniform, and their incubation time is shorter. The extruded plate after solutionization is not recrystallized and contains 55.28% deformation textures of Brass and S. In the cold-rolled sheet after solutionization, massive recrystallization occurs and S component disappears. Due to the higher fraction of Brass and S textures with higher Schmid factor and lower equivalent sliding system number, the extruded plate possesses an yield strength not higher or even lower, but a tensile strength higher, than the cold-rolled sheet after solutionization. In addition, during the aging after pre-stretch, these textures promote T1 precipitation on preferred sliding planes of cold-rolled sheet and cause its higher yield strength and tensile strength after T8 aging.     

溅射靶材用Cr20Ni80合金管材的微观组织与再结晶退火

对溅射靶材用Cr20Ni80合金冷轧管材的微观组织和再结晶退火工艺进行了研究。首先观察了冷轧管材轴向与径向的微观组织变化;其次利用JMatPro计算了Cr20Ni80合金的相图,并设计了再结晶退火工艺;最后对冷轧管材进行了再结晶退火试验,表征了退火后管材的微观组织、晶粒尺寸和硬度。结果表明,冷轧管材沿轴向均为拉长晶,且存在大量孪晶;管材沿径向的微观组织中晶粒尺寸因形变量的增大而减小;当再结晶退火温度为690 ℃时,冷轧管材试样已开始发生再结晶;790 ℃×30 min时,形变晶粒已完全再结晶,平均晶粒尺寸为24.1 μm,为最优再结晶退火工艺;当退火温度进一步升高、保温时间进一步延长时,再结晶晶粒逐渐长大;试样的硬度随退火温度的升高而减小。     

热轧变形量及退火工艺对钼板材组织和性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、金相组织观察等手段研究了退火温度、退火时间及热轧变形量对热轧钼板显微硬度和再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响规律。研究结果表明：一定范围内提高退火温度及延长退火时间均有助于再结晶的进行,当总变形量为66％时,其最合适的退火工艺为l200oC下加热1～2h;随着热轧总变形量的增加,钼板的再结晶晶粒尺寸逐渐变小,其显微硬度呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。     

Surface recrystallization of single crystal nickel-based superalloy

As-cast single crystal (SC) superalloy samples were shot peened and then annealed at different temperatures to investigate the effect of annealing temperature on the surface recrystallization behavior of the SC superalloy. The results show that the depth of recrystallized layers increases with the increase of annealing temperature. Below 1200 °C, the recrystallization depth climbs slowly with temperature rising. Above 1200 °C, the recrystallization depth increases sharply with the rise of temperature. The morphology of recrystallized grains is significantly affected by annealing temperature. Below the γ′ solvus, cellular recrystallization may be observed. Above the γ′ solvus, recrystallization occurs through the growth of well developed recrystallized grains. In addition, the microstructure evolution of recrystallized grains at the homogenization annealing temperature was studied. It is found that recrystallized grains first nucleate in the dendritic core areas on the shot-peened surface and then grow inwards along the dendritic core areas. With the dissolution of the coarse γ′ precipitates and γ′/γ′ eutectics in the interdendritic areas, the recrystallized grain boundaries move through the interdendritic areas. Finally, the fully developed grains nearly have a uniform depth. The dissolution of primary γ′ precipitates is a critical factor influencing the recrystallization behavior of SC superalloys.     

Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture of twin roll cast ZK60 magnesium alloy

Twin roll cast ZK60 alloy strip/sheet with final thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared,and effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and texture development was investigated using OM and XRD technique,microstructure and texture were measured on specimens subjected to rolling experiment at different rolling temperature,and macrotexture was also evaluated by X-ray diffraction method.In addition,the(1 010)and(0002) pole figures were measured,and the tensile test was performed to reveal the influence of rolling temperature on mechanical properties.The results show that the microstructure of ZK60 alloy sheet consisted of fibrous structure with elongated grains,and shear bands along the rolling direction after warm rolling.Dynamic recrystallization could be found during the warm rolling process at rolling temperature 350 °C and above.And many fine recrystallized grain could be observed in the shear bands area.It is a little difficult to see the recrystallized grain in the sheet warm rolled at 300 °C because of higher density of shear bands.The warm rolled ZK60 alloy sheet exhibited strong(0002) pole texture,the intensity of(0002) pole figure decreases with the increasing of rolling temperature and the basal pole tilted slightly to the transverse direction after warm rolling.     

Rapid annealing effects on microstructure, texture, and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel

This paper presents a classic process-structure-properties approach for optimizing the magnetic properties of electrical steels. Cold-rolled non-oriented electrical steel (Fe; 0.001 wt% C; 0.2 wt.% Mn; 1.3 wt% Si) was subjected to extremely short 3–30 seconds annealing cycles in a range from 880 °C to 980 °C with a heating rate varying from 15 °C to 300 °C/sec. The resulting microstructure was studied by means of optical microscopy and X-ray orientation distribution function analysis. Recrystallized grains were refined with increased heating rate, caused by the nucleation rate increase, which is faster than the growth rate due to rapid heating. The optimal grain size of 60 to 80 mm in terms of magnetic properties was obtained by increasing the annealing temperature range to 920 °C to 940 °C with a higher heating rate of 300 °C/sec and an annealing time of 6 to 9 seconds. With the heating rate increase, the characteristic {111} recrystallization fiber of cold-rolled steel was depressed, but the beneficial {110}〈001〉 Goss texture component was significantly strengthened. The recrystallized grain size and texture were enhanced by rapid annealing, and, as a result, the magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel improved.