累积叠轧温度对AZ31镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、室温拉伸试验、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等方法研究了累积叠轧温度对AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸、基面织构、界面结合情况及力学性能的影响。结果表明:3道次累积叠轧后的AZ31镁合金晶粒细化效果明显,硬度增大,随着累积叠轧温度的升高,晶粒细化效果减弱,硬度增加趋势减弱。累积叠轧温度升高有弱化基面织构的作用。AZ31镁合板材在450 ℃累积叠轧3道次,综合力学性能最佳,为显微硬度70.64 HV0.05,抗拉强度288.64 MPa,屈服强度203.76 MPa,伸长率16.96%,界面结合强度21.53 MPa。     

退火工艺对AA3003铝合金累积叠轧板材组织性能的影响

采用了金相、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、硬度、拉伸、杯突等试验手段研究了累积叠轧AA3003铝合金板材退火处理后的微观组织和性能。结果表明,叠轧板材在退火过程中晶粒等轴化,叠轧道次越高,退火后晶粒越细小,且退火能促使叠轧板材界面的焊合。叠轧4道次的板材随着退火温度的提高,逐渐发生再结晶和晶粒长大,强度和硬度性能逐渐降低并趋于平稳,塑性和成形性能则逐渐改善。叠轧4道次的板材再结晶完成温度约为346℃,温度低于350℃时,厚向晶粒尺寸比较均匀,但表面层和中心层织构存在明显差异;温度达到450℃时,表面层的晶粒尺寸要明显大于中心层,厚度方向组织不均匀性加大,但其织构趋于一致。     

累积叠轧Mg/Al多层复合板材的织构演变及力学性能

以商业纯Mg和AA1050 Al板材为初始材料,采用累积叠轧技术在室温下进行不同轧制道次变形制备了Mg/Al多层复合板材料,并对3 cyc轧制的Mg/Al多层复合板材料在200℃分别进行不同时间退火处理.利用OM,SEM和中子衍射技术对微观组织和宏观织构进行了研究.结果表明,复合板材中Mg和Al层组织均随着循环次数的提高而细化;在200℃时随着退火时间的增加,晶粒逐渐均匀但没有明显长大.累积叠轧过程中Mg层主要呈现出典型的轧制织构类型,Al层则表现出以轧制织构组分为主,同时伴有剪切织构组分的混合织构类型.对于3 cyc轧制的Mg/Al多层复合板材,在200℃经不同时间退火后,Mg层依然为轧制织构类型,Al层为轧制织构与剪切织构组分混合.随着累积叠轧循环道次的增加,屈服强度和抗拉强度都逐渐上升.     

不同终轧压下量下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与力学性能研究

研究了高温轧制、不同压下量(10%～20%)下AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织、织构、力学性能与室温成形性能演变。结果表明,对于轧制态板材而言,不同压下量的板材中孪生仍然是主要变形模式,这主要是由终轧道次压下量相对较小,不足以引起动态再结晶但足以引起孪生导致。与终轧压下量10%的板材相比,20%的轧制板材表现出较大的晶粒尺寸和较弱的基面织构强度。退火后,板材表现出基轴向RD方向偏转±9.6°～±12°的双峰织构特征。与轧制态相比,退火态的基面织构显著弱化,这主要是由于板材在退火过程中的静态再结晶作用。随着终轧压下量由10%增加至20%,退火板材的基面织构显著减弱,使其r值降低、n值增大,从而引起板材室温杯突值由4.3 mm提高为6.3 mm。     

退火工艺对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

将高温叠轧变形和退火再结晶相结合,尝试共同调控AZ31镁合金板材的组织与织构。在300℃下对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材进行不同时间的退火处理,并研究了退火对高温叠轧板材组织、晶粒取向和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随退火时间的增加,界面结合质量逐渐提高,当退火时间为30 min时,部分区域出现冶金现象;显微硬度随退火时间的增加而降低;延长退火时间,高温叠轧板材非基面取向晶粒比重显著增加,同时,高温叠轧历史累积应变量、后续退火两者共同作用促使AZ31镁合金板材基面织构显著弱化。     

累积叠轧制备Ti/Ni多层复合材料的组织演变与力学性能研究

本文以工业纯Ti、纯Ni板材为初始材料,采用累积叠轧法(ARB)制备出Ti/Ni多层复合板材料。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、万能试验机、显微硬度仪对复合材料的组织、界面结构和力学性能进行观察和测试分析。结果表明：随着轧制道次的增加,复合材料中Ti层和Ni层显微组织细化明显,均匀程度提高,ARB5道次后,Ti、Ni层的平均晶粒尺寸分别为200 nm和300 nm;复合材料的抗拉强度、显微硬度和界面结合强度显著提高,ARB5道次后抗拉强度达到810 MPa,延伸率为24.4%,Ti、Ni层平均显微硬度分别为233 HV和229 HV。在ARB1-5道次轧制变形过程中,界面处无明显的原子扩散现象发生。     

累积叠轧制备Ti/Ni多层复合材料的组织演变与力学性能

以工业纯Ti、纯Ni板材为初始材料,采用累积叠轧法(ARB)制备出Ti/Ni多层复合板材料。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、万能材料试验机、显微硬度仪对复合材料的组织、界面结构和力学性能进行观察和测试分析。结果表明:随着轧制道次的增加,复合材料中Ti层和Ni层显微组织细化明显,均匀程度提高,ARB 5道次后,Ti、Ni层的平均晶粒尺寸分别为200和300 nm;复合材料的抗拉强度、显微硬度显著提高;ARB 5道次后抗拉强度达到810 MPa,延伸率为24.4%,Ti、Ni层平均HV显微硬度分别为2.33和2.29 GPa。在ARB 0~5道次轧制变形过程中,界面处无明显的原子扩散现象发生。     

ZK60镁合金异步降温轧制显微组织与力学性能的演变（英文）

将异步降温轧制应用于制造沿轧制方向具有弱基面织构的细晶ZK60镁合金板。结果表明,多道次降温轧制可以显著改善显微结构的均匀性,细化晶粒尺寸。同时,在轧制过程中逐渐形成沿横向的纤维织构。重要的是,沿轧向的剪切变形使基面的c轴向轧向旋转,削弱沿此方向的基面织构。受这种显微结构变化的影响,由于连续的晶粒细化和柱面滑移的增加,沿横向的屈服强度持续增加,而由于应变硬化能力的下降,均匀伸长率下降。相反,沿轧向的基面织构的持续减弱大大抵消晶粒细化所带来的强化效果,从而导致屈服强度的轻微下降。     

往复镦挤和热处理的稀土镁合金组织和性能变化

采用往复镦挤(RUE)工艺可以对合金进行剧烈塑性变形。应用降温RUE工艺对Mg-12.0Gd-4.5Y-2.0Zn-0.4Zr(wt%)合金进行不同道次的变形和热处理,对比分析了其微观组织、织构及力学性能的演变。结果发现:随着变形道次的增加,合金粗大晶粒减少,动态再结晶晶粒数量分数升高,动态再结晶晶粒对原始晶粒的吞噬作用促进了晶粒的连续细化,组织均匀性大大改善。同时合金(0001)基面织构最大极密度值随着加工道次的增加显著下降,动态再结晶晶粒取向随机分布,促进了基面织构弱化。由于组织细化和织构减弱,合金的室温抗拉强度及屈服强度均明显升高,在3道次变形和热处理后材料的力学性能达到最高。     

不同冷轧路径下ZX21镁合金板材织构及力学性能调控机理

研究轧制路径对ZX21镁合金板材织构分布和屈服各向异性的影响。结果表明:单向轧制板材形变织构为双峰基面织构,退火后呈现出垂直于冷轧方向分布的非基面双峰的织构特征。再结晶织构的分布与晶粒的定向形核和选择性长大有关,多向轧制可弱化晶粒取向分布的方向性,其晶粒尺寸相比单向轧制有所减小,退火后形成均匀分布的圈状织构,大幅降低沿轧面各个方向拉伸时基面滑移的施密特因子差异,改善板面内的力学性能各向异性,提高板材的成型性。     

Bulk texture evolution of Cu-Nb nanolamellar composites during accumulative roll bonding

A combination of accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and rolling is used to fabricate nanolamellar Cu-Nb multilayers with individual layer thicknesses (h) of 600 μm ? h ? 10 nm with a total strain imposed between 0.5 and 11.6. Neutron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to characterize the microstructures and measure orientation distribution functions of both phases as a function of layer thickness. Fiber plots are calculated from the orientation distribution functions in order to understand the texture evolution in the Cu and Nb layers with increasing strain. Results are compared with rolling studies of single phase Cu, single phase Nb, and cast Cu-20 wt.% Nb composite. Results indicate that textures develop in the Cu and Nb layers during ARB that are distinct from classical rolling textures frequently observed both in their single-phase counterparts and in rolled composites. The atypical texture that develops shows a preferential strengthening of specific β fiber components at the expense of others in Cu and a strengthening of the α fiber at the expense of the γ fiber in Nb. No dynamic recrystallization is observed in Cu, even at strains above 99.99%, further delineating the behavior from single phase and composite behavior previously observed. Viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) polycrystal simulations were carried out to provide an understanding of the texture evolution in accumulative roll bonding. Enforcing planar slip in Cu leads to texture evolution for VPSC consistent with observations. A reasonable fit for Nb could be produced via the selection of specific {1 1 0} and {1 1 2} slip systems.     

Rolling textures in nanoscale Cu/Nb multilayers

Rolling textures in nanoscale multilayered thin films are found to differ markedly from textures observed in bulk materials. Multilayered thin films consisting of alternating Cu and Nb layers with columnar grains were produced by magnetron sputtering, with individual layer thickness ranging from 4 μm to 75 nm and Cu/Nb interfaces locally satisfying the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K–S) orientation relations. After rolling to 80% effective strain, samples with a larger initial layer thickness develop a bulk rolling texture while those with a smaller initial layer thickness display co-rotation of Cu and Nb columnar grains about the interface normal, in order to preserve the K–S orientation relations. The resulting K–S texture has 0 0 1Nb parallel to and 1 1 0Cu approximately 5° from the rolling direction. A crystal plasticity model based on the Principle of Minimum Shear captures the K–S texture approximately and suggests that Nb drags Cu along in the rotation process.     

Production of High-Strength Al/Al2O3/WC Composite by Accumulative Roll Bonding

In this study, Al/Al₂O₃/WC composites were fabricated via the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process. Furthermore, the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and deformation texture of the composite samples were reported. The results illustrated that when the number of cycles was increased, the distribution of particles in the aluminum matrix improved, and the particles became finer. The microstructure of the fabricated composites after eight cycles of the ARB process showed an excellent distribution of reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix. Elongated ultrafine grains were formed in the ARB-processed specimens of the Al/Al₂O₃/WC composite. It was observed that as the strain increased with the number of cycles, the tensile strength, microhardness, and elongation of produced composites increased as well. The results indicated that after ARB process, the overall texture intensity increases and a different-strong texture develops. The main textural component is the Rotated Cube component.     

Strength prediction of multi-layered copper-based composites fabricated by accumulative roll bonding

This work aims to evaluate the feasibility of the fabrication of nanostructured Cu/Al/Ag multi-layered composites by accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and to analyze the tensile properties and electrical conductivity of the produced composites. A theoretical model using strengthening mechanisms and some structural parameters extracted from X-ray diffraction is also developed to predict the tensile strength of the composites. It was found that by progression of ARB, the experimental and calculated tensile strengths are enhanced, reach a maximum of about 450 and 510 MPa at the fifth cycle of ARB, respectively and then are reduced. The electrical conductivity decreased slightly by increasing the number of ARB cycles at initial ARB cycles, but the decrease was intensified at the final ARB cycles. In conclusion, the merit of ARB to fabricate this type of multi-layered nanocomposites and the accuracy of the developed model to predict tensile strength were realized.     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

1 Introduction The microstructure and properties of aluminium alloys are strongly affected by adding small quantities of scandium. Minor Sc may improve the temperature of recrystallization and fracture toughness, decrease the sensitivity of stress corrosi…     

Mechanical properties of ultrafine grained 5052 Al alloy produced by accumulative roll-bonding and cryogenic rolling

Mechanical properties in conjunction with microstructural evolution during annealing of 5052 Al alloy deformed at cryogenic temperature were investigated and compared with those yielded by the ARB process. ARB was conducted up to 7 cycles under conditions where the reduction in thickness per cycle was 50% and the rolling temperature was 300°C. To investigate the effect of annealing temperature, cryo-rolled sheets with 85% reduction were annealed in a temperature range of 150≈300°C for one hour. Strengths of 5052 Al alloy ARB processed at 300°C increased with increasing number of cycles and decreased rapidly after 6 or 7 cycles. This indicated that, during the ARB process, work hardening proceeded at low strains and subdivision of grains and dynamic recovery occurred at high strains. Tensile strength and yield strength of cryo-rolled 5052 Al alloy decreased as the annealing temperature increased. The volume fraction of recrystallized and coarsened grains appeared to have the most significant influence on strength and ductility in sheets annealed at 250°C.     

Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) characterization of warm rolled and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processed ferrite

An interstitial free (IF) steel was severely deformed using accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process and warm rolling. The maximum equivalent strains for ARB and warm rolling were 4.8 and 4.0, respectively. The microstructure and micro-texture were studied using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). The grain size and misorientation obtained by both methods are in the same range. The microstructure in the ARB samples after 6 cycles is homogeneous, although a grain size gradient is observed at the layers close to the surface. The through thickness texture gradient in the ARB samples is different from the warm rolled samples. While a shear texture (〈1 1 0〉//rolling plane normal direction (ND)) at the surface and rolling texture at the center region is developed in the ARB samples, the overall texture is weak. The warm rolled samples display a sharp rolling texture through the thickness with increasing the sharpness toward the center. These differences are attributed to the fact that the central region of ARB strip is comprised of material that was once at the surface. The ARB process can suppress the formation of shear bands which are conventional at warm rolled IF steels. EBSD study on the sample with 6th cycle of ARB following the annealing at 750 °C verified a texture gradient through the thickness of the sheet. The shear orientations at the surface and at the quarter thickness layers can be identified even after annealing. The overall weak texture and existence of shear orientations make ARB processed samples unfavorable for sheet metal forming in compare with warm rolled samples.     

Confined recrystallization of high-purity aluminium during accumulative roll bonding of aluminium laminates

Aluminium laminates consisting of high-purity aluminium and commercially pure aluminium have been produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) at ambient temperature for up to 10 cycles. To study the microstructure and texture development of the high-purity aluminium layers with regard to the shrinking layer thickness during ARB, microstructure and texture investigations were carried out by electron backscatter diffraction and neutron and X-ray diffraction, respectively. While the commercially pure aluminium layers develop an ultrafine-grained microstructure, partial discontinuous recrystallization occurs in the high-purity layers. The texture of the high-purity layers mainly consists of Cube and “Tilted Cube” (tilted with respect to the transverse direction) components. The experimental results are discussed with respect to confined recrystallization in the ARB aluminium laminates.     

Formation of nano-sized grains in Cu and Cu−Fe−P alloys by accumulative roll bonding process

Mechanical properties and formation of nano-sized grains in Cu and Cu−Fe−P alloys by the accumulative roll bonding (ARB) process were investigated. Nano-sized grains were successfully obtained in OFC and PMC-90 alloys by the ARB process after the third cycle. Once the 200 nm grains formed, further reduction in the grain size was not observed up to 8 ARB process cycles. For both alloys, the tensile strength values increased drastically in the initial stage of the ARB process. The tensile strength values of both alloys tended to saturate after the third ARB process cycle. The tensile elongation value greatly decreased by 1 cycle of the ARB process due to the strain hardening. After the third cycle of the ARB process, each alloy showed a gradual increase in tensile elongation due to the dynamic recovery. For PMC-90 alloy, the strength value was higher than that of OFC due to addition of the alloying elements. With increased annealing temperature, the nanosized grains tended to grow in OFC at 150°C, and after annealing at 200°C, coarse grains formed. On the other hand, in PMC-90 alloy, there was no grain growth up to 250°C due to the alloying elements (Fe, P).