半固态挤压铸造铝ZL104合金连杆的显微组织及力学性能（英文）

分别采用液态挤压铸造和半固态挤压铸造工艺成形ZL104铝合金连杆,研究不同工艺参数对连杆的显微组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:与传统液态挤压铸造相比,半固态挤压铸造连杆的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了22%和17%。半固态挤压铸造过程中,随着重熔温度的增加,平均晶粒尺寸和形状因子都增大;随着模具预热温度的升高,平均晶粒尺寸增大,形状因子先增加后减小;这两种情况下连杆的抗拉强度和伸长率都先增加后减小。但随着挤压压力的提高,平均晶粒尺寸减小,且形状因子增大,连杆的力学性能明显提高。此外,成形半固态挤压铸造连杆的最佳重熔温度、挤压压力及模具预热温度分别为848 K、100 MPa及523 K。     

A356合金连杆半固态挤压铸造工艺参数的优化

基于ProCast2008软件平台,用其自带的非牛顿流体模型Power Law Cut-Off (PLCO)来建立流动模型,对A356合金连杆半固态挤压铸造铸造的充型和凝固过程进行了数值模拟.研究了浇注温度、冲头速度、模具预热温度等主要工艺参数对连杆半固态挤压铸造铸件成形品质的影响规律,获得了连杆半固态挤压铸造铸造的合理工艺参数:浇注温度为576～583℃、模具温度为200～250℃、冲头速度为0.1-0.5 m,s-1.在该工艺参数下进行成形,金属浆料填充平稳,凝固时间较短,挤压铸件缺陷少.     

AlSi7Mg连杆半固态挤压铸造成形数值模拟

通过Magmasoft软件的Ostaward-de Waele粘度模型,对AlSi7Mg连杆的半固态挤压铸造成形过程进行了模拟,并对凝固过程进行了分析.通过数值模拟,获得了浇注温度、模具预热温度、冲头速度对连杆成形质量的影响规律.结果表明,优化的AlSi7Mg连杆半固态挤压铸造成形工艺参数为:浇注温度为576～585℃、模具温度为200～250℃、冲头速度为0.1～0.5m·s-1.在该工艺参数下进行半固态挤压铸造成形,金属浆料流动平稳,凝固时间较短,AlSi7Mg连杆铸件缺陷少.     

AlSi7Mg轮毂半固态流变挤压铸造成形数值模拟

利用半固态流变挤压铸造技术代替传统铸造来生产汽车轮毂。基于有限元软件AnyCasting和carreau表观粘度模型,对铝合金轮毂的半固态流变挤压铸造成形过程进行了数值模拟,研究了压射速度、浇注温度和模具预热温度3个主要工艺参数对半固态浆料充型和凝固过程的影响规律,并采用正交试验设计获取了最佳的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳的工艺参数组合为压射速度0.07 m/s、浇注温度595℃和模具预热温度225℃,同时得出半固态浆料的浇注温度对铸件缺陷的影响最大,压射速度其次,模具预热温度最小。     

挤压铸造对Al-Cu合金显微组织及溶质分布的影响

研究了挤压铸造工艺条件下,工艺参数对Al-5Cu-0.4Mn合金显微组织及Cu元素分布的影响。结果表明,合金在25MPa压力下成形时,初生α-Al晶粒尺寸得到明显细化;浇注温度越高组织变得越粗大;升高模具预热温度,晶粒尺寸增大且分布不均匀。挤压铸造改变重力铸造条件下Cu的逆偏析现象,从铸件边缘往心部的Cu含量呈现增加的趋势,主要原因为晶间富铜液相在压力的强制补缩下,通过枝晶骨架通道被挤向铸件内侧。Cu在α-Al基体中的固溶度随着压力的增大而增加;沿径向远离铸件心部,α-Al晶内Cu含量逐渐增加。在挤压力为100MPa、浇注温度为680～730℃、模具温度为200℃的工艺条件下,可获得晶粒细小、组织致密、宏观偏析少的Al-5Cu-0.4Mn合金挤压铸件。     

A356铝合金轮毂半固态挤压铸造成形数值模拟

通过建立A356铝合金的半固态表观粘度模型,采用计算机模拟方法对A356铝合金轮毂半固态挤压铸造成形工艺进行了研究.通过分析挤压速度、半固态浆料充填温度及模具预热温度对铝合金轮毂半固态成形性能的影响,探讨了不同条件下的金属流动特点和温度分布规律.结果表明,对该尺寸铝合金轮毂的最佳成形工艺:半固态浆料充填温度为600℃,模具预热温度为300℃,挤压速度为5 mm/s,保压时间为25 s.     

浇注温度对铝合金制动泵体流变挤压铸造的影响

高强度铝合金代替钢铁零件已成为汽车轻量化的一个重要发展方向。半固态流变挤压铸造生产的铸件,成品率高、力学性能好,有着广阔的发展空间。使用半固态流变挤压铸造工艺生产了汽车铝合金制动泵体,并通过金相实验和拉伸实验研究了浇注温度对铝合金制动泵体流变挤压铸造的影响。结果表明,在600~620℃浇注可获得金相组织呈近球状的制动泵体,且质量良好;随着浇注温度降低,铸件的晶粒尺寸变小,抗拉强度和伸长率增大。     

挤压铸造Al-5Zn-2Mg-1Cu-0.2Sc合金的组织与性能

采用流变挤压铸造制备了Al-5Zn-2Mg-1Cu-0.2Sc合金,通过拉伸试验、SEM和TEM等方法研究了浇注温度对半固态浆料、流变挤压铸造合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度降低,半固态浆料和流变挤压铸造合金初生α-Al相形貌逐渐转变为近球形,在晶界附近析出的第二相分布越来越均匀,平均晶粒尺寸减小,圆整度增加。当浇注温度为700℃时,半固态浆料初生相尺寸最小,约为35μm,平均形状因子约为0.49,流变挤压铸造后合金平均晶粒尺寸约为43μm。流变挤压铸造合金的力学性能随着浇注温度的降低逐渐提升。合金经过470℃×10 h+500℃×2 h双级固溶后,大部分第二相溶于基体中。120℃×24 h时效处理后,合金的屈服强度为539 MPa,抗拉强度为612 MPa,伸长率为11%。     

半固态触变反挤压锡青铜的组织演变和力学性能

对CuSn10P1铜合金进行半固态触变反挤压成形试验。研究冷轧变形量、等温温度及等温时间对CuSn10P1铜合金的微观组织演变和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：半固态触变反挤压能够有效地改善铜合金半固态成形件中的液相偏聚现象,冷轧变形量及等温处理工艺对半固态触变反挤压锡青铜微观组织和力学性能影响较大。随冷轧变形量的增加,平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,成形件的抗拉强度先升高后降低。随等温温度的升高和等温时间的延长,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,成形件的抗拉强度先升高后降低。当冷轧变形量30%、等温温度900℃、等温时间20 min时,半固态触变反挤压CuSn10P1铜合金成形件的组织和性能较好且各部位均匀。     

汽车用新型高温合金的铸造工艺优化

采用不同工艺参数进行了汽车增压器涡轮用新型高温合金K4002-Sr试样的铸造试验,并进行了高温耐磨损性能、高温抗氧化性能和显微组织的测试、比较和分析。结果表明:随浇注温度从1320℃升高到1400℃、模具预热温度从700℃升高到1200℃,试样的平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,高温耐磨损性能和高温抗氧化性能均先提升后下降。与1320℃浇注温度相比,1360℃浇注的试样磨损体积、单位面积质量增加值和平均晶粒尺寸分别减小59.3%、64.4%和43%;与700℃模具预热温度相比,模具预热温度为1100℃时试样的磨损体积、单位面积质量增加值和平均晶粒尺寸分别减小52.2%、59.6%和40.4%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。