四种小浆果浆汁活性成分及其抗氧化活性

为了对树莓、蓝莓、黑果腺肋花楸及蓝靛果四种小浆果浆汁进行初步活性评价,测定了四种小浆果浆汁的多酚、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、花色苷及总黄酮含量,并研究其体外抗氧化活性。结果发现,蓝靛果的多酚(4.659 mg/mL)、SOD(115.38 mg/mL)及总黄酮(10.717 mg/mL)是其他三种小浆果含量的1.5~7倍,花色苷(3.768 mg/mL)则是黑果腺肋花楸含量的14倍左右。以V_C作阳性对照,蓝靛果体外抗氧化效果最优,对·OH、DPPH·自由基的清除及对脂质过氧化的抑制作用的IC₅₀值分别为2.066 mg/mL、61.342 μg/mL和181.590 μg/mL,对O₂-·自由基的清除效果并没有明显优势。活性成分含量与抗氧化活性相关性分析表明,四种小浆果浆汁中多酚、花色苷、SOD及总黄酮含量与对·OH、O₂-·、DPPH·自由基的清除率及对脂质过氧化的抑制率均呈正相关性,且相关性显著。四种小浆果浆汁均具有较好的体外抗氧化活性,蓝靛果显示了最佳的抗氧化活性。     

五种小浆果抗氧化活性和相关营养物质的测定及主成分分析

为研究不同小浆果在抗氧化活性及相关营养物质上的品质差异,以黑龙江省5种常见的具有良好抗氧化活性的小浆果为研究对象,以蛋白质、可溶性糖、总酸、抗坏血酸、花色苷、总黄酮、总多酚含量和体外抗氧化活性为评价指标,对不同浆果的抗氧化活性和相关营养物质进行比较分析,并通过主成分分析建立浆果品质评价模型。主成分分析结果表明,共提取出3个主成分,累计方差贡献率达87.535%。蓝靛果、黑加仑和蓝莓的花色苷、总黄酮、总多酚等营养物质含量优于其他浆果品种。蓝靛果和树莓的体外抗氧化活性更强。黑加仑的总酸含量明显高于其他浆果。主成分综合得分排序为蓝靛果、黑加仑、蓝莓、红豆越橘、树莓。其中蓝靛果的体外抗氧化活性相对最强,花色苷、总黄酮和总多酚3种活性成分含量相对最高。     

不同品种蓝靛果化学成分及抗氧化活性比较

以黑龙江黑河果园产为产地的4个蓝靛果品种（1-100-82、蓝彷垂、加洛奇卡、蓝鸟）为试验材料,测定其成熟果实中的理化指标及黄酮、花色苷、多酚三种抗氧化物质的含量;以不同溶剂提取蓝靛果有效成分,测定提取物的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基（DPPH·）清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-·）清除能力、羟自由基（·OH）清除能力。结果表明,蓝彷垂百粒质量（135.50 g）、还原糖含量（9.51 g/100 g）高,适宜鲜食;蓝鸟多酚、黄酮含量最高（612.08 mg/g、458.20 mg/100 g）,加洛奇卡花色苷含量最高（322.64 mg/100 g）,适宜作为活性物质的提取加工品种;4种蓝靛果的醇提物抗氧化活性均优于水提物,在醇含量为60%时,抗氧化活力达到最高。     

5种浆果果酒抗氧化活性差异及综合评价

该研究测定了5种浆果（蓝莓（野生和北陆）、蓝靛果（野生和蓓蕾）、不老莓）果酒的理化指标、单体酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性,探究5种浆果果酒抗氧化活性差异,并通过主成分分析（PCA）对其进行综合评价。结果表明,野生蓝靛果果酒中的总糖、总酸、多酚、黄酮、花色苷含量最高,分别为3.82%、9.69 mg/g、12.58 mg/g、1.55%、1.21 mg/g,单体酚类物质中咖啡酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素、绿原酸、对香豆酸、芦丁含量最高,分别为66.19 mg/g、878.09 mg/g、13.28 mg/g、735.50 mg/g、275.32 mg/g、23.86 mg/g,其DPPH·清除率（92.29%）、 ·OH清除率（96.28%）和还原力（1.744）最强;野生蓝莓果酒的ABTS+·清除率（96.77%）和O2-·的清除率（50.54%）最强;浆果果酒综合得分表明,5种浆果果酒的抗氧化活性排序为野生蓝莓果酒＞野生蓝靛果果酒＞蓓蕾蓝靛果果酒＞不老莓果酒＞北陆蓝莓果酒。     

超高压处理对蓝靛果抗氧化物提取量及活性的影响

研究超高压处理对蓝靛果中总抗氧化物、花色苷、多酚、VC提取量及总抗氧化活性的影响,探索细胞微观结构与总抗氧化物提取量的关系。结果表明:提取压力为300 MPa时总抗氧化物提取量最高,为85.20 mg/g(以鲜果计);总抗氧化物冻干粉中总酚、花色苷、VC含量分别在300、400 MPa和对照组中最高,分别为136.48、4.12 μg/mg和27.14 μg/mg。提取压力为400 MPa时,总抗氧化物对2,2’-联氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐自由基清除能力(0.37 mmol/L)、Fe~(3+)还原能力(0.84 mmol/L)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力(91.5%)最大,表明400 MPa压力条件下提取的抗氧化物活性最高。观察电子显微镜图片发现400 MPa处理对蓝靛果细胞破坏巨大,有利于抗氧化物的提取,从细胞微观结构角度证明超高压处理可以提高蓝靛果抗氧化物提取量;差异显著性分析表明VC、花色苷含量部分组之间不显著,其他组之间差异显著。通过本实验证实:超高压处理可以促进蓝靛果细胞破碎,有利于溶剂与抗氧化物接触,提高抗氧化物的提取量及抗氧化活性。     

响应面优化微波辅助提取蓝靛果花色苷工艺及其抗氧化活性

为了充分利用野生蓝靛果,提高其经济价值,研究蓝靛果花色苷的微波辅助提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性。本文以小兴安岭野生蓝靛果为实验原材料,应用响应面法优化提取蓝靛果花色苷工艺,并分析了其对3种自由基的清除能力及其总还原力。结果表明,微波辅助提取蓝靛果花色苷的最优工艺条件为微波功率280 W、微波时间90 s、料液比1:25 g/mL、乙醇体积分数85%,在此工艺条件下,蓝靛果花色苷的提取量达(292.16±1.25) mg/100 g。蓝靛果花色苷有一定的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基、ABTS+·和超氧阴离子自由基有较高的清除能力,清除率分别达到89.20%、70.40%和 44.73%,同时有较高的总还原能力。该研究为从蓝靛果中提取花色苷提供了一种经济可行的方法,进一步挖掘了蓝靛果的价值。     

五种寒地果树果实的多酚含量、抗氧化活性及抗α-淀粉酶活性分析

为了探究寒地果树资源果实中的营养价值及体外活性,本试验测定了软枣猕猴桃、黑果腺肋花楸、草原樱桃、白穗醋栗和蔓越莓五种果实的总酚、总花色苷含量,比较了其抗氧化及抗α-淀粉酶活性,并进行了相关性分析,结果表明:不同寒地果实的总酚、总花色苷含量之间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。总酚含量为13.21~66.43 mg GAE/100 g,其中黑果腺肋花楸含量最高,白穗醋栗次之;总花色苷含量为0.15~46.45 mg C3G/100 g,黑果腺肋花楸含量最高,草原樱桃次之。另外5种果实的抗氧化能力也有所差异。用DPPH法、ABTS法、ORAC法、FRAP法测得白穗醋栗的抗氧化活性最强。用高通量淀粉浊度法测得白穗醋栗的抗α-淀粉酶活性最强,IC₅₀为0.122 mg/mL,高于阿卡波糖(0.16 mg/mL),其AE值为2034.18 mmol AE/g,高于阿卡波糖(1550 mmoL AE/g),且是其他果实的42~127倍。相关性分析发现五种寒地果实的总酚、总花色苷含量和抗氧化活性之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与抗α-淀粉酶活性之间无显著性相关关系。     

五种浆果多酚与黑木耳多糖复合物的辐射防护作用

电离辐射会对人体健康造成严重损伤,本研究选取东北地区特有的五种浆果及黑木耳作为原料,旨在开发具有辐射防护功能的复合饮料.分别对蓝莓、红豆越橘、蓝靛果、沙棘和山荆子五种浆果,以及黑木耳中的活性成分进行提取,复合后测定复合物中活性物质含量,并测定了其总还原能力及对辐射后大鼠脾淋巴细胞的保护作用.结果显示,选择的10种复合物中,沙棘、蓝靛果、黑木耳复合物中的多酚、花色苷和黄酮含量最高,分别为(4.34±0.08)、(4.84±0.13)、(1.17±0.05)μg/mL;同时该复合物总还原能力也最强,并且具有最显著的辐射防护功能,当浓度为10mg/mL时,大鼠淋巴细胞存活率由辐射组的49.26％±1.21％提高至88.77％±2.53％.因此,人们可以通过饮用复合果汁来增强机体自身的抗氧化及辐射防护能力.     

蓝靛果忍冬花色苷的研究进展

蓝靛果忍冬果实中含有大量的花色苷,具有诸多的生理功能,是继草莓、树莓、蓝莓之后的又一小型浆果。近年来,国内外学者对蓝靛果花色苷进行了大量研究,该文对蓝靛果忍冬花色苷的提取与纯化、结构鉴定、稳定性、生理活性等方面进行综述,以期为蓝靛果忍冬花色苷的开发与利用提供理论依据。     

黑果腺肋花楸分级提取物成分分析及抗氧化活性比较

为探究黑果腺肋花楸果实分级提取物活性成分含量及其抗氧化活性关系,以黑果腺肋花楸果实分级提取物为研究对象,比较分析其多酚、黄酮等活性成分含量及体外抗氧化活性的差异,活性成分含量采用紫外分光光度法测定,体外抗氧化活性通过测定DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基清除能力进行评价。结果表明,乙醇提取物中多酚含量最高,水提物中多糖含量最高,正丁醇提取物中黄酮、原花青素含量最高。5种提取物均具有抗氧化活性,但有所差异。体外抗氧化能力顺序为正丁醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>乙醇提取物>水提取物>石油醚提取物。黑果腺肋花楸果实分级提取物活性成分含量差异显著(P<0.05),其体外抗氧化能力可能是多种活性成分共同作用,且与黄酮和原花青素相关性较强。     

野生蓝果忍冬多酚鉴定及其抗氧化、降血糖活性

目的：对野生蓝果忍冬进行多酚成分鉴定和抗氧化、抗淀粉酶活性研究。方法：以我国小兴安岭地区的野生蓝果忍冬果实为材料,通过固相萃取技术分离纯化得到花色苷和非花色苷分离液,测定分离液中的化学成分,并测定多酚粗提液中总酚和总花色苷含量,抗氧化活性（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)阳离子自由基清除能力、氧自由基吸收能力）,抗α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性和脂肪酶活性。结果：野生蓝果忍冬果实中含有丰富的花色苷和非花色苷多酚,尤其是矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和山柰酚-3-芸香糖苷含量很高;蓝果忍冬多酚粗提液中总酚含量为82.7 mg/100 g,总花色苷含量为49.8 mg/100 g,具有较强的抗氧化活性;对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的半抑制质量浓度分别为0.39 mg/mL和0.933 mg/mL,对脂肪酶活性的半抑制质量浓度为12.31 mg/mL,说明蓝果忍冬可以作为一种有前景的淀粉酶抑制剂。     

火龙果不同部位发酵后活性成分含量和抗氧化活性

以红心火龙果和白心火龙果为原料,测定不同种类和部位火龙果(红心火龙果果肉,red flesh,RF;白心火龙果果肉,white flesh,WF;红心火龙果果皮,red peel,RP;白心火龙果果皮,white peel,WP)发酵液中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(总抗氧化能力、还原能力和羟自由基清除能力),考察酚类物质含量与抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明:不同种类和部位火龙果发酵液中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性存在显著性差异,且RP发酵液表现出最高的总酚(636.63 mg/L)、总黄酮含量(452.42 mg/L)及最强的总抗氧化能力(相当于V_C浓度169.32 mg/L)、还原能力(140.29 mg/L)和羟自由基清除能力(96.65%);总酚、总黄酮含量与总抗氧化能力、还原能力和羟自由基清除能力之间呈正相关,表明总酚类物质是火龙果中抗氧化成分。     

青钱柳叶活性成分的抗氧化活性及UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS分析

利用96孔板法测定青钱柳叶不同溶剂(水、70%乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷)提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力、总抗氧化能力),考察酚类物质含量与抗氧化活性的相关性,并采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spetrometry,UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)分析提取物中主要活性成分。结果表明:不同提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性存在显著性差异且70%乙醇溶液提取物表现出最高的总酚(219.01 mg GAE/g)、总黄酮含量(7.23 mg CE/g)及最强的DPPH自由基清除能力(35.46 mg TE/g)和还原能力(1.89 mmol Fe SO_4/g);总酚、总黄酮含量与DPPH自由基清除能力、还原能力之间呈正相关,与总抗氧化能力呈显著负相关,表明多酚类物质是青钱柳中主要的抗氧化剂。UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS分析70%乙醇溶液提取物并初步鉴定出22种化合物,包括2种有机酸、4种酚酸、5种黄酮、8种三萜皂苷类和3种酯类,其中酚酸和黄酮类化合物是主要的抗氧化活性成分,有机酸、三萜皂苷及酯类化合物可能是潜在的抗氧化活性成分。     

微波法提取菠萝皮中抗氧化活性物质的研究

本实验研究了菠萝皮中总酚、总黄酮的微波提取工艺和不同产地菠萝皮中总酚、总黄酮含量以及提取液抗氧化能力。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件是微波提取时间160s、微波功率450W、料液比1:40;产于海南、广东、广西三地的菠萝皮中总酚含量分别为979.0、898.1、839.6mg/100g;总黄酮含量分别为882.7、642.4、588.7mg/100g。产于广东、广西、海南的菠萝皮提取液都有较好的抗氧化功能,它们的提取液对DPPH·的清除率分别为87.6%、79.8%、81.6%比对·OH的清除效果更好。     

Variation of antioxidant activity and the levels of bioactive compounds in lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts from hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) cultivars

Peppers (Capsicum spp.) are a rich source of diverse bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. This study investigated the extraction efficiency of five solvents on antioxidant activities from cayenne (CA408 and Mesilla), jalapeño (Ixtapa) and serrano (Tuxtlas) pepper cultivars. Freeze-dried peppers were extracted using a Soxhlet extractor with five solvents: hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and methanol:water (80:20). The levels of specific bioactive compounds (phenolics, capsaicinoids, carotenoids and flavonoids) were determined by HPLC and antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods. For all pepper cultivars tested, hexane extracts had the highest levels of capsaicinoids and carotenoids, but methanol extracts had the maximum levels of flavonoids. Hexane extracts showed higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrozyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and higher reducing power, and acetone extracts (from Mesilla pepper) had a high reducing power. All pepper extracts, except hexane, were effective in preventing deoxyribose degradation, and the inhibition was increased by high concentrations of extracts. The results of the present study indicated that, among the different measures of antioxidant activity, DPPH radical-scavenging activity was strongly correlated with total bioactive compounds (capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolics) in pepper cultivars.     

Antioxidant,Free Radical Scavenging,and Antimicrobial Activities of Ajuga iva Leaf Extracts

The antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, flavonoids, and condensed tannin contents of Ajuga iva leaf extracts obtained with different solvent polarities were investigated. The antibacterial and antifungal proprieties were also studied using different microorganisms. The methanol extract with the highest amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids showed the highest antioxidant activities in all assays, followed by the aqueous chloroform and hexane extracts, respectively. The methanol extracts of Ajuga iva exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activities, indicating that Ajuga iva leaves might be used in further investigations for developing new antioxidants.     

Dehydration Techniques Affect Phytochemical Contents and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Saskatoon berries (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)

ABSTRACT: Saskatoon berries ( Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., cv. Thiessen and Smoky) were dehydrated using freeze-drying (FD), vacuum microwave drying (VMD), air-drying (AD), and a combination of air-drying and vacuum microwave drying (CD) methods. All processed berries had significantly reduced ( P < 0.05) total phenolics and anthocyanin contents in addition to reduced antioxidant activities, as compared with fresh frozen (FF) berries. FD berries rendered the highest amount ( P < 0.05) of anthocyanin and antioxidant activities, followed by VMD berries. The CD dehydration resulted in intermediate results between VMD and AD. The substantial decrease in both total phenolics and anthocyanin content in berries was corresponded to significant ( P < 0.05) losses in antioxidant capacities measure in different model systems.     

Antioxidant activities of cultivated and wild Korean ginseng leaves

Cultivated and wild ginseng leaves were examined for their various antioxidant activities. Both ginseng leaves were extracted with methanol and sequentially partitioned with solvents in an order of increasing polarity. Among various solvent extracts in cultivated and wild ginseng leaves, EtOAC extracts in both ginseng leaves showed the most powerful scavenging activities against DPPH radicals. Data on other antioxidant activities, measured by inhibition rates against lipid peroxidation and linoleate oxidation, revealed similar results, showing the highest activities in EtOAC extracts, followed by butanol, water, chloroform and hexane extracts, in both cultivated and wild ginseng leaves. EtOAC extracts of wild ginseng leaves contained more phenolics (9.71 g:4.87 g/100 g, dry basis) and flavonoids (3.03 g:2.34 g/100 g, dry basis) than cultivated ginseng leaves. When EtOAC extracts were acid-hydrolyzed, two aglycones of flavonoids, quercetin (0.43 and 0.66 g/100 g, dry basis) and kaempferol (1.23 and 1.50 g/100 g, dry basis) were detected in cultivated and wild ginseng leaves. These differences in concentrations of key antioxidants between two different ginseng leaves seemed to be responsible for their differences in antioxidant activities.     

Antioxidant activity of Smilax excelsa L. leaf extracts

Smilax excelsa L. leaves are used widely in the Black Sea region of Turkey for consumption in the daily diet and in folk medicine for their medicinal properties. In the present study, different antioxidant tests were employed in order to evaluate the antioxidant activities of water, infusion, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of S. excelsa leaves. In addition, the results were compared with natural and synthetic antioxidants. The levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and anthocyanins of the extracts were also determined. The extracts were found to have different levels of antioxidant properties in the test models used. All extracts had good total phenolic and flavonoid contents, inhibited lipid peroxidation, showed radical scavenging and iron-chelating activities. Therefore, the leaves of the plant could be considered as a significant natural antioxidant source.