基于ZEMAX的2100万像素手机镜头设计

通过ZEMAX光学设计软件优化设计,得到了一款超薄尺寸2100万像素手机镜头.此镜头由1个红外滤光片和4片光学塑料非球面透镜组成,镜头焦距为3.5 mm,光圈值F为2.4,视场角为68°,镜头总长为4.8 mm,同时采用Sony公司的IMX230型号2100万像素图像传感器.优化后镜头极限分辨率为446 lp/mm,中心视场调制传递函数(MTF)值在奈奎斯特频率223 lp/mm处大于0.53,在奈奎斯特频446 lp/mm处大于0.22,0.7视场MTF值在奈奎斯特频率223 lp/mm处大于0.5,在奈奎斯特频446 lp/mm处大于0.17,镜头各视场的弥散斑半径都小于1.5μm,最大场曲小于0.04,最大畸变小于2%,大部分视场相对照度大于60%,成像质量良好.     

折叠式微型数码镜头的设计

设计了一款折叠式微型数码镜头。该镜头的F数为3,视场角为52°,总长度为6.67 mm。该系统具有良好的成像品质。子午和弧矢MTF曲线在0.73视场、空间频率为285 lp/mm值大于0.3,系统的畸变约为-1.3%,该系统在最大视场处的相对照度约为70%左右,横向色差在0.9视场附近最大,约为0.42μm,小于单个像...     

基于CODE Ⅴ的手机摄像镜头光学设计

为了满足市场对微型、简单化手机摄像镜头的需求,运用光学设计软件CODEⅤ,结合非球面透镜理论,设计出用于可见光波段且符合结构简洁、生产成本低的要求的手机定焦镜头。该镜头F数为2.05,视场角为62°,半像高为2.4mm,系统总长度为5.59mm。为了使结构紧凑并且最大限度地降低生产成本,在结构设计中采用非球面的塑料镜片。设计结果显示:镜头的适应像素尺寸是1.1μm×1.1μm,相应的尼奎斯特频率为454lp/mm,在1/2尼奎斯特频率处绝大部分视场调制传递函数(MTF)值大于0.4,各个视场的横向像差均小于9.26μm,均方根(RMS)半径都在艾里斑之内,畸变小于1%,获得良好的成像效果。     

4P超薄800万像素镜头设计

针对手机镜头很难同时实现高成像质量和短总长的实际问题,通过对初始结构进行优化设计,得到一款全部采用光学塑料为透镜材料的超薄手机镜头。镜头采用四片式结构,光阑位于镜头前方,镜片全部采用偶次非球面。该镜头总长4.49 mm,F 数为2.4,视场角为65.5,焦距为3.71 mm,在探测器Nyquist 频率处MTF 均大于0.14,在半Nyquist 频率处MTF 均大于0.46,且畸变小于1.5%。光学系统各视场的均方根半径小于3.5 m。采用索尼公司的IMX111 型号CMOS 探测器,最大分辨率为32642448。通过模拟计算,得到该手机镜头的离焦量为144m。通过调焦,可以在物距大于10cm 时,得到像质较好的图像。通过灵敏度分析,镜头公差满足加工要求。该镜头设计长度较短,采用非球面塑料透镜,生产成本较低,成像性能良好,满足手机镜头的使用要求。     

大相对孔径高分辨率手机镜头设计

为了满足市场对手机镜头大相对孔径高分辨率的需求,采用E48R和LEXANH两种非球面塑料透镜,应用光学设计软件Code-v设计了一款大相对孔径高分辨率手机镜头。该手机镜头由5片非球面塑料透镜、1片红外滤波片、1片保护玻璃组成,其中第1片和第4片透镜为正透镜,第2片、第3片和第5片透镜为负透镜。结果表明,空间频率350lp/mm处,所有视场的调制传递函数(MTF)均优于0.2,0.7视场内的MTF均优于0.34,全视场内的场曲小于0.02mm,畸变小于2.55%。该研究为类似系统的设计提供了一定的参考价值。     

2.5倍光学变焦内置式手机摄像镜头的设计

包含直角棱镜的第一镜片组作为系统的前同定组.采用系统的运动组及像面与第一镜片组不共轴的结构形式设计一个满足56°视场(FOV)角、2.5倍光学变焦及600万像索要求的手机摄像镜头.利用全动型变焦距透镜高斯光学法计算镜头结构.用Code-V优化镜头系统,畸变为-5%～5%,弥散斑大小均匀,调制传输函数(MTF)值在空间频率20 lp/mm处大于0.8,184 lp/mm处大于0.1.公差分析验证了镜头的合理性.     

1300万像素手机镜头设计

设计了一款由5片塑料非球面透镜和1个红外滤光片组成的1300万像素的手机镜头,系统采用1/3 inch(1 inch=2.54 cm)的CMOS作为该镜头的图像传感器,像素颗粒大小为1.12μm。镜头的焦距为3.9mm,F数为2.2,视场角为78°。在1/2极限频率处调制传递函数(MTF)值都大于0.4,可以获得优质的成像效果,最大畸变小于2%,相对照度大于36%,公差也相对较松,能够满足生产中的需要。     

小型化同心反射式手机镜头设计

基于现代社会对手机镜头高像素、小型化的要求,基于同心透镜原理设计了同心反射式手机镜头。通过光路计算,求解了系统的球差表达式,进一步获得了系统的初始结构。利用光学设计软件设计了光学系统,镜头采用像元大小为1.25 μm的曲面传感器,光学系统的F数为1.8,焦距为2.7 mm,最大全视场角为100°,系统总长为2.7 mm。设计结果表明,在空间截止频率400 lp/mm处,0.7视场的调制传递函数均大于0.34,全视场的调制传递函数均大于0.23,各视场的弥散斑半径均小于艾里斑。在全视场内,相对照度高于0.64,该设计满足手机镜头成像要求。     

像方扫描机制的红外成像制导光学系统设计

提出了一种新型的像方扫描机制的红外成像制导光学系统设计构型。该扫描系统体积小、结构简单,具有大视场搜索和小视场分辨的特点。设计了一个红外光学系统实例,工作波段为3.7~4.8 μm,焦距为80 mm,扫描视场为±15°,瞬时视场为5°。系统全视场MTF在17 lp/mm处均大于0.5,点斑均方根直径小于30 μm,满足光学系统的成像要求。     

大视场小型无热化长波红外镜组设计

跟随红外镜头小型化、大视场化的趋势,利用ZEMAX设计了一款大视场无热化小型长波红外镜组。系统匹配384×288@17μm的非制冷型长波红外探测器,工作波段为8～12μm。系统F数为1.6,相比于传统红外镜头,视场角更大,全视场达72°,尺寸更小,总长仅为6.96 mm。主镜头仅用3片镜片,通过两种红外光学材料的搭配以及6面非球面实现像差的校正和光学系统的无热化,工作温度范围覆盖-40～60℃。仿真结果表明,在空间频率15 lp/mm处,全视场的调制传递函数大于0.5,空间频率30 lp/mm处,全视场调制传递函数大于0.15。同时为了增大红外探测器的填充因子,提高能量利用率,在系统中搭配设计了放置于红外传感器前的微透镜阵列。实现了红外光学系统的小型化,为红外热像仪在智能手机上的应用提供了解决方案。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first