啤酒生产中玉米淀粉辅料糊化工艺改进

探讨了一种新的玉米淀粉辅料加工工艺，即在糊化锅内将淀粉直接糊化、糖化制成糖浆，然后直接导入煮沸锅，与麦汁一同煮沸、发酵。新工艺与传统工艺比较。大大缩短了麦汁过滤时间，制成的糖泉与麦汁成分相近，具有较传统工艺更高的麦芽糖．同时淀粉糊化后不需煮沸，节约了蒸汽能源。     

糖浆酒生产的探讨

以75%浓度的玉米淀粉糖浆为辅料生产高浓度麦汁,配后稀释技术,可以生产出 10°P或 11°P 醇厚型啤酒。它可以解决两大问题:其一,当发酵生产能力不足时,用于扩大生产能力;其二,当酒体稳定性较差或口味较为腻厚时,可用糖浆改善。目前糖浆酒已占我厂啤酒产量的30%。     

干啤洒的研究

<正>干啤酒一般采用10%左右的原麦汁浓度;实际发酵度在75%左右,糖化时通常使用淀粉辅料和糖浆,发酵是使用高发酵度酵母菌种和     

低醇啤酒专用糖浆的生产及应用

采用啤酒专用糖浆代替玉米和大米作辅料，可使啤酒生产工艺简化，啤酒质量得到提高。低醇啤酒专用糖浆的发酵度比普通麦汁和低聚麦芽糖浆的发酵度低，且含有较低的麦芽糖和葡萄糖。采用二次液化法可生产出低发酵度的低醇啤酒专用糖浆，并用其可生产出合格的低醇啤酒。（孙悟）     

关于高浓酿造试生产报告

我公司近期进行了用玉米淀粉糖浆 (高麦芽糖浆 )代替大米作辅料进行高浓酿造的大生产试制 ,效果较好。现将情况汇总如下 ,供广大同行参与。高浓糖浆酿造 ,即在全麦汁中添加麦芽糖浆代替大米辅料 ,做成 15～ 16°Ｐ的麦汁 ,添加高浓发酵酵母进行高浓发酵 ,至酒成熟后稀释为 10°Ｐ或 11°Ｐ啤酒。高浓糖浆酿造 ,是在原有设备基础上通过工艺的调整 ,提高设备利用率 ,减少投资 ,提高产量降低成本 ,增加生产的灵活性 ,解决淡旺季和现有设备生产能力不足的矛盾而推出的一个新项目。经过讨论确认 ,结合本公司生产实际状况 ,我们制定如下生产工艺 ,…     

玉米糖浆在啤酒中的应用

为适应我国啤酒工业的发展 ,近年来淀粉糖行业开发了啤酒用淀粉糖浆。糖浆做为啤酒生产中的辅料之一 ,它具有使啤酒生产成本降低、麦汁浓度易控制、啤酒厂排出的三废少等优点。并且 ,糖浆使用量仅 10 %～ 15 % ,即可生产高浓稀释啤酒。糖浆质量以总浸出物、可发酵性糖、麦芽糖三项为重要指标。总浸出物浓度高低和商品价格有关 ,目前所用糖浆浓度为 70 %左右 ;可发酵性糖关系到啤酒发酵度 ,其含量应由目前的 6 5 %提高到 70 % ;可发酵性糖最好大部分是同麦汁组分相似的麦芽糖 ,若葡萄糖含量太高 ,则啤酒口味发淡。1　啤酒生产常用辅料啤酒生…     

糖浆的检测方法

用糖浆作啤酒生产辅料,可以提高啤酒的发酵度,降低啤酒的色度,酿制超爽啤酒。但糖浆的品种繁多,有玉米糖浆以及其它淀粉糖浆,其所含的相对葡萄糖值,发酵糖量不尽相同。每个厂都要控制自己的啤酒指标,所以对进厂的每批糖浆进行检测显得尤为重要。下面谈谈糖浆所需检测的主要指标及分析方法,供同行参考。     

降低高浓啤酒发酵中高级醇含量的研究

为降低高浓啤酒发酵中高级醇的生成量,研究18°Bx麦汁啤酒酿造过程中的加糖浆方式、酵母接种量和麦汁中α-氨基氮含量对啤酒高级醇生成量的影响。结果表明：18°Bx麦汁发酵高级醇生成量显著高于12°Bx麦汁;分两次加入制备18°Bx麦汁所需的糖浆量、控制18°Bx麦汁的酵母细胞接种量为3×107个/mL以及麦汁中α-氨基氮含量为230mg/L麦汁时,均有利于降低18°Bx高浓啤酒发酵过程中高级醇的生成量。     

高比例玉米淀粉辅料制备超高浓麦汁技术研究

为实现高比例玉米淀粉辅料在超高浓酿造中的应用,研究了三段式玉米淀粉多酶法水解工艺,并利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计对酶制剂添加量进行优化,通过中试规模酿造实验对该工艺进行验证评估。研究结果表明：玉米淀粉使用比例50%,制备的麦汁浓度达到超高浓度,提高了生产效率。得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定了淀粉水解酶制剂的最佳添加组合及添加量分别为：pH 5.5～5.6,α-淀粉酶140 μL,葡糖淀粉酶80 μL,普鲁兰酶20 μL,在此工艺下得到的糖浆DE值大于65.0、转化时间缩短为3h以内。使用该水解技术制备的18°P超高浓麦汁能够满足啤酒厂工业化生产的需求,酿制的啤酒满足国家标准的要求。     

乳酸菌和酵母菌共生发酵茶饮料的研制

以玉米淀粉糖浆对红茶进行浸提,对浸提液进行乳酸菌和酵母菌的共生发酵,通过一系列正交实验确定了最佳工艺参数,制作出具有较高营养价值,并且风味独特的发酵茶饮料。     

啤酒专用麦芽糖浆的生产及应用

玉米直接生产啤酒专用麦芽糖浆，即不需把玉米加工成淀粉，而采用玉米直接粉碎，干法脱胚，酶法水解，并成功进行了啤酒的酿造试验。     

利用低温蒸煮工艺进行高浓度酒精发酵

本研究利用低温蒸煮工艺,探讨了玉米淀粉的高浓度酒精发酵。在80℃下对玉米粉进行蒸煮15min,同时加α—淀粉酶进行液化。经冷却后,在55℃下加糖化酶糖化30min。再度冷却到30℃,加酵母菌悬液发酵70h。并利用这一技术研究了产高浓度酒精酵母菌株的最佳发酵条件。在加糖化酶量200～300u/g原料。酵母接种量为3％(v/v),发酵温度为30℃,pH4～4.5,发酵周期为70h,原料水比为1:2条件下,所选用的菌株之一W_4可以产生17.5％(v/v)乙醇。发现该菌株在发酵速度和耐酒精能力方面明显地优于国内酒精厂常用的酵母菌株1300。在发酵结束时,成熟发酵醪的pH值为4.2。外观糖度为0(Bx),残还原糖为0.19％,残总糖为3.6％,淀粉利用率为90％。     

Analysis of flavour compounds in beer with extruded corn starch as an adjunct

Extruded corn starch (ECS) was used as an adjunct during beer fermentation and the fermentable sugars in the wort made with ECS and cooked corn starch (CCS) were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The flavour compounds of beer made using ECS and CCS were determined using headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and eight volatile compounds in ECS and CCS beer were quantified using gas chromatography (GC). Five fermentable sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, maltotriose) were detected in both samples, and their content in ECS wort was higher than in CCS wort, except for maltose. Seventy‐three flavour compounds were identified and quantified in ECS beer, while 58 compounds were determined in CCS beer. Both ECS and CCS can be used to produce beer; however, the concentration of characteristic beer flavour compounds in ECS beer was higher than in CCS beer. Copyright © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

UNMALTED CEREAL PRODUCTS FOR BEER BREWING. PART I. THE USE OF HIGH PERCENTAGES OF EXTRUDED OR REGULAR CORN STARCH AND SORGHUM

On the basis of results obtained in micro-brews four beers were produced on a 50 litre scale with 50% of the following adjunct materials: debranned sorghum, extruded debranned sorghum, corn starch and extruded corn starch. The extruded materials were processed in an infusion mash while the regular adjuncts were submitted to a preliminary boil, followed by a cooling step (to 45°C) and a subsequent infusion mash. The results indicate a normal fermentation in all cases, no impact of extrusion upon the colloidal stability and the colour of the resulting beers although the saccharification and filtration rates are seriously impaired during the production process inter alia due to the presence of intact starch granules in the extruded products. If these problems could be overcome, it seems perfectly possible to produce beers with high percentages of extruded adjuncts containing no nitrogeneous substances. Indeed, extrusion of debranned sorghum leads to the presence in beer of nitrogen containing compounds (e.g. alkylpyrazines) responsible for highly obnoxious flavours described by a professional taste panel as giving “artificial”, “coffee”, “burnt” or “caramel” odours. These negative flavour characteristics are absent in the beer produced with 50% of extruded corn starch.     

利用双酶玉米淀粉糖浆研制超干基酒

利用双酶法生产玉米淀粉糖浆,使其中含95%以上可酵解的葡萄糖。然后加入啤酒酵母、酒花等采取合理可行的加工工艺进行发酵,酿制出超干基酒。在此基酒中,可加入果汁、蔬菜汁等开发系列配制酒。     

无蒸煮生淀粉酒精发酵研究

从自然界分得野生型菌株黑曲霉n-11(Aspergillus niger n-11),进行了无蒸煮生淀粉酒精发酵研究。结果表明原料的种类、用酶量和醪液的浓度对酒精发酵有较大影响,酒母的接种量影响不大。该酒精发酵工艺砍掉了蒸煮工序,可以大大节约能耗等。50立升罐无蒸煮生淀粉酒精发酵试验已通过省级技术鉴定,结果如下。(1)薯干面原料:醪液酒度10.7％(v/v,20℃)。淀粉利用率88.6％。原料出酒率36.5％。(2)玉米面原料:醪液酒度12.4％(v/v,20℃),淀粉利用率90.7％,原料出酒率35.8％。     

GLUCOAMYLASES: MICROBIAL SOURCES, INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY — A REVIEW

Glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3) hydrolyzes polysaccharides from the nonreducing chain ends by cleaving α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic bonds consecutively. Glucoamylases are used mainly in the production glucose syrup, high fructose corn syrup, and in whole grain and starch hydrolysis for alcohol production. This paper reviews the status of glucoamylases with respect to microbial sources, biochemical and physical properties. Methods used to assay glucoamylase activity are also compared, with reference being made to the specificity of spectrophotometric methods in detecting end products of the enzyme action. Commercial glucoamylases and development of immobilization techniques are discussed. Also, structural analysis of glucoamylase and the main amino acids involved in catalysis and starch binding are emphasized. The cloning of the glucoamylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the brewing of low calorie beer is presented. This review highlights the use of glucoamylase in the food industry.     

糖浆在啤酒行业中的应用

啤酒生产所用辅料直接影响啤酒质量和成本。糖浆作为啤酒生产辅料之一，在国外使用较为普遍，国内糖浆工业则起步较晚，在1997年以后取得了快速的发展。应用于啤酒工业的糖浆主要有两种类型，一种是以纯玉米淀粉为原料生产的糖浆，例如麦芽糖浆、高麦芽糖浆、果葡糖浆、低聚糖浆等；另一种是以大麦为主要原料，以玉米淀粉或玉米(有时还用一部分麦芽)作为辅助原料，通过添加各种酶制荆使大麦分解，再浓缩精制而成的糖浆。主要根据使用目的和对啤酒质量的要求来选择糖浆。采用糖浆可以降低成本。(孙悟)