多信道车载网中基于时分多址的MAC改进算法

车载网(VANETs)需提供时延敏感的安全应用和非安全应用的通信服务.这就使得媒体接入控制(MAC)协议既要满足安全消息的时延和可靠率,又要保证非安全消息的服务信道利用率,给MAC的设计提出了挑战.为此,提出基于时分多址的MAC改进算法(I-TDMA-MAC).I-TDMA-MAC算法在每个同步帧内给每辆车分配两个子时隙,旨在提高无碰撞信道接入率和安全消息的传递率.同时,对空闲时隙采取重分配策略,并基于最短作业优先准则(SJF)给空闲时隙设置优先级,旨在提高服务信道利用率.仿真结果表明,提出的I-TDMA-MAC算法的安全消息传递率高达99%,当车流密度到达100 vehicle/km时,服务信道利用率接近于90%.     

FHCF: A Simple and Efficient Scheduling Scheme for IEEE 802.11e Wireless LAN

The IEEE 802.11e medium access control (MAC) layer protocol is an emerging standard to support quality of service (QoS) in 802.11 wireless networks. Some recent work shows that the 802.11e hybrid coordination function (HCF) can improve significantly the QoS support in 802.11 networks. A simple HCF referenced scheduler has been proposed in the 802.11e which takes into account the QoS requirements of flows and allocates time to stations on the basis of the mean sending rate. As we show in this paper, this HCF referenced scheduling algorithm is only efficient and works well for flows with strict constant bit rate (CBR) characteristics. However, a lot of real-time applications, such as videoconferencing, have some variations in their packet sizes, sending rates or even have variable bit rate (VBR) characteristics. In this paper we propose FHCF, a simple and efficient scheduling algorithm for 802.11e that aims to be fair for both CBR and VBR flows. FHCF uses queue length estimations to tune its time allocation to mobile stations. We present analytical model evaluations and a set of simulations results, and provide performance comparisons with the 802.11e HCF referenced scheduler. Our performance study indicates that FHCF provides good fairness while supporting bandwidth and delay requirements for a large range of network loads. Pierre Ansel received a multidisciplinary in-depth scientific training in different fields such as Pure and Applied Mathematics, Physics, Mechanics, Computer Science and Economics from the Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France. Then, he joined the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications, Paris, France in 2005 where he went further into electronics, databases, computer network security and high speed networks. He received a multidisciplinary master of sciences degree and an additional master of sciences degree in telecommunications in 2005. He did a summer internship in 2003 in INRIA, Sophia Antipolis, France where he worked on the Quality of Service in 802.11 networks at Planete Group, France. Then in 2004, he joined France Telecom R&D, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France to work on Intranet Security issues. He designed a WiFi security supervision architecture based on WiFi Intrusion Detection Sensors. He is currently a French civil servant and belongs to the French Telecommunications Corps. Qiang Ni received the B.Eng., M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan City, China in 1993, 1996 and 1999 respectively. He is currently a faculty member in the Electronic and Computer Engineering Division,School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, West London, U.K. Between 2004 and 2005 he was a Senior Researcher at the Hamilton Institute, National University of Ireland, Maynooth. From 1999 to 2001, he was a post-doctoral research fellow in the multimedia and wireless communication laboratory, HUST, China. He visited and conducted research at the wireless and networking group of Microsoft Research Asia Lab during the year of 2000. From Sept. 2001 until may 2004, he was a research staff member at the Planète group of INRIA Sophia Antipolis France. Since 2002, he has been active as a voting member at the IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standard working group. His current research interests include communication protocol design and performance analysis for wireless networks, cross-layer optimizations, vertical handover and mobility management in mobile wireless networks, and adaptive multimedia transmission over hybrid wired/wireless networks. He has authored /co-authored over 40 international journal/conference papers, book chapters, and standard drafts in this field. He is a member of IEEE. E-mail: Qiang.Ni@ieee.org Thierry Turletti received the M.S. (1990) and the Ph.D. (1995) degrees in computer science both from the University of Nice – Sophia Antipolis, France. He has done his PhD studies in the RODEO group at INRIA Sophia Antipolis. During the year 1995–96, he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Telemedia, Networks and Systems group at LCS, MIT. He is currently a research scientist at the Planete group at INRIA Sophia Antipolis. His research interests include multimedia applications, congestion control and wireless networking. Dr. Turletti currently serves on the Editorial Board of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing.     

Energy efficient TDMA-based MAC protocol associated with GAF for wireless sensor networks

The design of media access control (MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with the idea of cross layer attracts more and more attention. People can improve the MAC protocol by obtaining certain information regarding the network layer and physical layer. This article synthesizes and optimizes certain cross-layer protocols which have existed. On the basis of the routing, topology information in the network layer, and transmission power information in the physical layer, the time slot assignment algorithm has been improved in the MAC layer. By using geographical adaptive fidelity algorithm (GAF) to divide the grids, controlling of transmission power and scheduling the work/sleep duty cycle for sensor nodes, a new MAC protocol has been proposed to decrease energy consumption and enlarge the lifetime of WSNs. Simulation results show that the MAC protocol functions well.     

基于CDMA-TDMA结合的室内超声波定位方法

采用码分多址(CDMA)方式进行室内超声波定位,其相关运算量较大。针对这一问题,该文提出了基于码分多址-时分多址(CDMA-TDMA)结合的室内超声波定位方法。通过TDMA技术分时段发射经过CDMA编码后的超声波信号,利用到达时间差(TDOA)测距算法计算出未知目标的位置。采用MATLAB进行仿真,仿真试验中对4个信标分两个时间段发送的超声波信号进行发射与接收。结果表明,基于CDMA-TDMA结合的室内超声波定位方法能有效识别出信标节点,同时降低超声波CDMA定位方法中相关运算的计算量。     

Linear and non‐linear space diversity combining algorithms over fading channels in TDMA systems

This paper investigates the performances of various adaptive algorithms for space diversity combining in time division multiple access (TDMA) digital cellular mobile radio systems. Two linear adaptive algorithms are investigated, the least mean square (LMS) and the square root Kalman (SRK) algorithm. These algorithms are based on the minimization of the mean‐square error. However, the optimal performance can only be obtained using algorithms satisfying the minimum bit error rate (BER) criterion. This criterion can be satisfied using non‐linear signal processing techniques such as artificial neural networks. An artificial neural network combiner model is developed, based on the recurrent neural network (RNN) structure, trained using the real‐time recurrent learning (RTRL) algorithm. It is shown that, for channels characterized by Rician fading, the artificial neural network combiners based on the RNN structure are able to provide significant improvements in the BER performance in comparison with the linear techniques. In particular, improvements are evident in time‐varying channels dominated by inter‐symbol interference. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

支持话音/数据分组并传的UPMA多址接入协议

本文提出了一种新的、支持数据/话音业务并传的多址接入协议——根据用户数目妥善安排分组传输的多址接入(User-dependent Perfect-scheduling Multiple Access——UPMA)协议,它根据实际需求对上、下行带宽资源实行动态分配.UPMA协议对不同的业务类型赋予不同的优先级,并用轮询方式妥善地安排节点的分组传输;同时,它采用独特的帧结构,使话音业务总是能够得到优先传输.本文还提出了一种高效的竞争接入算法,以保证激活的节点能够快速接入信道.最后,对UPMA协议的性能进行了仿真并与MPRMA协议的性能进行了比较,结果证明UPMA协议有更好的性能.     

运动TDMA系统目标时差定位算法

根据时分多址(TDMA)系统的同步特征,利用TDMA运动目标准周期性信号的到达时间,提出了3种在三站时差定位系统中实现目标定位的算法.采用目标运动分析的方法,对TDMA目标位置的可观测性进行分析,提出了目标运动分析时差定位算法,利用目标航迹上多个位置的时差实现目标的定位.运用目标运动分析测距算法,提出了测距与传统时差定...     

A Priority MAC Protocol to Support Real-Time Traffic in Ad Hoc Networks

Carrier sense multiple access and its variants have been widely used in mobile ad hoc networks. However, most existing access mechanisms cannot guarantee quality for real-time traffic. This paper presents a distributed medium access control protocol that provides multiple priority levels for stations to compete for the wireless channel. One common channel is assumed to be shared by all stations. Stations are assumed to be able to hear each other (i.e., the network is fully connected). The channel is accessed by stations according to their priorities, and for stations with the same priority, they send frames in a round robin manner. The channel access procedure is divided into three stages: priorities classification period, ID initialization period, and transmission period. Simulation results indicate that our protocol provides high channel utilization and bounded delays for real-time frames.     

一种基于服务质量(QoS)的分组预约多址协议

本文从用户角度和实际通信情况考虑,提出了一种基于服务质量的分组预约多址协议（ＥＴ－ＰＲＭＡ）。该方法利用用户信息之间的相关性,适当地调整分组预约多址（ＰＲＭＡ）协议中的话音用户再次竞争信道的概率,提高ＰＲＭＡ系统中话音终端获取信道的速度,从而达到提高话音业务性能,从计算机仿真的结果看,该方法对提高ＰＲＭＡ系统中话音业务的性能确有帮助。     

Ad Hoc网络中具有QoS保障的同步MAC协议

介绍了Ad Hoc网络中保障实时业务QoS要求的时间同步多址接入协议。该类协议以时分多址为基础,通过资源预留为实时业务预约固定的时隙,赋予实时业务接入信道的优先权,保证了实时业务的接入延时,延时抖动以及吞吐量等QoS指标,为Ad Hoc网络支持多媒体业务的接入奠定了基础。     

多跳AdHoc网络中支持MIMO的分布式拓扑未知时分多址接入协议的研究与分析

针对Ad Hoc网络和MIMO的有效结合,提出了适于多跳Ad Hoc网络的支持MIMO的分布式拓扑未知时分多址接入协议.该协议通过有限域无线网络设计算法在每帧给每个节点分配时隙且无需知道全网拓扑信息,这极大地减小了收集全网拓扑信息的开销.通过预约,每个节点在其分配的无干扰时隙并行发送MIMO链路的所有数据流,并在与其他节点共享的时隙发送MIMO链路的一部份数据流来解决传输冲突.同时推导出保证通过率和最佳帧长.结果显示动态分配MIMO的传输容量和抗干扰能力会极大地提高通过率.     

Terminal‐Assisted Hybrid MAC Protocol for Differentiated QoS Guarantee in TDMA‐Based Broadband Access Networks

This paper presents a terminal‐assisted frame‐based packet reservation multiple access (TAF‐PRMA) protocol, which optimizes random access control between heterogeneous traffic aiming at more efficient voice/data integrated services in dynamic reservation TDMA‐based broadband access networks. In order to achieve a differentiated quality‐of‐service (QoS) guarantee for individual service plus maximal system resource utilization, TAF‐PRMA independently controls the random access parameters such as the lengths of the access regions dedicated to respective service traffic and the corresponding permission probabilities, on a frame‐by‐frame basis. In addition, we have adopted a terminal‐assisted random access mechanism where the voice terminal readjusts a global permission probability from the central controller in order to handle the ‘fair access’ issue resulting from distributed queuing problems inherent in the access network. Our extensive simulation results indicate that TAF‐PRMA achieves significant improvements in terms of voice capacity, delay, and fairness over most of the existing medium access control (MAC) schemes for integrated services.     

移动Ad Hoc网络MAC协议综述

移动AdHoc网络(MANET)是移动节点自组织网络,由于特殊的应用环境成为现今研究的热点。文章对MANET物理信道的特点作了描述并对其MAC协议进行了归类和详细介绍,同时分析了各种协议的优缺点,最后对整个领域及未来的研究方向作了简要的总结和说明。