锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

硅材料由于其高容量和地壳中的高储量,成为近年来的研究热门。但硅材料的商业化还存在一些问题,主要是由于硅材料的体积效应导致的循环性能差和较低的电导率。本文综述了近年来对硅材料改性的一些方法,如：硅材料纳米化、碳包覆、合金化、预锂化,及与硅材料相匹配的粘结剂和电解液添加剂的研究等,并对硅材料的研究现状进行了总结和展望。     

锂离子电池硅基负极材料研究进展

在高能量密度锂离子电池开发中,应用最关键的是硅基负极材料。而硅基负极的实际应用受到首效低,导电率低,充放电时体积变化很大,造成循环寿命很短的限制。科研人员为此进行了大量的硅基负极材料的改性。本文从硅基负极材料的改性方法、补锂技术、导电剂、粘结剂和电解液添加剂这五个方面的研究进展进行了概述,为硅基负极的商业化应用开发提供了研究方向。     

锂离子电池硅基负极水溶型粘结剂研究进展

锂离子电池粘结剂分类及发展方向出发,介绍了锂离子电池硅基负极水溶型粘结剂,包括羧甲基纤维素类粘结剂、聚丙烯酸(酯)类粘结剂、聚乙烯醇类粘结剂、海藻酸钠粘结剂、水性聚氨酯类粘结剂;讨论了水溶性粘结剂在高能量密度锂离子电池中的应用;分析了各种锂离子电池硅基负极粘结剂的优缺点。各种粘结剂能够满足电池一定的性能需求,但综合性能并不完美。认为分子设计是改善粘结剂综合性能的有效途径,通过分子接枝、改性、聚合物共混和3D多孔支架构建是解决粘结剂各种问题的有效途径。     

锂离子电池硅负极材料粉化问题研究进展

硅作为锂离子电池的负极材料由于其很高的理论比容量（4212 mA·h·g^-1）而备受关注。硅材料的研究集中在解决充放电中体积胀缩所引起的粉化问题。通过调研近年来硅负极材料粉化问题研究进展,对比了各种方法的优劣和思路,在此基础上进行了简单的评述。     

锂离子电池硅碳复合负极材料结构设计与研究进展

综述了锂离子电池(LIBs)中使用的硅/碳(Si/C)复合负极材料的最新研究进展,从结构设计原理、材料合成方法、形态特征和电化学性能方面进行了总结,并分析了各种结构设计对改善性能的作用机理。讨论并提出了合理的Si/C负极材料结构设计以实现商业化的其余挑战和前景。     

锂离子电池硅碳复合负极材料结构设计与研究进展

综述了锂离子电池(LIBs)中使用的硅/碳(Si/C)复合负极材料的最新研究进展,从结构设计原理、材料合成方法、形态特征和电化学性能方面进行了总结,并分析了各种结构设计对改善性能的作用机理。讨论并提出了合理的Si/C负极材料结构设计以实现商业化的其余挑战和前景。     

锂离子电池中硅负极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池自身存在诸多优点,它的储存能量密度高,额定电压高,自放电小,电池寿命长,且工作温度区间很大,故其广泛应用于智能手机以及电动车中.构成锂离子电池的负极材料中最常见的是石墨,其层间的范德华力确保该材料在充放电过程中的稳定性以及循环使用寿命,但也存在两面性,由于晶格常数较小限制了锂离子能够插层的位置,容量值低,这限...     

锂离子电池多孔硅基复合负极材料的研究进展

概述了多孔硅基负极材料在锂离子电池中的应用,重点介绍了材料结构和复合方式对其电化学性能的影响;分析了导致其循环性能降低的主要原因,指出控制电池循环过程中硅基材料体积变化、抑制SEI膜的增加是改善硅基负极材料循环性能的重要途径. 对多孔硅基复合负极材料的研究进行了展望,提出在纳米化和复合化的基础上,设计特殊孔道结构、制备多孔的硅/碳复合材料是推进硅基负极材料应用的重要研究方向.     

锂离子电池硅负极材料储锂前后的ESR研究

本文采用电子自旋共振(ESR)来研究硅材料作为锂离子电池负极材料的机理。组装了以硅为负极材料,金属锂为正极材料的模拟电池,充电至不同的储锂状态后,测试了负极的ESR谱,并和储锂之前的硅材料的ESR谱进行比较,有助于从能带理论的角度认识硅负极储锂的机理。     

锂离子电池负极材料研究进展

能源是影响社会发展的主要因素,同时也是经济社会发展的基础。能源工业既是国民经济的基础产业,又是技术密集型产业。因此,能源科技创新在整个国家科技创新体系中占有十分重要的地位。锂离子电池因具有能量密度高、循环寿命长且无记忆效应等优点而被认为是最理想的储能元件。这也使锂离子电池电极材料的研究成为当近材料研究的热点。锂离子电池的关键材料之一是负极材料,正是因为负极材料的许多问题,限制了锂离子电池的进一步应用。因此,负极材料性能的提高十分必要。     

锂离子电池安全材料的研究进展

锂离子电池因其清洁、充放电快、高能量密度等优点广泛应用于电动汽车。最近,电动汽车起火、爆炸事故引起人们对锂离子电池安全性的担忧。针对锂离子电池电解液易燃、易爆、易泄漏等安全问题,本文综述了电解液中加入阻燃剂磷酸酯、离子液体、氢氟醚的最新研究进展及其优缺点。电池如果在过充危险状况下会造成热积累,进而引发电池内部一系列危险副反应。本文还总结了氧化还原保护和电聚合保护两种措施来避免电池过度充电的研究进展。由于锂电池发生危险事故前内部会有一个热积累过程以及随着电池内部温度上升隔膜难以保持其力学性能,本文分别从热响应开关正极材料和安全隔膜两部分阐述了近年来锂离子电池内部热积累的应对策略,以期为最终解决锂离子电池的安全问题指明方向。     

Nano silicon for lithium-ion batteries

New results for two types of nano-size silicon, prepared via thermal vapour deposition either with or without a graphite substrate are presented. Their superior reversible charge capacity and cycle life as negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries have already been shown in previous work. Here the lithiation reaction of the materials is investigated more closely via different electrochemical in situ techniques: Raman spectroscopy, dilatometry and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). The Si/graphite compound material shows relatively high kinetics upon discharge. The moderate relative volume change and low gas evolution of the nano silicon based electrode, both being important points for a possible future use in real batteries, are discussed with respect to a standard graphite electrode.     

锂离子电池隔膜材料研究进展

近年来,锂离子电池技术发展迅速,隔膜作为电池中的核心材料之一,决定着锂离子电池的性能,因此隔膜材料及制备技术亟需被深入研究。目前,商业化的锂电池隔膜以聚烯烃隔膜为主,制备工艺正从干法向湿法过渡,但是近几年已经发展出了不同材料体系、不同制备工艺的隔膜。本文简要介绍了聚烯烃隔膜生产技术,重点综述了非织造隔膜材料、涂层以及新型隔膜制备技术的研究成果,并展望了锂电池隔膜的发展方向。     

锂离子二次电池5V正极材料的研究进展

综述了近年来有关锂离子二次电池5V高电位正极材料的研究进展,对高电位(>4.5V)正极材料特别是尖晶石类正极材料的放电机理、材料结构和性能之间的关系进行了评述。5V电位可以在非掺杂其它过渡金属离子和掺杂其它过渡金属离子两种条件下产生,与此对应的氧化还原电对种类有所不同;表现出的电化学性能也有所不同。性能优良的材料的得到不但取决于对掺杂元素的正确选择,同样也取决于适宜的合成路线和制备方法与工艺。     

锂离子电池钒系正极材料的研究进展

锂离子电池具有很多的优良特性,发展很快并得到了广泛地应用。其中锂离子电池正极材料的研究主要集中在第四周期过渡金属的嵌锂氧化物LiCoO_2、LiMO_2、LiCoxNi_1-xO_2、LiCo_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2、LiMnO_2、LiMn_2O_4、LiMn_2O_4、LiFePO_4上,近年来,钒系正极材料的研究引起了人们的广泛关注。本文对钒系化合物LiV_3O_8、V_2O_5、V_6O_(13)、LiV_2O_4和LiNiVO_4等正极材料的制备方法、结构及电化学性能的研究现状进行了综述。     

Nanostructured Sn–Ti–C composite anodes for lithium ion batteries

Nanostructured Sn–Ti–C composites have been synthesized by a facile, inexpensive high energy mechanical milling process and investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion cells. Characterization data collected with X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveal an uniform dispersion of Sn nanoparticles within the conductive, amorphous (or poorly crystalline) TiC + C matrix. Among the three Sn–Ti–C compositions investigated, the Sn₁₁Ti₃₁C₅₈ composite exhibits the best electrochemical performance, with a capacity of ∼370 mAh/g and excellent capacity retention over 300 cycles studied. It also exhibits excellent cycle life with LiMn₂O₄ spinel cathode, suggesting a tolerance of the Sn–Ti–C anodes toward poisoning by the manganese leached out from the spinel cathode. The superior electrochemical performance of Sn₁₁Ti₃₁C₅₈ composite is attributed to a homogeneous distribution of the electrochemically active amorphous Sn, suppression of Sn grain growth, and the mechanical buffering effect provided by the conductive TiC + C matrix toward the volume expansion-contraction occurring during cycling.     

锂离子电池硅基负极黏结剂的研究新进展

硅具有较高的理论比容量,被认为是极具应用前景的锂离子电池负极材料。然而,硅在充放电过程中会产生巨大的体积变化,导致电极粉化脱落和容量的迅速下降,限制了硅基负极材料的应用。黏结剂是锂离子电池中一个不可或缺的组成部分,对体积变化较大的硅基负极而言,除了满足作为锂离子电池黏结剂的基本要求外,对黏结剂的结构和性能又提出了新的要求,黏结剂的选择对于增强硅基电极结构的稳定性并实现长期循环具有更加重要的意义。总结了近年来硅基负极材料黏结剂的研究进展,重点介绍了用于硅基负极材料的交联类黏结剂、导电类黏结剂和自修复类黏结剂等几种黏结剂的性能特点和应用,为选择和设计更加适合的硅基负极黏结剂提供研究建议。     

Machine learning of materials design and state prediction for lithium ion batteries

With the widespread use of lithium ion batteries in portable electronics and electric vehicles,further improvements in the performance of lithium ion battery materials and accurate prediction of battery state are of increasing interest to battery researchers.Machine learning,one of the core technologies of artificial intelligence,is rapidly changing many fields with its ability to learn from historical data and solve complex tasks,and it has emerged as a new technique for solving current research problems in the field of lithium ion batteries.This review begins with the introduction of the conceptual framework of machine learning and the general process of its application,then reviews some of the progress made by machine learning in both improving battery materials design and accurate prediction of battery state,and finally points out the current application problems of machine learning and future research directions.It is believed that the use of machine learning will further promote the large-scale application and improve-ment of lithium-ion batteries.     

Advanced structures in electrodeposited tin base anodes for lithium ion batteries

A novel composite anode material consisted of electrodeposited Sn dispersing in a conductive micro-porous carbon membrane, which was directly coated on Cu current collector, was investigated. The composite material was prepared by: (1) casting a polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/dimethylformamide (DMF) solution that contained silica particles on a copper foil, (2) removing the solvent by evaporation, (3) dissolving the silica particles by immersing the copper foil into an alkaline solution, (4) drying the copper foil coated by micro-porous membrane, (5) electrodepositing Sn onto the copper foil through the micro-pores in the micro-porous membrane, and (6) annealing as-obtained composite material. This method provided the composite material with high decentralization of Sn and supporting medium purpose of conductive carbon membrane deriving from pyrolysis of PAN. SEM, XRD and EDS analysis confirmed this structure. The characteristic structure was beneficial to inhibit the aggregation between Sn micro-particles, to relax the volume expansion during cycling, and to improve the cycleability of electrode. Galvanostatic tests indicated the discharge capacity of the composite material remained over 550 mAh g⁻¹ and 71.4% of charge retention after 30 cycles, while that of the electrode prepared by electrodepositing Sn on a bare Cu foil decreased seriously to 82.5 mAh g⁻¹ and 13%. These results show that the composite material is a promising anode material with larger specific capacity and long cycle life for lithium ion batteries.     

A comparative study of electrochemical properties of two kinds of carbon nanotubes as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Two kinds of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), i.e., short carbon nanotubes (CNTs-1) synthesized by co-pyrolysis method and long carbon nanotubes (CNTs-2) produced using common CVD technique were comparatively investigated as anode materials for lithium ion batteries via transmission electron microscope (TEM), high-resolution TEM and a variety of electrochemical testing techniques. The test results showed that the reversible capacities of CNTs-1 electrode were 266 and 170 mAh g⁻¹ at the current densities of 0.2 and 0.8 mA cm⁻², respectively, which were almost twice those of CNTs-2 electrode. The larger voltage hysteresis in CNTs-2 electrode was not only related to the surface functional groups on CNTs, but also to the surface resistance of CNTs, which results in greater hindrance and higher overvoltage during lithium extraction from electrode. The kinetics properties of these two CNTs electrodes were compared by AC impedance measurements. It was found that, both the surface film and charge-transfer resistances of CNTs-1 were significantly lower than those of CNTs-2; the lithium diffusion coefficient (D_Li) of both CNTs electrodes decreased as the drop of voltage, but the magnitude of the D_Li variation of CNTs-1 electrode was smaller than that of CNTs-2 electrode, indicating CNTs-1 exhibited higher electrochemical activity and more favorable kinetic properties during charge and discharge process.