热处理诱导枇杷果实抗冷性与组织保护酶系变化的关系

研究热处理对冷藏枇杷果实诱导抗冷性的影响效果.枇杷果实采后经38℃热处理15 h,然后在1～4℃下冷藏,测定分析贮藏期间果实冷害级别、出汁率和失重率、呼吸速率、丙二醛含量以及过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、脂氧合酶(LOX)活性的变化.结果表明:热处理减轻了冷害的发生,提高了出汁率,降低了失重率和呼吸速率,减少了丙二醛的积累,提高了POD酶活性,在贮藏后期维持较高的SOD酶活性,并抑制PPO和LOX活性的增加.热处理能够提高枇杷果实抗冷性,减轻冷害症状的发生.     

采收成熟度与冷藏枇杷果实木质化关系研究

以七成、八成和九成熟的“解放钟”枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. Jiefangzhong)果实为试材,于4℃贮藏期间测定3 种不同成熟度果实的品质指标及木质化相关酶活性的变化,确定适宜于冷藏的枇杷果实采收成熟度,以减缓冷藏期间果实木质化败坏的发生,延长其贮藏期。结果表明：果实冷藏至35d,成熟度越高,果肉木质化越严重,但七成与八成熟果实木质素含量差异不明显(P ＞ 0.05);木质化程度相对较低;八成熟果实的总糖和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量明显高于七成熟和九成熟果实(P ＜ 0.05)。不同成熟度果实可滴定酸(TA)含量以及4- 香豆酸辅酶A 连接酶(4CL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性差异不显著(P ＞ 0.05),九成熟果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)酶活性明显高于七成和八成熟(P ＜ 0.05),PAL 活性与木质素含量之间具有较高的正相关性(r=0.89)。不同采收成熟度与冷藏枇杷果实木质化密切相关,适于冷藏的枇杷果实以八成熟采收为宜。     

"大五星"枇杷冷藏过程中采后生理特性的研究

在4℃、8℃和12℃3种低温条件下冷藏"大五星"枇杷,检测其采后呼吸强度、硬度、细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量、PAL活性及自由基清除酶(POD、CAT和SOD)活性等指标的变化.结果表明8℃是"大五星"枇杷果实适宜的贮藏温度,4℃以下枇杷果实易发生冷害.在贮藏的过程中,枇杷果实呼吸强度一直呈递减的趋势,直到果实发生大量的腐烂也未见呼吸高峰.在8℃、12℃和常温下贮藏,果实的硬度、果皮的细胞膜透性、丙二醛(MAD)含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈上升趋势;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈下降趋势.果实的MAD含量与相对电导率、细胞膜透性呈显著正相关.在4℃贮藏温度条件下,从12d开始,果实硬度、果皮的细胞膜透性、MAD含量和PAL活性都明显高于其它3个温度条件下相同贮藏时间的果实,而自由基清除酶(CAT、POD及SOD)的活性相对比其它3种温度条件下贮藏的果实低.     

采后热空气处理对枇杷果实抗病性的诱导

研究热空气处理对枇杷果实腐烂和抗病相关酶活性及基因表达的影响。枇杷果实先用43 ℃热空气处理3 h,然后接种炭疽病菌,接种后的果实置于20 ℃条件下贮藏8 d。结果表明,热空气处理有效降低了枇杷果实的自然发病率,显著抑制了接种枇杷果实病斑直径的扩展,诱导了果实中几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）等抗病相关酶活性的增强。热空气处理还可显著诱导接种枇杷果实PAL、PPO、过氧化物酶和热激蛋白基因的表达。同时,热空气处理对枇杷果实的硬度、可滴定酸和可溶性固形物含量等品质指标没有显著影响,但促进了类胡萝卜素的积累。以上结果表明,热空气处理可通过诱导抗病相关基因的表达和抗病相关酶活性的上升,提高枇杷果实的抗病能力。     

UV-C辐照处理对高节笋冷藏品质的影响

为研究UV-C辐照处理对采后剥壳后的高节笋的品质、木质化和褐变的控制效果,本文将UV-C 4.0 kJ·m-2强度辐照处理剥壳后的高节笋于(6±1) ℃、85%~90% RH环境下贮藏15 d,分析硬度、呼吸速率、失重率、腐烂率、纤维素和木质素含量以及4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性等指标的变化。结果表明:UV-C处理对抑制高节笋切面的褐变,延缓高节笋的硬度、呼吸速率、失重率、腐烂率、纤维素和木质素含量的上升,抑制4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、过氧化物酶(POD)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性均有显著性作用(p<0.05)。研究发现,UV-C辐照处理能够通过降低木质素合成代谢的相关酶活以抑制采后去壳竹笋木质素的累积,从而延缓采后冷藏竹笋的木质化进程,使其保持良好的食用品质。     

NO熏蒸处理对冷藏枇杷果实木质化劣变的影响

为了探讨外源一氧化氮（NO）熏蒸处理对冷藏枇杷果实木质素代谢的影响,以‘解放钟’枇杷果实为试材,采用不同水平NO（0、5、15、25、35、45 μL/L）熏蒸处理,于5 ℃条件下贮藏,测定冷藏过程中枇杷果实的硬度、出汁率、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、木质素含量及木质素代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果表明：NO熏蒸处理可延缓可溶性总糖及可滴定酸含量的下降,并抑制硬度的上升及出汁率的降低,较好地保持果实的商品品质。NO熏蒸处理显著抑制了苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂醇脱氢酶活性的上升,延缓了可溶性总糖含量的降低,且抑制了木质素含量的上升,从而延缓了冷藏枇杷果实木质化劣变进程,以15 μL/L和25 μL/L NO处理效果较为明显。     

枫香叶分离物抗氧化活性及对枇杷的贮藏保鲜效果

以枫香叶分离物（枫香叶依次经乙醇提取、乙酸乙酯萃取、大孔树脂层析、50%乙醇洗脱后所得产物）为实验材料,分别研究其还原力及对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、O2－·、·OH的清除能力和对枇杷的贮藏保鲜效果。用10、30、50 mg/100 mL的枫香叶分离物溶液对枇杷果实进行浸泡处理,6 ℃贮藏,每5 d测定一次枇杷果实的腐烂指数、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、相对电导率、过氧化物酶（POD）活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性、木质素含量等果实的品质和生理指标。结果表明：枫香叶分离物具有较高的还原力和DPPH自由基、O2－·、·OH清除率;且枫香叶分离物处理可以有效控制枇杷果实腐烂指数、硬度、细胞膜渗透性及PAL活性和POD活性的升高,延缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量的下降和木质素的积累,对于长期贮藏的枇杷果实具有较好的保鲜作用,其中以10 mg/100 mL枫香叶分离物的实用性较好。     

木姜子精油/壳聚糖/乳清蛋白复合膜对枇杷品质的影响

为研究枇杷冷藏期间木质化及相关酶活性的变化,以期延长其货架期。以壳聚糖和乳清蛋白作为主要成膜基质,添加不同浓度的木姜子精油(0%、3%、6%、9%)配制复合膜液,将采后枇杷进行涂膜处理并在8℃条件下进行冷藏。结果表明:与对照组相比,木姜子精油添加量为6%的复合膜液能有效抑制枇杷水分的散失,提高出汁率,减少丙二醛的积累。其中,在贮藏第25天涂膜处理组比对照组失重率降低48.62%、出汁率升高15.35%、丙二醛含量降低29.62%。另外,该复合膜液能明显抑制多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalaninammo-nialyase,PAL)的活性,在贮藏第25天涂膜处理组木质素含量降低24.50%,从而达到保持枇杷贮藏品质,延长货架期的目的。     

鲜切雷竹笋冷藏过程中木质化机理的研究

研究鲜切雷竹笋在4℃冷藏条件下苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力及丙二醛(MDA)、多酚、木质素含量的变化规律,探讨其木质化机理。结果显示：在冷藏过程中,PAL、POD活力、MDA含量呈先上升,后下降的趋势;PPO活力在前6d缓慢上升,第15天开始下降;多酚含量在冷藏前6d急剧下降,后缓慢上升,第12天又开始下降;木质素含量不断增加,基部为5%～26%,中部为3%～24%,尖部为2%～22%。结果表明：在冷藏期内,PAL、POD活力大幅度增加,是导致鲜切雷竹笋木质化的关键酶;酚类物质作为木质素合成的前体物质,参与木质素的合成;MDA可能参与鲜切雷竹笋的木质化进程,但需进一步验证;木质素含量从基部向尖部逐渐降低,木质化进程是从基部向尖部推进的。     

冰温贮藏对绿芦笋品质及酶活性的影响

以4℃冷藏作为对照,研究了冰温贮藏对绿芦笋品质及酶活性的影响.结果表明:冰温贮藏延长了绿芦笋贮藏期14d,提高其感官品质;同时,冰温贮藏保持了绿芦笋的硬度和色泽,减缓了Vc含量的降低,提高了其商品价值;冰温条件下绿芦笋多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性提高,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性降低,增强了自身保护能力,延缓绿芦笋衰老;但冰温贮藏对绿芦笋呼吸作用和乙烯生成量的抑制效果不明显.     

高压静电场处理对鲜切黄甜竹笋冷藏下品质的影响

本实验研究了高压静电场对冷藏鲜切黄甜竹笋品质、木质化和褐变的影响。黄甜竹笋剥壳切段后经高压静电场(600 kV/m）处理120 min，而后于（6 ±1）℃、80%~85%相对湿度环境下贮藏10 d。结果显示:高压静电场处理显著（P<0.05）抑制了黄甜竹笋基部切面的褐变，显著（P<0.05）延缓了黄甜竹笋的呼吸速率、硬度、纤维素、木质素和H₂O₂含量的上升，同时也显著（P<0.05）抑制了苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase, POD）、肉桂醇脱氢酶（cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CAD）、多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase, PPO）的活性，显著（P<0.05）提高了超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）和过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）的活性。结果表明，高压静电场处理能够抑制采后鲜切黄甜竹笋的木质纤维化和褐变，延缓品质劣变。     

Use of 1‐methylcyclopropene for alleviating chilling injury and lignification of bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis) during cold storage

BACKGROUND: Bamboo shoot is sensitive to chilling, and low‐temperature injury is a major limitation to its long‐term storage. Studies on the causes of postharvest deterioration in bamboo shoot are few. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ethylene and 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) treatments on the physiological and biochemical responses of bamboo shoot and their ability as a postharvest tool to alleviate chilling injury and lignification of bamboo shoot during storage at 2 °C. RESULTS: Disease incidence, electrical conductivity (EC), respiration and ethylene production of control bamboo shoot increased after about 2–3 weeks of cold storage, associated with higher chilling injury (CI) index. Increased shoot firmness during cold storage was positively correlated with higher lignin and cellulose accumulation, and this accumulation of lignin in flesh tissue was also positively correlated with the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD). Ethylene treatment was associated with higher disease incidence, CI index, EC, respiration and ethylene production, enhanced lignin and cellulose accumulation and accelerated the activities of PAL, CAD and POD. In contrast, 1‐MCP treatment was associated with lower respiration, ethylene production, CI index and EC, reduced lignin and cellulose accumulation and retarded the activities of PAL, CAD and POD. CONCLUSION: The present findings throw light on the role of ethylene in postharvest physiological disorders such as chilling injury and lignification and suggest that 1‐MCP could be used commercially to control these disorders in bamboo shoot during cold storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

外源亚精胺处理对香菇木质化及相关酶活力的影响

本实验以香菇为原料,分别用10、15 mg/L和20 mg/L亚精胺溶液进行负压渗透处理,4 ℃贮藏16 d,研究了贮藏过程中硬度和木质素、几丁质、纤维素、总酚含量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（phenylalanine ammonia lyase,PAL）、过氧化物酶（peroxidase,POD）活力的变化规律。结果表明：所有处理均不能抑制香菇硬度下降,并均促进了纤维素含量升高;15 mg/L的亚精胺处理能够使贮藏末期几丁质含量不发生明显下降;总酚含量在贮藏过程中先增加后降低;15、20 mg/L的亚精胺处理组能够在4～6 d保持较低的PAL活力;而20 mg/L亚精胺处理在贮藏前期（4～6 d）能抑制POD活力,推迟木质化高峰的到来。     

外源GABA对双孢蘑菇细胞壁代谢及木质化进程的影响

为了探究γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)处理对双孢蘑菇细胞壁代谢及木质化进程的影响,本文研究了5 mmol/L GABA处理对双孢蘑菇几丁质、纤维素、木质素含量以及细胞壁代谢和木质素合成的相关酶活力的影响(4℃贮藏12 d)。结果表明:GABA处理能显著(P<0.05)抑制双孢蘑菇几丁质酶和纤维素酶的活力,减缓几丁质和纤维素的降解,这说明GABA处理能较好维持细胞膜的结构和抗压力。在贮藏6 d后,双孢蘑菇中的木质素含量不断升高,木质化进程不断加深。相关性分析表明,木质素含量与苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力(PAL)活力呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),而与肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)活力呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。GABA处理组木质素含量低于对照组,PAL活力高于对照组,而CAD活力却低于对照组,这说明GABA能够通过提高PAL活力和抑制CAD活力来降低双孢蘑菇木质素的积累,进而延缓其木质化进程。     

Effect of heat treatment on lignification of postharvest bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis.)

In order to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the quality of postharvest bamboo shoots, the firmness, disease incidence, respiration and ethylene production, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) activities, lignin and cellulose contents, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD) were examined during storage at 20 °C after heat treatment at 45 °C for 5 h. Heat treatment inhibited disease incidence and respiration, retarded ethylene production, and decreased ACS and ACO activities in bamboo shoots. Furthermore, heat treatment significantly delayed the rise in the activities of PAL, CAD and POD, which were associated with the inhibition of the synthesis of lignin and the delayed tissue lignification. These findings suggest that heat treatment could be a potential tool to delay lignification and decrease disease incidence in bamboo shoots during storage at 20 °C.     

Accumulation of lignin and involvement of enzymes in bamboo shoot during storage

Fresh bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox f. prevernalis.) shoots were harvested, and the changes of firmness, electrical conductivity (EC), respiration rate, ethylene production, total sugars (TS), reducing sugars (RS), lignin and cellulose content and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase POD were investigated during storage at 2 or 20°C for 30 or 12 days, respectively. EC increased quickly, with a more rapid rate at higher temperature, but it increased sharply after 24 days at 2°C. Respiration rate increased slowly at 20°C, while at low temperature (2°C) respiration rate and ethylene production significantly decreased. There was a quickly decrease in TS content at 20°C. Shoot firmness, lignin and cellulose increased and accelerated by higher storage temperature during storage at 2 or 20°C. Shoots firmness showed a positive correlation with accumulation of lignin and cellulose in the flesh. Among the enzymes associated with lignin synthesis, PAL and CAD activity showed a persistent rise over the whole 12 days, while POD activity increased rapidly within 6 days during storage at 20°C, followed by a slowly decrease. Accumulation of lignin in flesh tissue was also positively correlated to activity of PAL, CAD and POD. Our results suggest that the increase in firmness of bamboo shoots during storage is a consequence of tissue lignification, a process associated with increases in PAL, CAD and POD activity.     

不同处理对绿芦笋采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

研究了ClO2、NaCl、乙醇和热水处理对绿芦笋的低温贮藏效果及采后品质的影响。结果表明:50℃热水处理10 min处理能显著提高绿芦笋的商品率,延缓叶绿素和VC的降解,抑制过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,降低粗纤维的含量;50 mg/kgClO2处理抑制了POD和PAL的活性,降低粗纤维的含量,但促进了叶绿素和VC的降解,商品率低;5 mL/kg乙醇处理可以延缓叶绿素和VC的降解,提高绿芦笋的商品率,但对抑制抑制POD和PAL的活性、降低粗纤维的含量无显著效果;2.5%NaCl处理使POD和PAL的活性提高,粗纤维含量增加,在贮藏结束时已失去商品价值,没有理想的保鲜效果。