二维ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性（英文）

利用Zn_5(CO_3)_2(OH)_6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)的区域表面又生长出BiVO_4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400～600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光(波长大于420nm)进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

g-C3N4/MoS2纳米片异质复合物的球磨法制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用球磨法制备g-C₃N₄/MoS₂纳米片异质复合物,运用X-射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱和荧光发射光谱对异质复合物的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明：MoS₂纳米片可进入g-C₃N₄的层间形成异质复合物。以罗丹明B为模拟污染物,在可见光照射下考察了复合物的光催化特性。结果显示,含有2%的MoS₂纳米片与g-C₃N₄形成的异质复合物在120min内对罗丹明B降解率为98%,其降解动力学常数是体相g-C₃N₄为的4.3倍。g-C₃N₄/MoS₂纳米片异质复合物具有十分优良的光催化特性。其催化活性的提高主要归因于光生电子和空穴的有效分离和传输,并根据光捕获实验提出复合物可能的光催化机理。     

氮掺杂碳包覆Bi2Mn4O10锂离子电池负极材料的制备及其电化学性能(英文)

为抑制高能锂离子电池负极材料Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀容量的快速衰减,通过简单球磨法制备新型高纯Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀/ECP-N(ECP-N为氮掺杂科琴黑)负极复合材料。所合成的Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀/ECP-N复合材料在0.2C倍率下循环100次后可保持576.2m A·h/g的比容量,容量保持率为75%,而纯Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀的容量保持率仅为27%。3C倍率下Bi₂Mn₄O₁₀/ECP-N复合材料的放电容量仍保持在236.1 m A·h/g。引入氮掺杂的科琴黑ECP-N不仅可以有效地提高比表面积以缓冲体积膨胀,增强材料的电导率和可湿性,而且还可以促进离子传输和可逆转化反应。     

钠离子电池正极用V2O5/NaV6O15纳米复合材料的制备与电化学性能(英文)

采用VO₂(B)纳米阵列作为前驱体,通过水热法制备V₂O₅/NaV₆O₁₅纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和恒流充放电测试对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,纳米复合材料由一维纳米带组成,较好地保留了前驱体的形貌;水热反应时间对材料的相组成和电化学性能有显著的影响。V₂O₅/NaV₆O₁₅纳米复合材料比纯V₂O₅显示出更好的电化学性能,这归因于V₂O₅/NaV₆O₁₅纳米复合材料中具有高容量的V₂O₅和高循环稳定性的NaV₆O₁₅之间的协同效应,以及纳米复合材料中引入的大量相界面为钠离子嵌入提供了额外的位点并促进电子和离子的传输。     

新型锂离子电池负极材料Li1.1V0.9O2的制备及其电化学性能

通过固相合法制备了新型锂离子电池负极材料Li1.1V0.9O2,考察不同合成工艺对其结构、形貌及电化学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和恒电流充放电法研究了试样的结构、形貌和电化学性能。实验结果表明:采用两段烧结法合成的试样结构更完整、粒径分布更均匀、电化学性能更优良。在1 C倍率下,充电容量高达275 mAh/g,经过50次循环后,充电容量保持率高达96.73%。     

SnO2/Zn2SnO4纳米结构的制备及光谱性质

采用自蔓延高温合成-喷射法制备了SnO2纳米线和SnO2/Zn2SnO4纳米结构,利用XRD、SEM、UV-vis和FT-IR对其物相、形貌和谱学性质进行了表征。结果表明:SnO2纳米线凝胶对紫外-可见光的透光度随着SnO2纳米线加入量的增加而增加,但是,SnO2/Zn2SnO4凝胶对紫外-可见光的透光度却随着SnO2/Zn2SnO4的增加而减少;与SnO2纳米线相比,SnO2/Zn2SnO4在1090,1430,1640,3450cm-14个特征波长附近对红外光谱的选择吸收率明显提高,因而对H2O、CH4、CO和CO2等气体的敏感性将显著增强。     

壳聚糖基碳原位包覆的Fe3O4纳米颗粒的制备及磁性研究

采用原位杂化技术和水热碳化技术相结合的方法,以壳聚糖作为碳源,实现了壳聚糖基碳原位包覆的Fe3O4纳米颗粒的制备,并对其物相、形貌以及磁性进行了系统研究。XRD结果表明原位杂化技术实现了壳聚糖原位包覆Fe3O4纳米颗粒(CS-MNP)的制备;CS-MNP经水热碳化后实现了壳聚糖基碳原位包覆的Fe3O4纳米颗粒(C-MNP)的制备,且水热碳化降低了MNP中氧空位的含量(由Fe2.90O4转变为Fe2.94O4)。C-MNP的TEM形貌清晰表明,MNP纳米颗粒粒径约为25nm,且颗粒表面存在显著的碳包覆层。水热碳化前后,C-MNP表现为超顺磁性,且饱和磁化强度较CS-MNP有所上升(由55.5(A·m2)/kg提高到61.5(A·m2)/kg)。     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。     

高分散Li4Ti5O12纳米晶的制备及电化学性能（英文）

以月桂酸为分散剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成颗粒尺寸为120～250nm的高分散Li4Ti5O12纳米晶。通过研究表面活性剂月桂酸的含量优化制备工艺,制备出电化学性能最佳的样品。采用XRD、FESEM、TEM、激光粒度分析仪、交流阻抗以及恒流充放电测试,对材料的物理和电化学性能进行表征。在800℃下热处理10h后的高分散性Li4Ti5O12纳米晶显示出优异的电化学性能,在1C倍率下,首次放电容量为163.3mA.h/g,50次放电循环后,放电容量无明显衰减。研究表明,高分散性Li4Ti5O12纳米晶可以缩短锂离子的扩散路径,改善样品的电化学动力过程,有效地提高其高倍率性能。     

NiFe2O4尖晶石涂层用纳米Ni-Fe合金的电沉积制备与表征（英文）

采用直流电沉积技术在Ni基体上制备Fe含量为1%~39%(质量分数)的纳米晶FCC Ni-Fe合金涂层。利用X射线衍射技术研究Ni-Fe合金涂层的晶体结构、晶格应变、晶粒尺寸和晶格常数;利用X射线能量分散谱仪(EDS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析沉积层的化学成分和表面形态。结果表明,Fe含量对镍铁合金沉积层的择优取向、晶粒尺寸、晶格常数和晶格应变有较大影响。FCC Ni-Fe合金涂层的择优取向为(200)或(200)(111)。随着Fe含量的增加,(200)晶面的择优取向逐渐减弱,而(111)晶面的择优取向逐渐增强。当Fe含量为1.3%~25%(质量分数)时,Fe含量的增加使沉积层的晶粒显著细化。当Fe含量超过25%时,Fe含量的增加不再使FCC Ni-Fe合金晶粒尺寸减小。FCC Ni-Fe合金的晶格应变随Fe含量的增加而增大。由于Fe含量不低于25%的合金具有相似的晶粒尺寸(约为11 nm),所以晶格应变随Fe含量的增加不能归因于晶粒尺寸的变化。     

Effect of Bi2O3 on structure and wetting studies of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses

Glasses with different Bi₂O₃ contents (37-42 mol%) have been prepared by conventional melt quench technique. The IR and Raman studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [BiO₆], [BiO₃], [BO₃] and [BO₄] basic structural units. The vibrations of [BiO₃] and [BO₃] become stronger as the content of Bi₂O₃ increases, which makes glass structure loosened. Viscosity of the glasses was measured by using a Rheotronic III paralleled plate rheometry, which shows that the viscosity of glass samples decreased when the content of Bi₂O₃ increased at the same temperature (400-460 °C). The temperature range which suits for glasses sealing was calculated by using the approximation of Arrhenian behaviour. The wetting performance of Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses was described by using high-temperature microscope, which also proves that the structure of investigated Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses become loosened due to the increasing of the content of Bi₂O₃.     

Ag/BiVO4复合纳米纤维光催化性能的研究

本文采用静电纺丝法制备了不同Ag负载含量的Ag/BiVO₄纳米纤维复合材料,并对其相结构,形貌,可见光催化性能进行了表征。结果表明,Ag的引入能够很大程度的提高复合材料的光催化效率,10%Ag负载的Ag/BiVO₄复合纳米纤维能够在可见光辐照20min内将罗丹明B完全降解。这种异质结够有利于光生电子对的分离,提高光生载流子寿命,是Ag/BiVO₄复合纳米纤维光催化性能显著提高的原因。     

Modification of TiO2 nanorods by Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles for high performance visible-light photocatalysis

In this work, TiO₂ nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal process and then Bi₂MoO₆ nanoparticles were deposited onto the TiO₂ nanorods by a solvothermal process. The nanostructured Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue. The Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites exhibit higher catalytic activity than pure Bi₂MoO₆ and TiO₂ for degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Further investigation revealed that the ratio of Bi₂MoO₆ to TiO₂ in the composites greatly influenced their photocatalytic activity. The experimental results indicated that the composite with Bi₂MoO₆:TiO₂ = 1:3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhancement mechanism of the composite catalysts was also discussed.     

Structural and dielectric properties of Bi2Zn2/3Nb4/3O7 thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition at low temperature for embedded capacitor applications

Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin films were deposited on Pt/TiO₂/SiO₂/Si(1 0 0) substrates at a room temperature under the oxygen pressure of 1-10 Pa by pulsed laser deposition. Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin films were then post-annealed below 200 °C in a rapid thermal process furnace in air for 20 min. The dielectric and leakage current properties of Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin films are strongly influenced by the oxygen pressure during deposition and the post-annealing temperature. Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin films deposited under 1 Pa oxygen pressure and then post-annealed at a temperature of 150 °C show uniform surface morphologies. Dielectric constant and loss tangent are 57 and 0.005 at 10 kHz, respectively. The high resolution TEM image and the electron diffraction pattern show that nano crystallites exist in the amorphous thin film, which may be the origin of high dielectric constant in the Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin films deposited at low temperatures. Moreover, Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin film exhibits the excellent leakage current characteristics with a high breakdown strength and the leakage current density is approximately 1 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² at an applied bias field of 300 kV/cm. Bi₂Zn_2/3Nb_4/3O₇ thin films are potential materials for embedded capacitor applications.     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

Preparation and photocatalytic properties of sillenite Bi12TiO20 films

Sillenite Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ thin films with high photocatalytic activity have been successfully fabricated by means of chemical solution decomposition, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The photocatalytic activity of Bi₁₂TiO₂₀ thin films has been evaluated by photodegrading methyl orange solution and the effect of processing conditions on the photocatalytic activity has been studied in detail.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。