二维ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)纳米异质结构的制备及其可见光催化活性（英文）

利用Zn_5(CO_3)_2(OH)_6纳米片为基底沉积了BiVO4再通过煅烧成功制备了二维ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)复合纳米片。通过X射线衍射,透射电镜和元素映像技术表征了所制样品。结果显示随着锌与铋的原子比的上升,ZnO多孔片状的表面逐渐变成Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)物质。但其比例高于1:0.02时,在片状ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)的区域表面又生长出BiVO_4纳米颗粒。漫反射光谱测试显示出ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)复合物随着锌与铋的原子比的上升其在400～600 nm可见光区的吸收逐渐增强。所制样品在可见光(波长大于420nm)进行了光催化降解罗丹明B的测试,结果表明在所制样品中,锌与铋的原子比为1:0.0133的ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)纳米片虽然其可见光的吸收并没有明显增强但却表现出最佳的光催化活性。荧光与电化学测试得出了低含量BZVO的ZnO纳米片可见光催化活性的提高主要是因为表面ZnO/Bi_(3.9)Zn_(0.4)V_(1.7)O_(10.5)异质结构提高了光生载流子的分离与传送。这种二维材料的表面建造有利于光催化的进行。因此,此法可应用于其它二维纳米材料的建造以提高光催化活性。     

BiVO4纳米片的水热合成及可见光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,EDTA为络合剂,辅助水热法合成BiVO4方形纳米片;采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)、比表面分析(BET)等测试手段对产品进行表征和分析;探讨pH值对BiVO4颗粒物相与形貌的影响.结果表明:EDTA辅助水热法能够合成结晶良好单斜白钨矿BiVO4方形纳米片,该BiVO4方形纳米片宽度约为0.6～1.0 μm,厚度约为200～300 nm;相比m-BiVO4颗粒,该片状样品的紫外-可见光吸收边稍微发生红移,其能带隙减小至2.37 eV;变化溶液pH值可制备出片状、方片状、方块状和砖块状BiVO4颗粒.这些BiVO4颗粒在可见光范围内都具有一定的光催化活性,其中BiVO4方形纳米片对亚甲基蓝具有最强的可见光催化降解活性,可见光照射120 min后浓度为10mg·L-1亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率可达到100％.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Pt2+掺杂Bi2O3及光催化性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Pt2+掺杂的Bi2O3光催化剂(Pt/Bi原子比分别为1/100、2/100、3/100和4/100),以甲基橙为模拟有机污染对催化剂的光催化性能进行了考察。光催化剂用BET、XRD、XPS和紫外-可见漫反射进行了表征,结果表明Pt/Bi原子比为3/100时催化剂的比表面最高;经500℃焙烧后光催化剂晶型为α-Bi2O3;掺杂Pt2+后Bi2O3在可见光区的吸收增强;掺杂Pt2+后Bi 4f7/2和O 1s结合能均向低能端偏移,催化性能测试结果表明Pt/Bi原子比为3/100时的催化剂活性最高。增加的比表面、对可见光响应增强和结合能向低能端偏移均有利于提高Bi2O3光催化活性。     

La掺杂BiVO4微米球的水热合成和光催化性能

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O、NaVO3和La(NO3)3.5H2O为原料,以葡萄糖为结构导向剂,通过水热法制备La掺杂BiVO4微米球。采用XRD、XPS、SEM、FTIR、UV-Vis、BET、光催化技术等对产品进行了表征和分析。结果表明,采用葡萄糖(2.0 g)辅助水热法能合成结晶度高且形貌规整的单斜白钨矿La/BiVO4微米球,微米球直径范围为2~9μm,均由尺寸为30~65 nm纳米颗粒自组装而成。相比BiVO4块状颗粒,球状La/BiVO4的紫外?可见光吸收边发生了稍许红移,具有较小的能带隙(<2.4 eV),其中,2.0%La/BiVO4(质量分数)微米球表现出最高的光催化活性,其速度常数k为5.63×10?2 min?1,可见光照射10 mg/L亚甲基蓝溶液60 min时的光解率达100%。     

ZnO/TiO_2-纳米管光催化剂的制备与表征

采用改进的化学沉积法,用ZnO对TiO2-纳米管进行改性,制备ZnO/TiO2-纳米管的复合半导体材料。用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、X射线能谱仪、比表面分析仪,紫外-可见光度计等研究样品的结构、表面形貌和化学组成。通过光降解甲基橙模拟污染物考察其光催化性能,并探讨ZnO粒子表面修饰增强TiO2-纳米管光催化活性的机制。结果表明:n(Zn)-n(Ti)为1-4的ZnO/TiO2-纳米管复合材料具有最佳的光催化活性;Zn和Ti的协同效应改善了复合材料的可见光响应性。     

g-C_3N_4/BiPO_4光催化剂合成及光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O和Na_3PO_4·12H_2O为原料通过水热法合成了Bi PO_4,用g-C_3N_4分子对其表面修饰,利用超声杂化提高磷酸铋的光催化效率和稳定性。采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜和比表面积及孔隙度分析仪等对其进行了表征,并在光催化反应装置中模拟可见光条件,对合成的g-C_3N_4/Bi PO_4光催化剂以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物时的催化活性进行了系统的研究。结果表明:在掺杂g-C_3N_4之后,可见光条件下Bi PO_4的光催化活性得到较大程度提升。当g-C_3N_4掺杂量为Bi PO_4的7%时,该复合光催化剂在可见光下的光催化活性最高。     

PVP辅助水热合成Bi2WO6纳米花及其光催化活性探究

本文成功利用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)辅助水热技术合成了Bi₂WO₆空心纳米花,并对其结构和形貌进行了X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱和紫外可见漫反射谱表征。结果表明：PVP对Bi₂WO₆空心纳米花的形成起到关键作用。在未添加PVP时,钨酸铋呈现出实心的纳米片状堆叠的结构,仅在纳米片的表面垂直生长少量小片。而随着PVP的量增多,表面的钨酸铋纳米片发生劈裂,垂直生长的纳米片数量增多,以至最终形成了空心的纳米花状结构。同时,钨酸铋的晶粒尺寸随着PVP含量的增加呈现出先减小再增大的趋势。基于PVP对其比表面积和吸附能力的改善,这种空心的钨酸铋纳米花展现出良好的光催化性能。在35W金卤灯模拟的可见光照射下,3小时内对罗丹明B的降解率达到了47%。荧光光谱分析表明PVP辅助水热的钨酸铋纳米花也具有更高的载流子迁移率。     

光还原法制备Pd/ZnO及其光催化脱色性能研究

用光还原法制备了Pd/ZnO光催化剂(Pd/Zn原子比分别为1/100、2/100和3/100),以甲基橙为模拟有机污染物,对催化剂的光催化脱色性能进行了考察。光催化剂用 XRD、紫外-可见漫反射和表面光电压谱仪进行了表征,结果表明：当 Pd 沉积量为2/100(Pd/Zn)时电子-空恙分离效应最高,且光催化脱色活性最高;沉积Pd后ZnO在可见光区的吸收增强;高的电子-空恙分离效应有利于提高ZnO光催化活性。     

PVP辅助混合溶剂热法制备高可见光催化活性的花状Bi_2WO_6催化剂

以表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为结构导向剂,在乙二醇-水混合溶剂热条件下合成由纳米片组装而成的具有高可见光催化活性的花状Bi2WO6催化剂。并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外漫反射(UV-DRS)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,降低前驱液pH值,可得到正交晶系钨铋矿型结构的Bi2WO6光催化剂,其中pH值为1.0时、以1.0 g PVP辅助混合溶剂热法制备的Bi2WO6晶体呈花状,其直径为1.5~2.5μm。相比未添加PVP制备的片状Bi2WO6颗粒,花状Bi2WO6样品的紫外-可见光吸收边发生红移,其能带隙减小至2.51 eV,比表面积增大。可见光催化降解甲基橙溶液的结果表明,以花状Bi2WO6样品为光催化剂,可见光照射6 min、浓度为10 mg/L甲基橙溶液的脱色率可达到100%,循环使用5次后其光催化活性并没有明显降低,证明Bi2WO6是一种稳定有效的实用可见光催化剂。     

BiOCl/Bi_2Sn_2O_7复相催化材料的合成及其光催化性能

以四氯化锡(SnCl_4·5H_2O)、锡酸铋(Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O)、柠檬酸(C_6H_8O_7)为主要原料,通过控制水解步骤,采用水热法合成具有快速吸附-高效降解有机污染物的层片状球形BiOCl/Bi_2Sn_2O_7复相光催化材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及自由基淬灭等技术对复相光催化材料样品的晶相、形貌、光催化活性物种等结构与性质进行表征。结果表明:以20 mg/L RhB为目标降解物、光催化粉体样品添加量为0.1 g/L时,在可见光激发下,光照8 min后,RhB的降解率达99.7%;重复使用14次后,其降解率仍可达到99%,样品具有优秀的光催化性能。此外,光催化过程中自由基淬灭的反应证明,超氧自由基是起关键作用的中间反应活性物种。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg0.7Zn0.3)0.95Co0.05TiO3 ceramics with BaCu(B2O5) additions

The effects of BaCu(B₂O₅) additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were investigated. The (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics were not able to be sintered below 1000 °C. However, when BaCu(B₂O₅) were added, they were sintered below 1000 °C and had the good microwave dielectric properties. It was suggested that a liquid phase with the composition of BaCu(B₂O₅) was formed during the sintering and assisted the densification of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics at low temperature. BaCu(B₂O₅) powders were produced and used to reduce the sintering temperature of the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics. Good microwave dielectric properties of Q × f = 35,000 GHz, ?_r = 18.5.0 and τ_f = −51 ppm/°C were obtained for the (Mg_0.7Zn_0.3)_0.95Co_0.05TiO₃ ceramics containing 7 wt.% mol% BaCu(B₂O₅) sintered at 950 °C for 4 h.     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

Preparation and characteristic of spherical Li3V2(PO4)3

Spherical Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ was synthesized by using N₂H₄ as reducer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that single-phase, spherical and well-dispersed Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been successfully synthesized in our experimental process. Electrochemical behaviors have been characterized by charge/discharge measurements. The initial discharge capacities of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ were 123 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.3 V and 132 mAh g⁻¹ in the voltage range of 3.0–4.8 V.     

FRICTION WELDING OF Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 BULK METALLIC GLASS

采用摩擦焊对Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀块体金属玻璃进行了焊接, 当焊机主轴转速为4.0×10³---5.0×10³ r/min, 摩擦压力为80---100 MPa, 摩擦时间为0.2---0.4 s, 顶锻压力和保压时间分别为200 MPa和2 s时, 能够成功实施Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀金属玻璃的焊接. 用SEM, XRD和TEM观察分析未检测到晶化相, 焊缝处金属仍保持非晶状态. 金属玻璃的塑性在玻璃转变点T_g附近随温度变化很大, 在T_g以上具有良好的塑性变形能力, 这是实施摩擦焊焊接的重要基础.     

废旧锂离子电池中Li, Fe和V的回收及xLiFePO4-yLi3V2(PO4)3的制备

由于LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3材料的特征相近,制备方法类似,提供了一种从废旧LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3混合电池中回收Li、Fe和V,再制备xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3的方法。在空气气氛中600℃热处理1h后,去除粘结剂PVDF使活性物质与集流体分离。调节Li、Fe、V和P摩尔比,球磨、锻烧,配制不同比例的xLiFePO_4-yLi_3V_2(PO_4)_3(x:y=5:1,7:1,9:1)复合电极材料。表征了其形貌、结构和电化学性能,结果表明,回收制备的复合材料将同时具备LiFePO_4和Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3两种材料的电化学性能,能显著改善LiFePO_4的倍率性能。     

固相-水热法制备LiFePO4-Li3V2（PO4）3复合材料及其电化学性能（英文）

分别采用固相-水热法和球磨法制备磷酸亚铁锂-磷酸钒锂复合正极材料(LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3)。电化学性能测试表明,LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合正极材料的电化学性能远远高于 LiFePO4和 Li3V2(PO4)3单独作为正极材料的性能,并且以固相-水热法制备的复合材料性能优于以球磨法制得的复合材料。研究发现 LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3复合材料有 4 个氧化还原峰,相当于 LiFePO4 和 Li3V2(PO4)3 氧化还原峰的叠加。采用固相-水热法制备的LiFePO4-Li3V2(PO4)3 复合材料形貌较为规则,且有新相物质产生,这是导致其电化学性能较好的原因。     

Fe3O4/SiO2/Bi2WO6磁性复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

钨酸铋(Bi₂WO₆),结构最简单的Aurivillius相化合物,是近期受到研究者关注的新型光催化材料。然而,光催化剂粉末在反应介质中难被回收,工业化应用成本较高。本文用三步方法合成了可回收的Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆磁性复合光催化剂,通过溶剂热法合成具有磁性的Fe₃O₄,用溶胶凝胶法在Fe₃O₄表面覆盖SiO₂层,后将磁性颗粒与Bi₂WO₆纳米片相结合。光催化剂的形貌结构及性能通过XRD、SEM、PL、UV-vis进行表征测试。结果表明,直径约500 nm的Fe₃O₄微球附着在边长约500 nm的Bi₂WO₆纳米片的表面,SiO₂在两者之间起到了粘连作用。光催化剂Fe₃O₄/SiO₂/Bi₂WO₆对于罗丹明B的光降解活性较好,且有一定磁性,可以通过外加磁场将其从溶液中分离,有较大的应用潜力。     

Synthesis and characterization of Y3Al5O12 and ZrO2-Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings by combustion spray pyrolysis

Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ (8 mol% YSZ) coatings for potential application as thermal barrier coatings were prepared by combustion spray pyrolysis. Thermal cycling of as deposited coatings on stainless steel and FeCrAlY bond coat substrates was carried out at 1000 °C and 1200 °C to determine the thermal fatigue response. Structural and morphological studies on Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ coatings before and after thermal cycling have been carried out. It has been noted that the coatings on FeCrAlY substrates remain intact after 50 cycles between room temperature and 1200 °C, whereas the coatings on stainless steel show some minor damage such as peeling off near the periphery after 50 cycles at 1000 °C. Thermal diffusivity values of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ and 8 mol% YSZ films were measured by using photo thermal deflection spectroscopy and the values are lower than those of coatings produced by conventional techniques such as EBPVD and APS.