NaClO/CNC氧化淀粉的制备及其复合膜的性能研究

将纤维素纳米晶体(CNC)加入NaClO氧化体系制备氧化淀粉(OS),将氧化淀粉(OS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)/甘油(GL)共混制备复合膜,3种物质的质量比为OS∶PVA∶GL=20∶8∶5;并对OS和复合膜的性能进行表征。结果表明,在CNC添加量为0. 5%时,OS的羧基含量最高为1. 1%;此时复合膜的透明度达到最高值0. 66,且复合膜的热稳定性最好;在CNC添加量为3. 0%时,复合膜的拉伸应力达到11. 89 MPa。     

柠檬酸对挤压吹塑淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合膜性能的影响

为了提高淀粉基复合膜的阻水性和疏水性,选取羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯与聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基材,添加柠檬酸为交联剂,采用挤压吹塑法制备了淀粉/PVA复合膜,并对其流变性能、阻水性能、疏水性能和交联程度等进行表征。结果表明,随着柠檬酸添加量的增加,高聚物流体的表观黏度升高,淀粉/PVA复合膜的交联和酯化程度随之增加,淀粉膜的抗拉强度和拉伸模量呈降低趋势,而断裂伸长率先升高后降低;添加2%的柠檬酸,淀粉/PVA复合膜的阻水性最佳,疏水性最强,具有最小的溶胀度、最大的凝胶质量和最高的交联密度。     

硼酸交联对挤出吹塑变性淀粉/聚乙烯醇复合膜性能的影响

为了提高淀粉基复合膜的阻水性,拓宽淀粉膜的应用范围,以羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯与聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜原料,硼酸为交联剂,采用挤出吹塑工艺制备了淀粉/PVA复合膜。分析了粒料的流变性能,研究了淀粉膜的交联密度、力学性能、阻隔性能、疏水性能以及微观形貌等性质。结果表明,随着硼酸添加量的增加,淀粉/PVA复合材料的熔体流动性下降,淀粉/PVA复合膜的阻氧、阻水性能增强,而淀粉膜的抗拉强度和拉伸模量呈降低趋势,断裂伸长率先升高后降低。添加1%的硼酸,淀粉/PVA复合膜的表面更加均匀平整,疏水性最强,具有最小的溶胀度、最大的凝胶质量和最高的交联密度。     

几种增塑剂与乳化剂对魔芋葡甘聚糖/乙基纤维素共混膜机械性质的影响

本文研究不同增塑剂或乳化剂的添加对魔芋葡甘聚糖/乙基纤维素复合膜(KE)机械性质的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,随着不同种类的增塑剂(癸二酸二丁酯、环氧大豆油、柠檬酸三乙酯)添加量的增加(5%~35%,w/w),复合膜的拉伸强度表现为先升高后降低(p0.05),而断裂伸长率呈现先降低后回升的趋势。乳化剂的添加(0.1%~0.9%,w/w)对于复合膜的拉伸强度不会产生显著影响,但其含量的增加会导致断裂伸长率先升高后降低(p0.05)。癸二酸二丁酯添加量为20%时复合膜拉伸强度达到最大82.37 MPa。乳化剂司盘80添加量为0.7%时,断裂伸长率达到最大19.78%。基于以上结果,对增塑剂与乳化剂在KE膜上的作用机理进行了猜想并建立了假设模型。     

二醛基纤维素/明胶复合膜的制备与性质研究

该研究向明胶(gelatin, GEL)溶液中添加不同质量分数二醛基纤维素(dialdehyde cellulose, DAC)水溶液制备二醛基纤维素交联的明胶复合膜(D-GEL),研究DAC不同添加比例对D-GEL的结构、微观形貌、紫外屏蔽性能、拉伸性能、溶胀度、溶解度及水接触角、阻隔性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明,DAC与GEL溶液有良好的相容性,DAC的加入可增强D-GEL对紫外线的阻隔能力,显著降低D-GEL的溶胀度和溶解度;同时,D-GEL的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随DAC的添加先增后减,其中添加10%(质量分数)DAC的复合膜拉伸性能最好;DAC的加入可以改善D-GEL的表面疏水性,进而降低其水蒸气和氧气透过系数,添加20%(质量分数)DAC复合膜的阻隔性能最好。     

PVC/PVA复合膜材料的制备及其性能研究

为了改善聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂的亲水性和耐热稳定性,本文采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)对其进行共混改性,制备了PVC/PVA复合膜材料,考察了PVA用量对PVC/PVA复合膜材料亲水性、耐热稳定性以及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着PVA用量的增加,PVC/PVA复合膜材料的接触角从58.6°下降到37.2°,起始热分解温度从78.5℃增加到134.8℃,最大热分解温度从260.2℃提高到285.6℃,PVC/PVA复合膜材料的抗张强度和断裂伸长率均先增大后减小。其中PVA的用量为10%时,复合膜材料的抗张强度和断裂伸长率均最大,分别为7.5 MPa和5.8%。     

拉伸对熔纺聚乙烯醇/磷虾蛋白纤维性能的影响

采用磷虾蛋白(AKP)水溶液对聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行溶胀,弱化PVA的分子内或分子间作用,熔融纺丝制备了PVA/AKP初生纤维。再对PVA/AKP纤维进行水浴拉伸,拉伸倍率为1.2～1.8倍。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等研究了拉伸倍率对PVA/AKP纤维的氢键、表面形态和断面结构、结晶性、热性能的影响。结果表明:拉伸后的PVA/AKP纤维高分子链发生取向诱导结晶,高分子链排列更加规整有序,结晶性能和热稳定性均提高;吸水性和溶胀性能减小,当拉伸倍率为1.8倍时,吸水率为8.9%,比未拉伸的纤维减少了18.3%;断面结构更加紧凑,手感和柔顺性优于PVA纤维。     

羧甲基纤维素强化胶原纤维膜的制备及其性能分析

基于静电相互作用（离子键、范德华力）的蛋白质-多糖聚合现象成为改良可食膜的重要手段。本实验以酸溶胀胶原纤维（正电性）为基料,研究带负电性的羧甲基纤维素（carboxymethyl cellulose,CMC）对胶原纤维膜性能的影响。结果表明：当CMC添加量（以胶原纤维质量计,下同）过多（大于10%）,成膜液发生絮凝甚至分层现象而不能成膜;随着CMC添加量（范围为0%～5.0%）的增加,成膜液ζ-电势显著下降,pH值无明显变化,复合膜表面越来越粗糙,膜厚度增加,透光率显著降低（P＜0.05）;复合膜拉伸强度和杨氏模量随CMC添加量增加而显著增加（P＜0.05）,而断裂延伸率显著降低（P＜0.05）;当CMC添加量达5.0%时,复合膜的水蒸气透过率达到（32.41±0.86）g/（m·s·Pa）,阻氧性与膜溶胀动力学性能显著提高（P＜0.05）;此外,热稳定性分析表明添加CMC能够提高复合膜热稳定性。由此可知,CMC能够通过静电相互作用促进与胶原纤维的结合,提高胶原纤维膜相关机械强度和阻隔性能,从而为可食膜性能提升提供了一种可行手段。     

谷朊粉与玉米醇溶蛋白可食性复合膜的研究

研究了谷阮粉和玉米醇溶蛋白可食性复合膜的成膜条件及复合膜的特性。结果表明:复合膜中玉米醇溶蛋白的适宜添加量为25%。在各自最佳成膜条件下,复合膜的水蒸气透过率为5.97g·mm/m2·d·kPa,比对照降低了12.1%;拉伸强度为3.45MPa,比对照提高了22.6%。综合考虑水蒸气透过率与拉伸强度两项指标,确定适宜的成膜条件为:pH12、热处理温度70℃、乙醇浓度55%、甘油浓度10%,此条件下复合膜的水蒸气透过率为6.01g·mm/m2·d·kPa,比对照降低11.5%;拉伸强度为3.39MPa,比对照提高20.7%。该复合膜同时具有良好的热封性。     

响应面法优化纳米SiOx /蛋清蛋白复合膜的制备工艺

以蛋清蛋白为原料,固定纳米SiOx的添加量,用流延法制备分散均匀的纳米级复合膜。采用单因素试验和响应面分析法,优化了复合膜的制备工艺。以蛋清蛋白添加量、增塑剂添加量、增强剂添加量和交联剂添加量为试验因素,以拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及水蒸气透过系数为响应值,建立了拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及水蒸气透过系数的回归模型,优化的工艺条件为蛋清蛋白添加量8g/100mL、增塑剂添加量3.09g/100mL、增强剂添加量0.55g/100mL、交联剂添加量0.71g/100mL,在此条件下复合膜各性能的预测值分别为3.569MPa、59.784%、5.367g·mm/(m2·d·kPa),验证值为(3.492±0.183)MPa、(58.300±2.415)%、(5.570±0.077)g·mm/(m2·d·kPa),与之接近,优化结果可靠。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press