湿式冷却塔进风口加装导风板的优化设计

基于两相流传热传质理论,利用Fluent软件模拟300 MW机组冷却塔填料区使用多孔介质时的通风率,采用离散相模型（DPM）在配水区上表面加入热水,模拟研究新型旋流型叶片导风板的优化能力,给定不同弧度及安装角,分别在0、3和7 m·s^-1风速下计算冷却塔出塔水温,并分析侧风对冷却塔冷却性能的影响。研究结果表明：加装导风板可以降低侧风引起的不利影响,导风板数量为50块时效果最好,旋流型叶片导风板的最佳安装角为20°,此时旋流型叶片的最佳弧度为15°,最大温降可达0.787 4 K。研究结果为火电厂选择导风板提供了依据。     

导叶式升力型垂直轴风力机的数值研究

分析传统H型Darrieus风力机整体气动特性低的原因,从改善风力机极小攻角处极差气动特性出发,提出一种在极小攻角处添加导叶的导叶式升力型垂直轴风力机。采用非定常RNG湍流模型和滑移网格技术,对导叶式升力型垂直轴风力机的空气动力场进行二维数值模拟。比较分析0°方位角导叶对叶轮流场、叶片表面压差系数及叶片力矩的影响。研究结果表明,导叶改善了叶片表面负压差区,使叶片表面压差系数提高了56.2%,叶轮转矩增加了25.4%,有效地提高了风力机整体气动性能。     

一种升阻复合型垂直轴风力机

提出了一种基于活固叶片的新型升阻复合型垂直轴风力机。分析了这种风力机的空气动力学原理,阐述了其整体结构,设计并制造了一台扫风面积为0.49 m2的样机。在7 m/s的风速下,对其进行了性能测试:当负载扭矩为3.6 Nm时,风力机仍能可靠自启动,其功率系数曲线具有阻力型垂直轴风力机和升力型垂直轴风力机的双重特点;当负载扭矩为1.5 Nm时,其功率系数接近30%。     

阻力型垂直轴风力机聚风装置研究现状

阻力型垂直轴风力机具有结构简单、噪声小、不受来流风向影响等优点,但其功率系数较低。聚风装置不仅能有效提高阻力型垂直轴风力机的功率系数,还能改善其气动特性,故国内外学者对风力机外围的聚风装置做了大量的研究。文章详细描述了国内外阻力型垂直轴风力机聚风装置的研究现状,对其进行了分类整理和总结,旨在对阻力型垂直轴风力机的研究提供有价值的参考。     

1000MW机组自然通风冷却塔降低出塔水温方法研究

以冷却塔相关传热传质理论为基础,应用Fluent数值模拟软件,建立1000MW机组自然通风湿式冷却塔三维数值模拟计算模型。针对冷却塔中心区域换热效率低的问题,提出了在雨区加装导风通道的方案,通过导风通道将塔外冷空气直接导入塔内中心区域进行换热。并对不同导风通道的结构尺寸及个数进行模拟,结果表明:加装最优型导风通道后,冷却塔出塔水温可降低0.66℃。     

分流导叶垂直轴风力机气动性能研究

为提高垂直轴风力机气动性能,提出一种随相位角变化而改变相对夹角的分流导叶结构。以NACA0021为基础翼型,采用计算流体力学方法对分流导叶作用下垂直轴风力机风能利用系数、单叶片瞬时转矩、压力系数及速度场进行数值分析。结果表明：静态和动态分流导叶均可提高垂直轴风力机气动性能,且动态分流导叶提升效果更为显著;相较于静态分流导叶,动态分流导叶垂直轴风力机在尖速比为2.33时风能利用系数最高可提升23%,在尖速比为2.03时静态分流导叶垂直轴风力机较原始垂直轴风力机风能利用系数提高37%;分流导叶也可使最佳尖速比前移,稳定叶片转矩波动,提升垂直轴风力机的运行稳定性。     

垂直轴风力机叶尖速比分析研究

分析了垂直轴风力机叶尖速比选择的特点和影响因素;给出了垂直轴风力机叶片攻角与旋转位置的关系式;计算并分析了各种叶尖速比下的攻角分布情况;得出了垂直轴风力机最佳叶尖速比和相应的叶片设计要求。如果只考虑提高风能利用系数,垂直轴达里厄型风力机叶尖速比值应选择4。     

不同小翼对H型垂直轴风力机叶片压力分布的影响

以翼型为NACA0012的单叶片H型垂直轴风力机为研究对象,采用数值模拟的研究方法,分析叶片两端未安装小翼和安装3种不同叶尖小翼对H型垂直轴风力机叶片表面压力分布和叶尖涡的影响。结果表明:安装小翼均可提高H型垂直轴风力机的最大转矩系数,其中安装Winglet可提高H型垂直轴风力机起动力矩;增加叶尖小翼均对消除叶尖涡有利;H型垂直轴风力机叶片两端安装Winglet小翼较其他两种小翼效果好。     

基于降风阻力器的风电叶片激振降阻特性及试验

从实用的角度出发提出一种基于降风阻力器补偿的降阻增幅激振方案,即在靠近叶片尖部区域安装1个降风阻力器,减小叶片振动面受到的风阻。首先设计4种不同截面形状的降风阻力器,采用ANSYS/CFD软件进行数值模拟,得出锐角型和椭圆型具有更好的降风阻功能,且角度越小,降风阻效果越好。最后搭建1套基于锐角型降风阻力器补偿的风电叶片疲劳测试平台,试验结果表明,相同条件下该激振方式能很好地降低风阻,叶片稳定状态的振幅从750 mm增大到1000 mm,具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

Bezier函数型弯叶片及其在带遮风罩垂直轴风力机中的应用

引入X弯度与Y弯度2个参数,提出了一种基于Bezier函数思想的叶型几何参数设计方法,通过分析传统垂直轴风力机效率低的原因,在此基础上提出了一种带有遮风罩的垂直轴风力机,并将基于Bezier函数生成的弯叶片应用于该风力机中.通过CFD数值模拟方法,研究了该风力机的气动特性,以及各种叶片的弯曲形式对其气动性能的影响.结果表明:遮风罩可以有效降低因来流对动叶轮吸力面的直接冲击而造成的阻力扭矩,风力机平均扭矩可提高107%;叶片的弯曲程度是由X弯度和Y弯度共同作用的结果,当X弯度与Y弯度在一定范围内具有局部最优值时,所形成叶片的垂直轴风力机的气动性能最佳,与普通半圆形叶片相比,风力机总扭转矩提高了33.8%.     

The use of a curtain design to increase the performance level of a Savonius wind rotors

In this study, a curtain design has been arranged so as to improve the low performance levels of the Savonius wind rotors. Designed to prevent the negative torque on the convex blade of the rotor, this curtain has been placed in front of the rotor, and performance experiments have been carried out when the rotor is with and without curtain. It has been determined from here that a significant increase can be achieved in the rotor performance by means of the curtain design. Experiments of the curtain design have been conducted in three different dimensions when the Savonius wind rotor is static, and the highest values have been obtained with the curtain 1. Therefore, the curtain designs and curtain angles in which the highest values obtained have been analyzed numerically with Fluent 6.0 program and the results obtained experimentally have been supported with numerical analysis. Moreover, performance experiments have been made for the curtain 1 with which the best performance values have been obtained when the rotor is in its dynamic position, and the results obtained have been given in figures.     

S型风力机气动设计

概述S型风力机的工作原理以及优缺点。系统分析了影响S型风轮气动性能的外形参数,总结出S型风力机达到最优气动性能时的外形参数。以最优外形参数为基础设计完成额定功率为300W的S型风力机的气动外形,所得结果可以同类型风力机的设计提供理论指导。     

Investigation of 3D printed Savonius rotor performance

In this study increasing the performance of Conventional Savonius wind rotor has been investigated by a 3D (three dimensional) printer which is one of the rapid prototyping techniques. For this purpose, some design changes have been introduced to increase the performance of conventional Savonius wind rotor. Here, 3D digital designing of Savonius wind rotors have been easily manufactured tangible as a physical model by a 3D printer. Experimental data concerning produced Savonius wind rotors have been acquired by using a wind tunnel. Some numerical data have been obtained from the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis carried out under the same conditions. The effects of the additional blade end design have been examined to obtain more torque increase on improved classical Savonius wind rotor. Furthermore, by means of introducing straight blade, the effects of the flow compression inside the blade have been reduced and rotor performance increased. Based on such optimizations, optimum additional design parameters have been designated as that (1/r) ratio is 0.3, (s/r) is 1, and (α) additional straight blade angle is 135°. It has been determined that power coefficient is increased at a ratio of around 20% together with all these design changes.     

Savonius型风力机结构的优化设计

对传统Savonius型垂直轴风力机各几何参量进行优化,在此基础上加入一种半自动阀门装置,得到的新型Savonius风力机,在设计风速10m／s下,对其各项空气动力学性能参数进行计算。结果表明,这种风力机具有很好的开发意义,可应用于沿海地区民宅的小型风力发电,城市公共照明及景区夜景工程的离网供电。     

An experimental investigation of a class of resistance-type,direction-independent wind turbines

The resistance-type, direction-independent wind turbine is suitable for the generation of power on a small scale in developing countries. So far, all work on this class of wind turbine seems to be restricted to the Savonius rotor. The present paper reports the findings of an experimental investigation of an entire class of wind turbines which includes the conventional Savonius rotor. The influence of four rotor-geometry parameters (i.e. number of blades, blade angle, blade location and angle of setting of the blade) is studied and discussed on the basis of two performance criteria (i.e. turbine efficiency and performance on the basis of blade area). The existence of optimum, design parameters is established and the possibility of improving substantially on the performance of the Savonius rotor is demonstrated. Some possible applications of the present class of turbines are briefly commented on.     

Experimental investigation of helical Savonius rotor with a twist of 180°

Conventional Savonius rotors have low performance such as low coefficient of power and low coefficient of torque. In order to increase this performance, a helical Savonius rotor with a twist of 180° is proposed. In this paper, we are interested in studying the aerodynamic behavior of the helical Savonius rotors installed in an open jet wind tunnel. Particularly we are interested in studying the influence of variation of Reynolds number and the overlap ratio on the performance of a modified Savonius rotor with aspect ratio of 1.57 at a Reynolds numbers equal to Re = 79,794, Re = 99,578, Re = 116,064 and Re = 147,059. Results conclude that the variation of Reynolds number and overlap ratio has an effect on the global characteristics of the helical Savonius rotor. A comparison between the helical one and the conventional one shows that the maximum power coefficient of the Savonius wind rotor is higher. This work is developed at Laboratory of Electro-Mechanical System (LASEM) of the National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS).     

A review on the performance of Savonius wind turbines

This paper presents a review on the performance of Savonius wind turbines. This type of turbine is unusual and its application for obtaining useful energy from air stream is an alternative to the use of conventional wind turbines. Simple construction, high start up and full operation moment, wind acceptance from any direction, low noise and angular velocity in operation, reducing wear on moving parts, are some advantages of using this type of machine. Over the years, numerous adaptations for this device were proposed. The variety of possible configurations of the rotor is another advantage in using such machine. Each different arrangement of Savonius rotor affects its performance. Savonius rotor performance is affected by operational conditions, geometric and air flow parameters. The range of reported values for maximum averaged power coefficient includes values around 0.05–0.30 for most settings. Performance gains of up to 50% for tip speed ratio of maximum averaged power coefficient are also reported with the use of stators. Present article aims to gather relevant information about Savonius turbines, bringing a discussion about their performance. It is intended to provide useful knowledge for future studies.     

Performance tests on helical Savonius rotors

Conventional Savonius rotors have high coefficient of static torque at certain rotor angles and a negative coefficient of static torque from 135° to 165° and from 315° to 345° in one cycle of 360°. In order to decrease this variation in static torque from 0° to 360°, a helical Savonius rotor with a twist of 90° is proposed. In this study, tests on helical Savonius rotors are conducted in an open jet wind tunnel. Coefficient of static torque, coefficient of torque and coefficient of power for each helical Savonius rotor are measured. The performance of helical rotor with shaft between the end plates and helical rotor without shaft between the end plates at different overlap ratios namely 0.0, 0.1 and 0.16 is compared. Helical Savonius rotor without shaft is also compared with the performance of the conventional Savonius rotor. The results indicate that all the helical Savonius rotors have positive coefficient of static torque at all the rotor angles. The helical rotors with shaft have lower coefficient of power than the helical rotors without shaft. Helical rotor without shaft at an overlap ratio of 0.0 and an aspect ratio of 0.88 is found to have almost the same coefficient of power when compared with the conventional Savonius rotor. Correlation for coefficient of torque and power is developed for helical Savonius rotor for a range of Reynolds numbers studied.     

Comparative study of a three-bucket Savonius rotor with a combined three-bucket Savonius–three-bladed Darrieus rotor

The vertical axis wind turbines are simple in construction, self-starting, inexpensive and can accept wind from any direction without orientation. A combined Savonius–Darrieus type vertical axis wind rotor has got many advantages over individual Savonius or individual Darrieus wind rotor, such as better efficiency than Savonius rotor and high starting torque than Darrieus rotor. But works on the combined Savonius–Darrieus wind rotor are very scare. In view of the above, two types of models, one simple Savonius and the other combined Savonius–Darrieus wind rotors were designed and fabricated. The Savonius rotor was a three-bucket system having provisions for overlap variations. The Savonius–Darrieus rotor was a combination of three-bucket Savonius and three-bladed Darrieus rotors with the Savonius placed on top of the Darrieus rotor. The overlap variation was made in the upper part, i.e. the Savonius rotor only. These were tested in a subsonic wind tunnel available in the department. The various parameters namely, power coefficients and torque coefficients were calculated for both overlap and without overlap conditions. From the present investigation, it is seen that with the increase of overlap, the power coefficients start decreasing. The maximum power coefficient of 51% is obtained at no overlap condition. However, while comparing the power coefficients (C_p) for simple Savonius-rotor with that of the combined configuration of Savonius–Darrieus rotor, it is observed that there is a definite improvement in the power coefficient for the combined Savonius–Darrieus rotor without overlap condition. Combined rotor without overlap condition provided an efficiency of 0.51, which is higher than the efficiency of the Savonius rotor at any overlap positions under the same test conditions.     

Optimization of Savonius turbines using an obstacle shielding the returning blade

Due to the worldwide energy crisis, research and development activities in the field of renewable energy have been considerably increased in many countries. In Germany, wind energy is becoming particularly important. Although considerable progress has already been achieved, the available technical design is not yet adequate to develop reliable wind energy converters for conditions corresponding to low wind speeds and urban areas. The Savonius turbine appears to be particularly promising for such conditions, but suffers from a poor efficiency. The present study considers a considerably improved design in order to increase the output power of a Savonius turbine with either two or three blades. In addition, the improved design leads to a better self-starting capability. To achieve these objectives, the position of an obstacle shielding the returning blade of the Savonius turbine and possibly leading to a better flow orientation toward the advancing blade is optimized. This automatic optimization is carried out by coupling an in-house optimization library (OPAL) with an industrial flow simulation code (ANSYS-Fluent). The optimization process takes into account the output power coefficient as target function, considers the position and the angle of the shield as optimization parameters, and relies on Evolutionary Algorithms. A considerable improvement of the performance of Savonius turbines can be obtained in this manner, in particular a relative increase of the power output coefficient by more than 27%. It is furthermore demonstrated that the optimized configuration involving a two-blade rotor is better than the three-blade design.