高纯次磷酸的制备

介绍了用离子交换法由工业次磷酸钠制备高纯次磷酸的工艺方法，所得产品符合电容器器生产扔技术指标。     

高纯次磷酸的制备

介绍用离子交换法由工业次磷酸钠制备高纯次磷酸的工艺方法，所得产品符合电容器生产的技术指标。     

专利技术

沉淀碳酸钙制备方法，一种用高岭土合成硅磷酸铝分子筛的方法，一种混合型铝土矿的选矿脱硅方法，用湿法磷酸制备工业级磷酸、食品级磷酸和工业磷酸一铵的方法，一种盐田饱和卤水直接蒸发制盐过程中盐浆的洗涤工艺.     

金属钴基微纳米材料研究现状及发展

本文主要从纳米钴的形态、制备工艺方面,综述了金属钴微纳米材料的研究及制备进展,并介绍了纳米钴的研究及应用情况,最后展望了纳米钴的发展方向。     

利用磷矿制备饲料添加剂磷酸二氢钙

以磷矿为原料制备磷酸,通过化学沉淀法脱氟除杂质得到净化的磷酸,再将净化后的磷酸与碳酸钙反应制备饲料级磷酸二氢钙.考察了硫酸质量分数、石灰乳用量、反应时间和反应温度4个因素对磷酸二氢钙产率的影响,得到了制备磷酸二氢钙的最佳工艺条件:硫酸质量分数60％,石灰乳用量7.00 g,反应时间1.5h,反应温度50℃.在此最佳工艺...     

湿法磷酸制备磷酸脲的工艺优化研究

采用正交实验方法,研究了湿法磷酸制备磷酸脲的工艺条件.方差分析证明磷酸质量分数对产率影响高度显著;极差分析结果表明,各因素影响程度从大到小依次为磷酸质量分数、反应温度、结晶时间、反应时间、磷酸与尿素摩尔比.优化得到的最佳工艺参数为:反应温度70℃、反应时间60 min、磷酸质量分数70％、磷酸与尿素摩尔比1∶1、结晶时间8h,此条件下磷酸脲产率可达80.70％.该工艺条件可以很好地用于磷酸脲的生产,具有一定的理论和实用价值.     

化学沉积Co-B纳米晶合金工艺的研究

采用正交实验法探索了化学沉积钴硼合金纳米晶涂层的制备工艺,并对其沉积速率进行了研究,从而得出较优的工艺参数,同时详细讨论了硫酸钴、酒石酸钠、DMAB(二甲基胺硼烷)、温度等因素对沉积速率的影响.     

甲醇沉淀法净化湿法稀磷酸制磷酸氢二铵

介绍了甲醇沉淀法净化杂质含量较高的湿法稀磷酸(五氧化二磷质量分数25.71%)制备高品质磷酸氢二铵(DAP)的方法.详细研究了碳酸氢铵用量、甲醇用量、反应温度及反应时间对湿法稀磷酸中杂质去除率和五氧化二磷损失率的影响.得到了优化的工艺条件:碳酸氢铵用量,即氮、磷物质的量比为0.25～0.50;甲醇用量,即甲醇与磷酸质量比为4;反应温度65℃,反应时间1.25～1.50 h.用净化后的湿法稀磷酸制备出了18-46-0规格的DAP.新方法为利用中低品位磷矿制备高品质肥料磷酸氢二铵提供了一条可行的途径.     

新铁源制备高振实密度LiFePO4/C正极材料

以铁粉为铁源,LiH2PO4和酒石酸分别作为锂源和络合剂,采用机械活化法制备磷酸亚铁锂正极材料,制备出的材料具有振实密度较高的特点,有利于提高材料的体积能量密度.同其它制备高振实密度磷酸亚铁锂的方法相比较,该方法无需预先将原料制备成高振实密度、球形的中间体,因此大大地简化了工艺,易于实现工业化.研究认为机械活化时间对材...     

磷矿湿法制备磷酸及其提纯工艺研究

本研究利用磷矿粉和硫酸为原料采用湿法制备磷酸,并对制备的粗磷酸进行提纯,系统地考察了硫酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间和搅拌强度4个工艺因素对磷酸产率的影响,得到了利用磷矿制备磷酸的工艺条件:硫酸浓度为2mol/L,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为1.5h,搅拌强度为3档。在此工艺条件下,磷酸的产率为49.3%,磷酸的纯度达到了78.5%。     

Recovery of Nickel and Cobalt from Spent NiMH Batteries by Electrowinning

For nickel and cobalt recovery from spent NiMH batteries by electrowinning, the effect of different electrowinning parameters as boric acid concentration, temperature, current density, and pH were studied using different synthetic solutions. The optimized operational parameters were applied in an electrowinning test with a solution achieved by leaching the electrodes of NiMH batteries. The electrowinning tests were performed galvanostatically in a two‐compartment cell separated by an anionic membrane. A platinum/iridium‐coated titanium anode and a stainless‐steel cathode were used. A sodium sulfate solution served as anolyte. The results demonstrate the technical viability of nickel and cobalt recovery. The chemical composition of the obtained deposit presented high nickel and cobalt concentrations.     

Separation of nickel from cobalt using electrodialysis in the presence of EDTA

Optimum conditions are determined for the removal of nickel from cobalt solutions by electrodialysis exploiting the greater stability of the EDTA complex with nickel. The Ni–(EDTA)^2– complex and hydrated Co²⁺ ions are transferred from the feed solution to the electrodialysis anolyte and catholyte chambers, respectively. A three compartment cell is required to prevent the transfer of hydrated Ni²⁺ from the anolyte chamber as the EDTA present is destroyed at the anode. Complete removal of nickel from cobalt can be achieved but there is a compromise between cobalt purity and the percentage of cobalt transferred to the catholyte chamber for recovery.     

Electrodeposition of CoWP film II. Effect of electrolyte concentration

CoWP films were electrodeposited on copper-coated silicon wafers from citrate electrolyte containing cobalt sulphate, sodium tungstate and sodium hypophosphite at room temperature potentiostatically. The effects of electrolyte concentration on thickness, composition and microstructure of the films were studied. It was observed that the deposition current density and thickness increased with increasing cobalt and hypophosphite ion concentrations, whereas an increase in tungstate ion concentration resulted in a decrease in current density and thickness. Films with larger variations of cobalt (from 64 to 83 at.%), tungsten (from 0.5 to 24 at.%) and phosphorus (from 6 to 21 at.%) were electrodeposited by controlling the concentrations of the electrolytes. X-ray diffraction studies suggested that films containing ∼20 at.% phosphorus were amorphous while films with lower phosphorus content were crystalline. SEM and AFM examinations showed that the size of crystallites and surface roughness were mainly dependent on the amount of phosphorus present in the films.     

Electrodeposition of CoWP film: III. Effect of pH and temperature

Polarisation behaviour and nucleation mechanism of induced co-deposition of cobalt, tungsten and phosphorus from citrate electrolytes containing cobalt sulphate, sodium tungstate and sodium hypophosphite on copper disc electrode at various electrolyte pH values were studied using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, respectively. It was found that the onset potentials for reduction and oxidation gradually shifted towards more cathodic direction with increase in pH. Co-deposition of cobalt, tungsten and phosphorus occurred under diffusion control and followed instantaneous type of nucleation mechanism. The highest current efficiency (>70%) was found when the CoWP films were deposited from neutral or slightly acidic solution. Larger variation of film composition, cobalt from 48 to 74 at.%, tungsten from 13 to 38 at.% and phosphorus from 8 to 33 at.%, could be made by changing the pH of the electrolyte between 3 and 8. The films deposited from very acidic solutions contained larger amounts of tungsten and phosphorus and were amorphous; while the films deposited from near neutral solutions were polycrystalline and contained hexagonal cobalt. The surfaces of the amorphous films were smoother than those of the polycrystalline films. Needle-like dendritic crystallites were obtained when the films were deposited from basic solution or at elevated temperature.     

次磷酸钠和甲醛为还原剂的化学镀铜工艺对比

比较并评价了以甲醛和以次磷酸钠为还原剂的化学镀铜工艺。结果表明,次磷酸钠镀铜液的稳定性高于甲醛镀铜液,次磷酸钠镀液的沉积速率高于甲醛镀液。以甲醛为还原剂的镀层晶粒细小,而以次磷酸钠为还原剂的镀层呈团粒状。甲醛镀铜层铜的质量分数接近100%,次磷酸钠镀铜层中铜的质量分数为93.9%,镍的质量分数为6.1%,镀层为铜-镍合金。以甲醛为还原剂的化学镀铜层的电导率、抗拉强度、延伸率等物理性能均优于次磷酸钠化学镀铜层。     

次磷酸钠工业生产副产物综合利用研究

本文介绍了次磷酸钠工业生产中产生的副产物综合利用方法,包括以次磷酸钠工业生产过程产生的亚磷酸钙废渣为原料制取优质磷烷,及以工业生产次磷酸钠产生的磷化氢尾气为原料制取电子级磷酸和高纯黄磷等生产工艺和有关技术。建议这些副产物综合治理方法在国内有关厂家推广使用,既保护环境。又可以为厂家带来可观的经济效益。     

Influence of cobalt ions on the anodic oxidation of a lead alloy under conditions typical of copper electrowinning

The influence of cobalt ions in the solution on the anodic oxidation of a commercial Pb–Ca–Sn alloy under conditions typical of copper electrowinning was studied using cyclic voltammograms and potential decay transients. The cobalt ions changed the structure, morphology and chemical composition of the surface film from a loose porous film to a thin dense film. This change of surface film is the cause for the decreased rate of oxidation for the lead anode in the presence of cobalt ions. The steady state potential of the alloy during anodic oxidation decreased with (i) increasing cobalt ion concentration, (ii) increasing rotation speed, (iii) increasing temperature, (iv) decreasing acid concentration and (v) decreasing current density. The steady state potentials were lower in the presence of cobalt ions. This decrease in the steady state potential may indicate that oxygen evolution is more rapid on the more compact film formed in the presence of cobalt ions. Alternatively, an additional pathway of oxidation may be provided by the cobalt ions.     

电化学合成重铬酸钠阳极稳态极化及交流阻抗法研究

针对重铬酸钠传统生产技术存在问题,提出电化学合成重铬酸钠的绿色新技术,阳极为自制钛基多元金属氧化物复合电极,所用阳极液为铬酸钠水溶液.阳极既是电催化合成过程的催化剂,又是电催化反应进行的场所.根据电催化合成重铬酸钠体系的特点,运用稳态极化曲线和交流阻抗技术研究了阳极反应动力学及电化学行为.实验测得阳极反应活化能等电极反...     

银盐法制备透明导电膜的研究与应用

本文研究了银盐法制备透明导电膜的方法。该方法是通过对特制的银盐感光胶片进行曝光和显影加工,在聚酯片基上形成由金属银构成的网格图案,再经化学镀处理,制得透明导电膜。该透明导电膜的透光率可达80%,根据不同用途,其表面电阻在0.1~1000Ω/□宽广范围内可调控。该方法可用于制造PDP电视的透明电磁波屏蔽(EMI)膜;也可用于制造触摸屏的导电膜、聚合物和染料敏化太阳能电池的阳极,以替代ITO膜。此外,该方法还可延伸到制作RFID电子标签超高频天线等,具有广泛的应用前景。     

使用钛涂钌电极作为阳极电解法制备次磷酸的研究

研究了以钛涂钌电极作为阳极,不锈钢作为阴极,采用四室电渗析槽电解法制备次磷酸的最佳工艺条件(如电解电流、电解时间、原料室次磷酸钠浓度等)。测量了电解过程中钛涂钌电极的阳极电位。结果显示钛涂钌电极在硫酸介质中,具有高的电催化活性和低的析氧电位,是非常省电的阳极材料,在最佳条件下制得的产品纯度高,各项指标都达到了分析纯的标准。该方法没有废物产生,不污染环境,符合清洁生产。