一种增加图像数据量的算法

本文根据数据的相关（性）原理提出了一种增加图像数据量的算法，该算法一次可将m×n的数据量增加至(2m-1)×(2n-1)个, 解决了图像的放大显示与数据量不足之间的矛盾。     

二值图像的分层结构

二值图像是只有黑白两种颜色的图像,二值图像的分层结构是讨论将一个2M×2N像素的图像(称为父图像)转化为一个2(M-1)×2(N-1)像素的图像(称为子图像)的问题。介绍了一个二值图像的分层结构的算法,对父图像的每个2×2像素区域压缩为子图像内1个像素的情形进行了分类讨论,并且在这个转化过程中能保持二值图像整体的连通性。     

基于双DSP平台的实时跟踪系统设计

本文以两片定点DSP TMS320C6203为核心,设计了一个用于处理1024×1024大小图像(12位数字相机)的电视跟踪系统,并对系统的硬件设计和软件设计分别进行了详细介绍。对实时图像序列进行预处理后,DSP1进行捕获和图像增强、显示,DSP2用于实时跟踪。主要解决了两个关键问题:第一,采用分段投影的方法,解决了对于大图像大数据量的目标全屏捕获问题,并满足实时要求;第二,根据目标大小动态调节跟踪窗,对目标进行实时跟踪。实验表明系统对目标的实时跟踪有很好的性能。     

快速分形图像编码局部方差算法的改进

该文提出了快速分形图像编码基于图像块方差的新算法 ,推广了C .K .Lee等提出的局部方差算法 (IEEETrans .ImageProcess .,1998,7( 6) :888-891)。新算法增加了两个参数以控制编码速度和解码图像质量。计算机仿真结果显示了算法的有效性 :例如 ,对于 2 5 6× 2 5 6× 8Lena图像 ,相对于全搜索的基本分形编码算法 ,该文算法 (对某些参数值 )在编码时间加快2 3倍的同时 ,PSNR反而增加 0 .12dB     

图像分区选择的像素值排序可逆数据隐藏

目的 基于像素值排序（PVO）的数据隐藏算法因其高保真的优越性受到广泛重视,并不断得到改进。本文提出一种图像分区选择思想,以进一步充分利用图像的嵌入空间,改善PVO算法的嵌入性能,提高载秘图像的信噪比。方法 原始PVO算法通常采用预测差值“1”进行数据隐藏,对平滑像素组有较好的利用率和隐蔽性,而对毛躁像素组隐秘性能明显下降,算法性能与图像像素分布情况密切相关。本文在PVO算法基础上提出图像分区选择的思想,首先,将原始图像分为若干区域,然后按移位率从小到大的顺序依次选择图像区域;其次,在每个区域中选择合适的嵌入预测误差;最后,按顺序在被选区域利用该区域的最优嵌入差值完成信息嵌入。结果 假设将图像划分为8×8个区域,对本文算法与原始PVO算法进行比较,当嵌入量为1×10⁴ bit时,Elaine图像的移位率由81.59%降为74.40%,载秘图像的峰值信噪比（PSNR）值由55.388 2提高为56.996 9,提高了1.608 7,采用其他图像并就不同嵌入量进行实验,各图像PSNR值均表现出不同程度的提高。其次,将图像分别划分为2×2、4×4、8×8、16×16个分区,当嵌入量为1×10⁴ bit时,Lena图像PSNR由原始PVO的59.204 6逐渐增加至60.846 9,其他图像在不同嵌入量时PSNR均随着分区数的增加而有不同程度的提高。结论 本文提出的基于图像分区选择的改进PVO算法,可根据像素分布情况增加对嵌入空间的利用,在相同嵌入量情况下,改进后的算法能够获得更高的PSNR值;在一定分区数量条件范围内,分区数量与图像PSNR值表现出正相关性,随着分区数量的增加,图像PSNR值随之增加;本文方法在一定程度上改善了嵌入容量,弥补了因分区数量增加带来的辅助信息增加的问题。     

实时多媒体教学系统

四、多媒体教学系统中关键业务的实现 1.图像业务图像业务数据量非常大,必须采用高效的压缩算法,加快处理速度、减小延时。我们采用了DEC的MPEG采集压缩卡进行硬件压缩。由于发送端只有一台终端,只需要一张卡,从经济的角度考虑也是可行的。在接收端,由于学生数目不受限制,采用硬件解压是不经济的,故我们采用软件解压。发送端的压缩速度是一定的(25fps),如果接收端的解码速度达不到25fps,那么就会造成图象的积累,不能正常播放。我们开始根据MPEG-1标准所给出的算法构造的软件解码程序采用Windows位图显示方式时,解码速度为: Pentium 166 CIF(352×288) 12fps QCIF(176×144) 45fps Pentium Ⅱ233     

利用MATLAB对彩色图像进行低通滤波

彩色图像的数据量比较大,在进行压缩与传输时会增加工作负担。通过对图像的频谱特性分析可以知道,一幅图像中的低频成分要远远高于高频成分,大部分图像信息集中在低频部分。因此,在不过于苛刻地计较图像的再现质量的场合下,如果将代表图像边缘,跳越部分,以及颗粒噪声的高频部分通过低通滤波器滤除的话就会减少图像数据量,进而减少下一步的工作量。本文主要以真彩色RGB图像为例,介绍一种对其进行低通滤波的方法。     

利用MATLAB对彩色图像进行低通滤波

彩色图像的数据量比较大，在进行压缩与传输时会增加工作负担。通过对图像的频谱特性分析可以知道，一幅图像中的低频成分要远远高于高频成分。大部分图像信息集中在低频部分。因此，在不过于苛刻地计较图像的再现质量的场合下，如果将代表图像边缘，跳越部分．以及颗粒噪声的高频部分通过低通滤玻器滤除的话就会减少图像数据量，进而减少下一步的工作量。本文主要以真彩色RGB图像为例，介绍一种对其进行低通滤波的方法。     

MPEG-2恒定码率位率控制研究

在传统CBR MPEG－2位率控制模型中存在两个局限性，一是在分配目标位数据量时没有充分考虑图像的相对复杂度，二是没有能够对场景转换进行很好处理，针对以上两点不足进行了改进，提出了已编码帧图像平均复杂度的计算方法，通过比较当前帧图像复杂度与所有已编码帧图像平均复杂度，合理调整当前帧目标位数据量；提出了场景转换帧检测算法，动态调整场景转换帧目标位数据量，实验结果表明，提出的位率控制算法优于TM5中的算法。     

X射线相衬成像图像采集系统的远程控制传输设计

为了满足X射线相村成像技术对图像采集装置的大面积和高分辨率的特殊要求,提出了一种基于ARM9和FPGA的远程图像采集控制传输系统的设计方法.系统由LUPA4000CMOS图像传感器、ARM9、DM9000A、FPGA,DDR2 SDRAM等器件组成.采用FPGA和DDR2技术,可以对大数据量的图像数据进行实时缓存,解决了高分辨率、大数据量图像数据实时存储和获取的关键问题.采用以太网远程控制传输的方法,能有效避免X射线辐射.实验结果表明,该系统可以实时准确地获取大面积、高精度图像数据.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.