热电联供型资源综合利用电站的建设

利用水泥窑系统的废气余热通过回收装置产生蒸汽并驱动汽轮发电机组进行发电,大致有中空窑高温余热发电、预分解窑及预分解窑带补燃锅炉的中低温余热发电、预热器及悬浮预热器窑纯低温余热发电三种模式。其中,对于带补燃锅炉的中低温预分解窑发电系统,在国内1000t/d及以上预分解窑上已经得以推广应用,并取得了良好的节能效果和经济效益。这种发电系统主要是回收和利用预分解窑     

水泥窑余热发电的参数及热力系统

<正>我国水泥窑余热发电技术经历了中高温余热发电、带补燃的中低温余热发电、低温余热发电三个发展阶段。水泥窑余热发电采用的热力系统基本形式     

余热发电,节能新宠

近年来随着窑外分解技术的成熟和提高,各地建设规模为1000t/d、2000t/d、500000t/d甚至1000000t/d的生产线相继投产。这些生产线中仍有约占熟料烧成热耗30%左右的温度为350℃以下低温废气余热没有被完全利用,而采用纯低温的余热发电技术将其利用是一种有效的节能途径。纯低温余热发电相比于带补燃的余热发电不增加粉尘、废渣、烟气及二氧化硫的排放,因而更具有节能和环保的效果。预分解水泥回转窑生产线增加纯低温余热发电系统是在原生产线上各加一台窑头余热锅炉和窑尾余热锅炉,并配置一套相应的汽轮发电机组。设置在烧成窑头的余热锅炉叫…     

余热锅炉补燃燃料系统设计

以福建炼油乙烯一体化项目IGCC装置中余热锅炉补燃系统设计为例,介绍了余热锅炉及其补燃系统,说明了余热锅炉补燃燃料系统的设计原则和考虑因素。     

低沸点工质的有机朗肯循环纯低温余热发电技术

0引言我国水泥厂的余热发电,先后经历高温余热发电、带补燃炉的中低温余热发电和纯低温余热发电3个阶段。纯低温余热发电与带补燃的中低温余热发电相比,具有投资省、生产过程中不增加粉尘、废渣、NOx和SO2等废弃物排放的优点。本文介绍以色列奥玛特(ORMAT)公司利用低温热源的有     

ORC技术在水泥生产线的应用前景分析

<正>1我国水泥余热发电现状水泥生产线的余热主要以废气和辐射的形式存在,由于水泥技术的不断发展,新型干法水泥生产线的余热主要以中、低品位为主。随着水泥烧成技术的发展,我国水泥窑余热发电技术也经历了高温余热发电、带补燃的中低温余热发电、低温余热发电三个发展阶段,现存的余热发电技术主要以低温余热发电为主,早期建设的其他各种类型的余热电站几乎全部关停。低温余热发电采用的热力系统形式有单压系统、闪蒸系统、双压系     

余热补燃一体锅炉在水泥预分解窑窑头的应用

０引言七里岗水泥厂的综合利用余热电站第二期工程原计划在７００ｔ／ｄ和１０００ｔ／ｄ两条生产线的窑头再各加装１台余热锅炉并配１台补燃锅炉发电。但在实施时,未按原计划配备,而是在１０００ｔ／ｄ生产线窑头的篦冷机废气排放口装了１台七里岗水泥厂与协作单位共同开发研制的余热补燃一体锅炉。这种锅炉占地少、耗钢低、投资省、热效率高。１特点余热补燃一体锅炉是根据余热条件,将余热锅炉和补燃锅炉制造成一个锅炉。即将余热废气引入锅炉,再加煤或劣质煤补燃加热生产出３８２ＭＰａ,４５０℃的过热蒸汽驱动国产汽轮机运转。这种…     

提高余热发电效率的技术措施

0引言牡丹江水泥厂共有两条生产线,1#窑是2000年由天津设计院设计,日产熟料2000t的窑外分解工艺线,2#窑是1978年由工厂自行设计的,日产熟料1680t的窑外分解工艺线;1#窑余热发电最初是采用带补燃锅炉的低温废气余热发电,使用几年后煤矸石价格上涨,而且     

我公司纯低温余热发电工程控制系统简介

我公司＃ 3窑余热发电工程是我国第一套为 2000t/d新型干法水泥生产线配套的全国产设备不带补燃装置的纯低温余热发电系统,装机容量 3000kW,设计年发电量 1850万 kWh,年供电量 1665万 kWh。该工程于 1998年初破土动工, 1999年 4月一次并网成功。它的建成,对改善我公司环境、节约能源、提高企业经济效益及在我国水泥厂纯低温余热发电系统的建设和发展方面均有着重要的意义。该系统的监控采用 PLC＋上位机的集中操作管理、分散监测的结构形式,由南京水泥工业设计研究院负责系统设计、硬件组态及软件编程工作。系统运行一年来,其良好…     

江西水泥厂低温余热发电工程设计方案

0前言 水泥窑余热发电技术大致经历了中空窑高温余热发电 (如启新水泥厂、大连水泥厂等 )、预热器及预分解窑带补燃炉的中低温余热发电 (如鲁南水泥厂、琉璃河水泥厂等 )、预热器及预分解窑低温余热发电 (如宁国水泥厂 )三个发展阶段。其中,单纯以预热器及预分解窑中低温的余热发电技术在 20世纪 80年代初就有了较大发展,特别是日本和我国台湾等能源短缺地区已被广泛应用。我国宁国水泥厂 4000t/d熟料预分解窑生产线由日本川崎重工提供的一套低温余热发电系统,也已于 1998年 2月并网发电,单位熟料发电量达 33.88kWh/t,经济效益显著。…     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.