椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种灭活条件研究

目的：降低湿米粉中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染风险,防止湿米粉米酵菌酸中毒事件发生。方法：采用加热和紫外的方法对椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的灭活条件进行研究。结果：加热和紫外均可以杀灭椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种。结论：湿米粉企业可以使用加热或紫外的方法来防止产品被椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染。     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种脉冲场凝胶电泳分型的研究

目的建立椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的脉冲场凝胶电泳(pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分型方法,并对29株分离株进行PFGE分型研究。方法分别选择5种限制性内切酶(XbaⅠ、SpeⅠ、NotⅠ、SmaⅠ、AscⅠ)酶切椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种染色体DNA以进行PFGE分析,并利用BioNumerics软件对分离株的指纹图谱进行聚类分析。结果NotⅠ、SmaⅠ和AscⅠ的酶切片段过小,而XbaⅠ酶切片段的大小适中但数量过多,不能获得清晰可辨的图谱,均不适于椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的PFGE分型。SpeⅠ酶切的PFGE条带数量和大小适中、指纹图谱清晰可辨,对椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种具有足够的分辨率。结论本研究建立的PFGE分型方法可应用于椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的分子分型和溯源。     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种荧光标记扩增片段长度多态性分型方法的建立

目的 建立椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种荧光标记扩增片段长度多态性(FAFLP)分型方法,并对4株模式菌株和19株分离菌株进行分型.方法 选用4种低频限制性内切酶(ApaⅠ、EcoR Ⅰ、HindⅢ和PstⅠ)和2种高频限制性内切酶(Mse Ⅰ和Taq Ⅰ)进行组合,对FAFLP预扩增和选择性扩增体系进行优化,用BioNumerics软件对分离株的指纹图谱进行聚类分析,并与VITEK 2 GN生化结果和16S rDNA序列分析进行比较.结果 Apa Ⅰ-G/Taq Ⅰ-G组合将19株椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种分为7个群,菌株间最低相似度为80.85％,最高相似度为98.77％.PstⅠ-T/Taq Ⅰ-G组合将19株椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种分为10个群,菌株间最低相似度为48.68％,最高相似度为99.67％.两种FAFLP组合均能将菌株进行完全区分,而VITEK 2 GN和16S rDNA序列分析无法将菌株进行完全区分.结论 ApaⅠ-G/Taq Ⅰ-G组合与PstⅠ-T/Taq Ⅰ-G组合FAFLP对椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种具有足够的分辨率,本研究建立的FAFLP分型方法可应用于椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的分子分型和溯源.     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种新鉴别培养基的研究

本文报导了适于椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种生长的银耳琼脂和卵黄银耳培养基,该菌在这两种培养基上不仅生长快,菌落大,且滑润,可形成露珠状菌落,并在卵黄琼脂上呈现明显的特殊虹彩环现象,在中毒样品的分离培养时,易于辨认和挑选,是对该菌鉴别诊断有效的培养基。     

2018年广东省米面制品、淀粉及其制品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的调查分析

目的 调查分析2018年广东省米面制品、淀粉及其制品中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种。方法 在广东省中选取粉丝粉条、河粉米粉等米面制品、淀粉及其制品的企业、超市、农贸市场及餐饮单位为采样点, 随机抽取1570份样品按照GB/T 4789.29-2003《食品卫生微生物学检验 椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种检验》进行检验和VITEK2鉴定。结果 1570份样品中5份检出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌, 其中只有1份检出椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种, 检出率为0.06%(1/1570)。结论 米面制品、淀粉及其制品中检出唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌, 表明广东省米面制品、淀粉及其制品中存在被椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染风险。为最大限度降低或消除风险隐患, 相关部门应加强安全监管, 保障人民群众身体健康和饮食安全。     

湿粉生产中浸洗米工艺去除椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染分析

研究湿粉(湿米粉及淀粉制品)加工过程中浸泡和洗米工艺对椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的清除作用。模拟米样品污染椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种,36℃培养72 h后,在米表面形成菌膜,再模拟目前湿粉生产过程中浸泡和洗米工艺方式(静态浸泡清洗和动态缓慢搅拌清洗)进行处理,联合采用微生物检测技术、动物毒力测试和液相色谱-质谱/质谱检测技术,考察浸洗米工艺对椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染传递的防控效果。研究结果表明,静态浸洗和缓慢搅拌清洗都可以清除部分椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种,但无法保证完全洗去,存在风险向下一环节传递的可能性。针对湿粉生产加工工艺的特点,建议在湿粉生产过程中应严格执行原料米的浸泡和清洗,同时应加强班后对生产场所的清洁消毒,才能有效防控椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染的风险。     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种食物中毒的病原分离鉴定

目的通过对食物中毒病原菌的分离鉴定,为查明中毒原因提供科学依据。方法分离鉴定和毒性试验按照国家标准方法 WS/T 12—1996《椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种食物中毒诊断标准及处理原则》和GB/T 4789.29—2003《食品卫生微生物学检验椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种检验》进行。米酵菌酸检测按照GB/T 11675—2003《银耳卫生标准》执行,采用液相色谱-质谱联用法对样品开展检测。结果经VITEK 2 COMPACT全自动微生物生化鉴定仪和基因指纹鉴定仪进行鉴定,4份样品中3份鉴定结果为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌,小鼠毒性试验阳性。4份样品均检测出米酵菌酸。结论本次食物中毒源于食源性椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染。     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及米酵菌酸的研究进展（综述）

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及米酵菌酸的研究进展（综述）王静刘秀梅中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所（１０００５０）椰毒假单胞菌（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｃｏｃｏｖｅｎｅｎａｎｓ）是１９６０年从印度尼西亚发酵食物Ｔｅｍｐｅｂｏｎｇｋｒｅｋ中毒样品中分离并...     

基于全基因组序列的污染事件中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种溯源分析

摘 要：目的 对湿米粉与淀粉制品（统称为“湿粉”）及其原料米中分离的椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种进行溯源分析。方法 采用GB/T 4789.29—2003在14份湿粉及其原料米中分离出34株唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏 菌并进行菌株全基因组重测序,以Burkholderia_gladioli_Co14作为参比基因,基于单核苷酸多态性（SNP）数据构建进化树,分析不同菌株的同源关系。结果 来源于相同产地标识的样品的菌株呈现较好聚类;来源于同一生产企业的湿粉和碎米样品的菌株具有高度同源关系。结论 提示原料米中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种的基因组序列与产地溯源具有较大的相关性,在湿粉生产加工过程中存在椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染传递的风险。     

云南省一例唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌(椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种)食物中毒事件调查分析

目的 调查分析云南省一例唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌(椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种)食物中毒事件。 方法 参照GB/T 4789.29-2003《食品卫生微生物学检验 椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种检验》对样品进行唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌检测。按照GB 5009.189-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中米酵菌酸的测定》检测样品中的米酵菌酸, 采用液相色谱法对样品进行检测。用VITEK 2COMPACT 全自动微生物生化鉴定仪和飞行时间质谱进行微生物鉴定。结果 2份样品鉴定结果为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌。2份样品均检测出米酵菌酸, 含量分别为18.0和24.2 mg/kg。 结论 本次食物中毒源于食源性唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌(椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种)污染。     

椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及其毒素的最新研究进展

在我国中北部地区,由椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种引起的食物中毒事件频有发生,中毒食物多为变质的发酵玉米面制品、长时间泡发的木耳和变质的银耳等。然而近年来南方地区相关中毒案例显著增长,广东传统河粉等米面淀粉制品存在被椰毒假单胞菌污染致人中毒死亡的风险,其毒素的致死率高,危害性强,受到全社会的高度关注。本综述总结了椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种及其毒素米酵菌酸在理化、生化、检测技术、污染状况和影响因素的最新研究进展,并对鲜湿米粉中毒事件作出思考,为后续的相关研究提供理论基础。     

唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌（椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种）的研究进展

文章对唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌（椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种）命名历程、生物学特性、污染食品中毒作用机理、消毒和去毒及预防中毒措施等方面内容进行了综述,并展望了未来研究的方向。     

云南省文山州广南县吊浆粑食物中毒事件的病原学分析

目的分析云南省文山州广南县一起吊浆粑食物中毒事件,鉴定引起中毒的致病因素。方法在流行病学调查的基础上,对采集的4份食物样品参照GB/T 4789.29—2003进行微生物常规培养,对其中分离的疑似目标菌株进行VITEK 2 COMPACT生化鉴定和16S rRNA序列比对,并对样品进行动物中毒试验,采用液相色谱-质谱联用方法对样品中的米酵菌酸进行定量分析。结果分离的3株食源性致病菌的16S rRNA序列比对和VITEK 2COMPACT生化鉴定结果均为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia gladioli),均可产毒使小鼠死亡,且样品中米酵菌酸含量超标,产毒量最高达9.67 mg/kg。结论该食物中毒事件是由唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌污染吊浆粑,产生大量米酵菌酸所致。从试验过程和结果分析,该菌株应为我国命名的椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种(Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.farinofermentans)。     

Recovery of presumptive Alicyclobacillus strains from orange fruit surfacest

Objectives of this research were to investigate the detection frequency of presumptive Alicyclobacillus strains, also known as thermoacidophilic or acidothermophilic bacteria, on oranges entering juice-processing facilities and to compare results from three common isolation agars (acidified potato dextrose agar, Ali agar, and K agar). A total of 1,575 fruits were sampled from three points (ungraded fruits, graded sound fruits, and graded defective fruits) at two juice-processing facilities during two harvest seasons. Buffer used to rinse individual fruits was assayed for the presence of thermoacidophilic bacteria using an enrichment procedure. Isolates were considered presumptive Alicyclobacillus if they were gram-positive, sporogenous, rod-shaped bacteria, with growth at 45 degrees C and no or slight growth at 25 degrees C on a low pH medium (pH 3.7) coupled with lack of growth on a neutral pH medium (pH 7.0) at both temperatures and a lack of growth in Sulfobacillus broth medium (pH 2.0). More than one third of all fruits sampled at the two facilities were contaminated with presumptive Alicyclobacillus strains. Therefore, incoming fruits are a substantial means by which these organisms gain entrance to the processing facility. Significantly (P < or = 0.05) more detection was observed with a mineral-containing medium (Ali agar) than with nonmineral containing media (K agar and acidified potato dextrose agar).     

马铃薯葡萄糖培养基制作方法的改进

对传统马铃薯葡萄糖培养基制作方法进行改良,以期得到一种制作简便、经济节约、对酵母菌检出率较高的马铃薯葡萄糖培养基。将马铃薯葡萄糖培养基制作方法改进为直接打浆、免除过滤的方式,通过对马铃薯浓度筛选实验、酵母菌性能测定实验以及酵母菌检出率实验检验改良马铃薯浓度培养基性能。结果表明最佳的马铃薯浓度为100g/L,与传统马铃薯葡萄糖培养基相比,在该浓度下对酵母菌的性能没有显著影响;改进后的培养基与传统方法制作的培养基相比,能够提高酵母菌检出率67.2%,t检验法分析二者有显著性差异。说明改进后的培养基相比传统的马铃薯葡萄糖培养基可达到节约制作时间、节省材料,并且在提高酵母菌检出率上性能更为优越。     

酸乳菌种分离纯化方法

本文研究了在脱脂乳中保藏的发酵酸乳菌种的分离纯化方法。确定了德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的分离纯化培养基为改良MRS,以10-2稀释度划线分离法在烛缸中厌氧培养可以达到很好的分离效果,添加2%的玉米浆后有利于纯菌株的生长;采用涂布分离法和真空袋培养,在链球菌基础培养基上可很好地分离出唾液链球菌嗜热亚种的纯菌株。经鉴定所分离出菌株为纯种后,采用斜面保藏在不含乳基质的培养基上,在15d内可以保持其活力。     

Comparison of culture media, simplate, and petrifilm for enumeration of yeasts and molds in food

The efficacy of three culture media, dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol (DRBC), dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18), and potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with two antibiotics, were compared with the Simplate and Petrifilm techniques for mold and yeast enumeration. The following foods were analyzed: corn meal, wheat flour, cassava flour, bread crumbs, whole meal, sliced bread, ground peanuts, mozzarella cheese, grated parmesan cheese, cheese rolls, orange juice, pineapple pulp, pineapple cake, and mushroom in conserve. Correlation coefficients of DRBC versus PDA and DG18 for recovering total mold and yeast counts from the composite of 14 foods indicated that the three media were generally equivalent. Correlation coefficients for Petrifilm versus culture media were acceptable, although not as good as between culture media. Correlation coefficients of Simplate versus DRBC, DG18, PDA, and Petrifilm for recovering total yeasts and molds from a composite of 11 foods demonstrated that there was no equivalence between the counts obtained by Simplate and other culture media and Petrifilm, with significant differences observed for the most foods analyzed.     

Influence of soft rot bacteria on growth of Listeria monocytogenes on potato tuber slices.

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes on potato tuber slices and its interaction with four representative species of soft rot bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. viridiflava, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, and Xanthomonas campestris) were investigated. When potato tuber slices were inoculated with one of two L. monocytogenes strains (Scott A and ATCC 15313), an increase in numbers of 3 to 4 logs per gram of tissue was observed with samples that were stored at 20 degrees C for 6 days. However, an increase of about 2 logs was observed with samples that were stored at 8 degrees C for 12 days. When potato slices were simultaneously inoculated with L. monocytogenes and one of the four soft rot bacteria, the growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited in the presence of P. fluorescens or P. viridiflava but was not significantly affected in the presence of E. carotovora or X. campestris. The antagonism of the two pseudomonads to L. monocytogenes was also observed in potato tuber extract and in culture media. Formation of inhibition zones was observed only in iron-deficient media but not in the medium supplemented with FeCl3. In addition, production of fluorescent siderophore (pyoverdin) by these two pseudomonads was demonstrated. L. monocytogenes was unable to colonize macerated plant tissue induced by soft-rotting bacteria 2 days before inoculation of the pathogen. These results indicate that growth of L. monocytogenes on potato tuber slices is differentially affected by soft rot bacteria and that antagonism of fluorescent pseudomonads to L. monocytogenes is possibly caused by the production of iron-chelating siderophore by these pseudomonads.