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漏磁检测信号轴向分量和径向分量的选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
缺陷漏磁场的径向分量和轴向分量是漏磁检测中经常检测的物理量,两者之间如何选择,至今尚无定论。采用等效面偶极子模型分析了缺陷漏磁场的空间分布特点,解释了径向分量比轴向分量衰减更快的原因。结合有限元方法,研究了不同深度、宽度的二维矩形槽和不同倾角的梯形槽缺陷的漏磁场分布,分析了径向分量与轴向分量的变化特点,总结了缺陷参数变化时临界点的变化趋势。从探头设计的角度,考察了探头提离值以及缺陷参数对缺陷漏磁场信号轴向和径向分量幅值的影响,提出利用临界点作为检测分量的选取原则。 相似文献
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管道漏磁检测及其缺陷漏磁场的仿真技术研究具有十分重要的意义。在对各种漏磁场计算方法进行比较之后,选择了有限元法作为主要研究工具。叙述了漏磁检测的基本原理,介绍了漏磁管道检测装置的工作原理和基本结构,建立了管道漏磁检测中缺陷漏磁场计算的三维有限元模型,并以此为基础分别研究了缺陷漏磁信号特点、缺陷的几何尺寸与漏磁信号的关系、以及材料壁厚等对漏磁信号的影响等问题。通过对多磁化单元结构进行有限元模拟和试验仿真,发现多个磁化单元会造成磁场的叠加,磁化单元数量的增加会使缺陷处漏磁场增强,并且中间磁化单位的增加量要大于两侧。缺陷的几何尺寸影响漏磁场的分布,在一定缺陷直径范围内,缺陷深度与漏磁场信号强度呈近似线性关系。无论被测管道壁厚如何变化,相同几何参数的缺陷漏磁场轴向分量变化趋势仍然相同。适当选取提离值,将有助于获得良好的漏磁场信号。 相似文献
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利用ANSYS有限元软件模拟了3种不同缺陷形状在不同参数下对于漏磁场的影响。分析了漏磁场径向分量以及轴向分量在不同参数下的变化曲线,根据其变化趋势选取了合适的特征值,为实现智能化识别缺陷提供了基础。分别建立了矩形凹槽、平滑凹坑和穿孔3种不同缺陷的漏磁场三维ANSYS模型,分别改变其磁化装置的气隙高度、缺陷宽度和缺陷深度3种参数,得到3种不同缺陷的漏磁场轴向曲线与径向曲线,分析研究了3种参数对于漏磁场的影响,根据其变化趋势选取了4种不同的特征值,通过t-SNE算法对4种不同特征值进行降维可视化,将其从高维空间降维至二维空间,验证了所选取的4种特征值能够明显地区分不同的缺陷类型,为通过计算机实现智能化识别缺陷类型提供了基础。 相似文献
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用有限元方法优化漏磁检测 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
用有限元法研究了工件内部磁场强度、提离值和工件表面裂纹漏磁场B_y分量之间的关系,比较了工件内部磁场和提离值对漏磁场大小的影响.给出了两者的曲线,为实测中选择和优化工件磁场强度和提离值提供了依据.首次从检测可靠性角度,考察了传感器与工件距离对检测结果的影响,给出了波动大小为0.05mm时产生的误差值和相应的波动曲线,提出了在满足检测灵敏度的条件下传感器的提离值并不是越小越好的新观点. 相似文献
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漏磁检测技术对钢板对接焊缝检测鲜有应用,根据铁磁性焊缝的特点,针对焊接结构中较敏感的裂纹缺陷,探讨应用漏磁法检测钢板对接焊缝裂纹缺陷。采用有限元数值模拟方法(FEM),建立了焊缝三维FEM模型;对比分析焊缝不同区域存在裂纹时漏磁场分布规律;建立不同焊缝余高包含相同尺寸裂纹的三维FEM模型,分析由于焊缝余高的存在对裂纹检出率的影响;研究在焊缝余高3 mm结构条件下,漏磁场磁感应强度分量峰值随裂纹深度的变化规律,得到漏磁场相关对比分析曲线。仿真结果表明:漏磁法适用于钢板对接焊缝缺陷的检测研究;焊缝余高越小,可获得更高的缺陷检出率;漏磁场磁感应强度分量峰值均随裂纹深度的增加呈递增趋势。 相似文献
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漏磁检测技术广泛应用于储罐底板扫查、管道内壁缺陷检测中。文章以裂纹漏磁场为研究对象,以麦克斯韦方程组为理论基础,以数值模拟为手段,建立裂纹漏磁场三维静态数值模拟模型,用数值模拟和试验方法研究裂纹深度、宽度、裂纹倾斜角度以及裂纹间距等参数对裂纹漏磁场的影响,得到裂纹参数与裂纹漏磁场幅值之间的关系。结果表明:裂纹倾斜角度对裂纹漏磁场幅值影响显著,因此在工程实际检测中,要从不同方向进行漏磁扫描,以防止漏检;当两条裂纹间距〈5mm时,裂纹漏磁场将产生叠加。数值模拟结果与试验数据较为一致,表明所用数值方法的有效性。文章所得结论对裂纹漏磁检测工程实践有重要的拳者意义。 相似文献
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The effects of uniaxial stress on the normal (radial) component of the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal induced by blind-hole defects for depths of 25%, 50% and 75% of the thickness of the pipe wall were investigated with a pipe wall flux density of 1.24 T. These three defects were on the same surface as the magnetizer and sensor for the MFL signal (near side). A fourth 50% defect was on the pipe wall surface opposite the sensor (far side). Changes of as much as 47% in the MFL signal due to stresses of up to 300 MPa were observed. Increased changes in the stress dependent MFL signal were observed with increasing defect depth. Comparison of the near side and far side 50% defects indicated similar changes in the MFLpp signal as a function of stress, although the shape of the MFL signals was qualitatively different. The stress dependent MFL signal was also investigated for the near side 50% defect for pipe wall flux densities between 0.65 T and 1.24 T. A linear increase in the effects of stress on the MFL signal with increasing flux density was observed. Results demonstrated that the variation of the MFL signal with stress is primarily a bulk stress effect, although the effect of defect-induced stress concentrations upon the various MFL signals investigated could also be observed. 相似文献
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提出一种油气管道裂纹漏磁场检测的数学分析方法。先根据麦克斯韦方程组推导出漏磁场数据分析模型。其次,利用三维有限元分析原理在Ansys环境下建立数学仿真模型。再将仿真结果与实际测试数据进行比较,确定该方法的可靠性。最后,通过仿真分析得出了裂纹几何参数(深度和宽度等)对漏磁信号特征的影响规律,并给出它们的关系曲线。该方法为实际利用漏磁场分布检测油气管道裂纹提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
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Experiment and simulation study of 3D magnetic field sensing for magnetic flux leakage defect characterisation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is widely used to detect and characterise defects in pipelines, rail tracks and other structures. The measurement of the two field components perpendicular to the test surface and parallel to the applied field in MFL systems is well established. However, it is rarely effective when the shapes of the specimens and defects with respect to the applied field are arbitrary. In order to overcome the pitfalls of traditional MFL measurement, measurement of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field is proposed. The study is undertaken using extensive finite element analysis (FEA) focussing on the 3D distribution of magnetic fields for defect characterisation and employing a high sensitivity 3-axis magnetic field sensor in experimental study. Several MFL tests were undertaken on steel samples, including a section of rail track. The experimental and FEA test results show that data from not only the x- and z-axes but also y-axis can give comprehensive positional information about defects in terms of shape and orientation, being especially advantageous where the defect is aligned close to parallel to the applied field. The work concludes that 3D magnetic field sensing could be used to improve the defect characterisation capabilities of existing MFL systems, especially where defects have irregular geometries. 相似文献