Maintenance Techniques in Distributed Communications Switching Systems

The reliability and maintainability design criteria that were a part of large central-control communication systems, have been combined to produce deferred maintenance concepts in fully distributed communication systems. Combining these concepts allows the achievement of a cost-effective life-cycle design for communication switching systems. In a hardware/software environment one should not separate hardware maintainability and software maintainability, nor separate the reliability and maintainability of the system. Reliability models are being developed that reflect a constant rate for transient faults and a decreasing rate for catastrophic faults. The relationship of software bugs to their number and type of manifestation is being defined. Designs for primarily non-attended system sites should include appropriate maintenance concepts in order to be cost effective. If two or more individual repairs can be made with each maintenance visit to a site, the total area maintenance staff can be reduced. Implementation of deferred maintenance techniques can raise the availability level of the services provided, especially for a distributed communication switching system. Several examples of practical techniques for developing deferred maintenance concepts are presented, and topics such as the manning versus non-manning of sites, the time of day effects on state diagrams, centralized maintenance, and computer modeling techniques are discussed. The current and potential maintainability concepts and analysis tools that are discussed in this paper can be used to develop cost-effective maintenance concepts as distributed systems become more prevalent.     

基于云服务的钻井工程数据管理系统设计与实现

近年来,随着云技术的发展,基于云计算技术架构的应用系统逐渐成为主流。本文根据石油钻井企业工程数据管理的需求,首先采用面向服务思想,将系统封装为9个服务,然后统一部署在云平台上,最终实现了基于云服务的钻井工程数据管理系统,通过使用云计算技术以及SOA软件架构,有效解决了传统管理系统的扩展能力差、维护成本高以及资源利用率低等问题,保证数据的一致性,为企业的管理和决策提供重要的数据依托,提高企业的经济效益。     

面向集群应用的太阳能中央热水器控制与管理系统设计

针对当前太阳能中央热水器信息化程度不高,管理、维护和售后服务困难的问题,提出采用分散检测、集中控制和管理的技术方案;采用嵌入式系统、无线通信、计算机软件和Web等技术,实现系统的可视化管理与操作,对于提高太阳能利用率、降低管理维护成本、统计和发布节能数据、以及促进太阳能光热利用的推广均具有重要意义。     

A comparative study of pattern recognition techniques for qualityevaluation of telecommunications software

The extreme risks of software faults in the telecommunications environment justify the costs of data collection and modeling of software quality. Software quality models based on data drawn from past projects can identify key risk or problem areas in current similar development efforts. Once these problem areas are identified, the project management team can take actions to reduce the risks. Studies of several telecommunications systems have found that only 4-6% of the system modules were complex [LeGall et al. 1990]. Since complex modules are likely to contain a large proportion of a system's faults, the approach of focusing resources on high-risk modules seems especially relevant to telecommunications software development efforts. A number of researchers have recognized this, and have applied modeling techniques to isolate fault-prone or high-risk program modules. A classification model based upon discriminant analytic techniques has shown promise in performing this task. The authors introduce a neural network classification model for identifying high-risk program modules, and compare the quality of this model with that of a discriminant classification model fitted with the same data. They find that the neural network techniques provide a better management tool in software engineering environments. These techniques are simpler, produce more accurate models, and are easier to use     

关于计算机软件工程管理与应用策略研究

计算机软件工程的管理和应用推动了计算机技术的创新和发展.目前,计算机软件工程已经应用于各个行业.因此,计算机软件必须切实提高管理水平,从而使其在人们的生活和工作能够得到更好的应用.本文主要阐述了计算机软件工程管理的内容以及应用,分析了计算机软件工程管理的策略.     

软件工程管理的现状和创新策略

在社会经济快速发展的背景下,我国计算机技术也相应的得到发展,软件工程管理作为一门实用性的学科,其主要由软件工程与项目管理组成。与一般计算机软件不同,软件工程具有其自身的特点：主要表现为操作的复杂性与特殊性,为了保证软件产品的进度、交付时间、成本、质量等安全使用,必须要做好软件工程管理工作。本文主要介绍当前软件工程管理的现状,并寻找促进软件工程发展的策略。     

Optimal maintenance schedules of systems subject to stochastic failure

Almost all operational and standby systems need maintenance, yet this is often overlooked in the stages of design and development. Lately, maintenance has been emphasized by several factors such as rising costs of labor and material, increased complexity of systems and increased quality requirements. The aim of this paper is to develop new algorithms and analysis techniques that can be used in a general way to handle optimization of various types of inspection and maintenance schedules of systems subject to stochastic failure. Physical problems of systems in active operation with increasing failure rate are treated. Examples of such systems are: airborne electronic equipment, radio receivers, aircraft engines, etc. The optimal maintenance schedule incorporates the effects of inspection, maintenance, delayed detection, uptime and downtime costs. The techniques of classical differential calculus and dynamic programming are applied for the development of the optimal maintenance schedule.     

An information-theoretical framework for modeling component-based systems

Software systems tend to be large scale and complex with the inevitable increase in their functionalities. The increasing costs related to system development and maintenance in correlation to the software size requires new assessment tools for the newly evolving development methodologies. Taking advantage of existing tools and methodologies in a mature field is beneficial to relatively young, related disciplines. Therefore, this paper brings modeling techniques from a well-developed and mature discipline, information theory, into component-based software (CBS) engineering. Information-theoretic representation and analysis techniques in general, noiseless information channel concepts in particular, are good candidates to be adopted to model the dynamic behavior of software components and quantify the interaction between them. This modeling approach is realized by first modeling the component integration units of CBS with cubic control flowgraphs. The arcs in these models can be labeled as functions of parameters of their "hidden" components in the originating nodes or arcs, or both. Each of these labeled graphs defines a Shannon language. Then, a set of metrics, labeled as pervasive Shannon metrics is defined. Four case studies are demonstrated to show the applicability of the proposed metrics for assessment of CBS.     

三维算量软件在工程管理中的重要性及实践应用

随着科技的迅速发展,计算机系统的功能也在逐步更新,各种各样的功能也相继向人们展示出来。其中,在工程管理中经常使用的三维算量软件,现已在受到众多工程人员的青睐。归根究底,这主要是因为三维算量软件具有强大的功能性,在工程管理中采用此项技术,可以有效简化工程量计算的问题,保证工程质量。而本文就是通过对三维算量软件的简单认识,同时对三维算量软件发展的现状及其在工程管理中的应用做了详细分析,从而阐述了三维算量软件在工程管理中所占的重要位置。     

Software production for minicomputers

Although minicomputer hardware costs are rapidly decreasing, minicomputer software seems to be continuously increasing in cost. A contributing factor to this situation is a lack of recognition of the scope of the problem of software production, which must be considered to include analysis, design, implementation, integration, testing, delivery, and maintenance. Various tools for minicomputer software production are discussed, including specification and design standards, software engineering techniques, implementation and testing methods, and project controls.     

软件工程的工具、技术及方法

随着电子商务的不断发展,软件工程的工具技术和方法越来越重要。文章主要介绍了电子商务的工程处理和软件工程应用中所用到的工具和技术。软件工程是一种应用于系统的,标准化的,可测量的方法用于软件的发展,前进和维护处理的学科工程。有很多的工具和技术应用于软件工程。     

软件工程的工具、技术及方法(二)

随着电子商务的不断发展,软件工程的工具技术和方法越来越重要。文章主要介绍了电子商务的工程处理和软件工程应用中所用到的工具和技术。软件工程是一种应用于系统的,标准化的,可测量的方法用于软件的发展,前进和维护处理的学科工程。有很多的工具和技术应用于软件工程。     

Real-time and embedded systems - teaching reliability

Computer science students routinely practice just-in-time software engineering that results in solutions to programming assignments that barely limp through the test cases. Worse, when they have access to the test suite used for grading, students who have reached an impasse will often resort to a kind of evolutionary programming where they incrementally tweak parts of a program, test the code, and repeat. This random walk through the program space can move programs away from correctness rather than toward it. Embedded systems, with their concurrency, resource limitations, flaky tools, and all-too-frequent debugging through LEDs and logic analyzers, provide the perfect environment for students to experience some truly difficult debugging. Embedded systems must be reliable, but computer science students aren't in the habit of creating reliable software. It will be better, if we explicitly teach them techniques that can increase software reliability even though this reduces the amount of time we can spend on more traditional technical material.     

Programming issues raised by a multiprocessor

As the cost of hardware decreases, it becomes attractive to interconnect multiple processors to form a powerful, cost-effective computer. The end product provided to users, however, is a combination of hardware and software. Because the cost of software development and maintenance dominates the cost of a deliverable system, cheaper hardware, which results in more expensive software, is not cost-effective. For an architecture to be cost-effective, programmers must be able to progrmn it conveniently and efficiently. The question, "Is it programmable?" must be asked for any proposed architecture. In this article we discuss the issues of building software for a multiprocessor, and in the light of these issues consider Cm^*, its operating system (StarOS), and a specific application.     

Middleware for Distributed Video Surveillance

Graduates of computer science (CS) and software engineering (SE) programs are typically employed to develop industry-strength software. Computer engineering (CE) programs focus primarily on computing-system design, often with significant software components. These three programs have different emphases: development of new algorithms versus development of large, complex software systems versus development of small embedded software and device drivers. All three areas require good SE practices.     

关于软件工程管理的现状和创新分析

计算机时代的快速发展,直接带动了软件工程呈现出日新月异的变化,但是在这百花齐放的背景下,软件工程管理工作中隐含了不少的问题与隐患,本文就结合实际情况针对软件工程管理的现状和创新分析进行简析.     

The interaction of operating systems and software engineering

Operating systems (OS's) are important to software engineering for four fundamental and significant reasons. 1) OS's define the abstract machines in terms of which subsystems and application programs must be implemented and upon which they must be executed. 2) OS's play a significant role in defining the programming environment for development of subsystems and applications. 3) OS's have in the past motivated and been the experimental vehicles for the development of many of the fundamental concepts of software engineering. 4) OS's research is, of necessity, leading the way in the development of the technology for the utilization of distributed systems and object oriented systems. This article attempts to place the concepts of OS's research and development in a software engineering perspective and to develop insights on the future contributions of OS's research to software engineering. An analysis of OS's research with a broader perspective is given by Denning, Browne, and Peterson [1]. Items 1) and 2) also explain why OS's and their characteristics are important not only to software engineers, but to all users of computer systems. The user who finds the OS of his computer system sometimes inconvenient to use should turn to the hardware reference manuals for his system and imagine directly using these incredibly detailed interfaces.     

Produktdatenaustausch mit Koordinatenmeßgeräten in der intelligenten Fertigungsumgebung

Specified requirements on the product data for the data exchange between various computer systems should be set up to ensure the continuous parallel processing in an environment of intelligent manufacturing systems. So the informations can be in consequence completely maintained and will remain consistent. The objective of the product data exchange between systems is to reduce the development time, to produce with higher quality and reduce the costs in the same time. Data communication of independent standardized format in an environment of intelligent manufacturing allows to share these informations with the other users integrated in a computer network and therefore the various tasks of the interaction between engineering, construction, inspection, evaluation and quality management can be carried out by geographical separated producers.     

基于LAN的实验室实现软件管理的研究与实现

高校对计算机实验室的管理大都基于LAN,且大多通过加装硬盘保护卡或嵌入计算机硬件的保护系统来实现日常维护与管理。但这些系统过于依赖硬件,功能实现上存在一定的局限性。文中对实验室日常维护的软件管理方法进行研究,并提出解决方案和实现方法。     

软件可维护性探讨

高质量的软件是软件工程的目的 ,软件维护在其中具有重要作用。以更快的速度、更低的费用维护和升级软件产品是计算机工业急需解决的问题。为此 ,必须设计更好、更易于维护的软件。文中讨论了可维护软件的设计技术与方法 ,介绍了软件维护性度量方法 ,指出了今后研究的发展方向。