用带时钟变量的线性时态逻辑扩充Object-Z*

Object-Z是形式规格说明语言Z的面向对象扩充,适合描述大型面向对象软件规格说明,但它不能很好地描述连续性实时变量和时间限制。线性时态逻辑能够描述实时系统,但不能很好地处理连续时间关系,也不能很好地模块化描述形式规格说明。首先用时钟变量扩充线性时态逻辑,接着提出了一个方法——用带时钟变量的时态逻辑(LTLC)来扩充Object-Z。用LTLC扩充的Object-Z是一个模块化规格说明语言,是Object-Z语法和语义的最小扩充,其最大优点在于它能方便地描述和验证复杂的实时软件规格说明。     

基于责任策略的非严格实时系统形式化研究

严格实时系统行为的实时性要求具有不可更改性,非严格实时系统的实时性要求则具有延缓性、替代性以及可补偿性特征,现有的形式化规格说明语言多集中在对严格实时系统的研究,对非严格实时系统的这些特征则缺乏描述能力。针对上述问题,使用一种Object-Z扩展语言来描述非严格实时系统,该方法采用扩展的Object-Z历史不变式表达责任策略,能有效地描述非严格实时系统中的缺省策略、补偿策略以及其他非严格实时策略。以会议系统为例,说明该方法能形式化描述非严格实时行为,具有较强的实用性。     

时态逻辑与程序设计语言

一、概述按照人们的常规,程序设计语言是指计算机能直接执行的机器语言、汇编语言以及其它高级语言,用这些语言描述问题求解的算法,机器能直接执行,并给出问题的解答。近年来计算机领域里提出的时态逻辑是具有强时态语义的语言,它也可让计算机直接执行,因     

TempDB:时态数据管理系统

为了适应时态数据库发展需求,针对目前时态数据库技术实现则相对滞后现状,设计和实现了时态数据处理原型系统TempDB. TempDB采用中间件的架构实现,使用具有代表性的时态查询语言--ATSQL2,将时态操作语言转换成与之语义等价的、标准的SQL语言,然后在后台DBMS上执行,实现了基本的时态数据管理功能. TempDB总结应用了相关理论知识,同时也为时态数据库系统的产品化积累了经验.     

带OCL约束条件的类图到Object-Z规格说明的转换

如何提高软件的可靠性是目前软件研究领域的一个热点。将形式化方法和主流的软件开发方法相结合是一个可行的方法。本文研究UML语言和Object-Z语言相结合的方法,为主流的软件开发人员所使用的图形化规格说明技术与形式方法提供的精确的分析和验证技术架起了一座桥梁。本文定义如何将带0CL约束条件的类图转换到Object-Z规格说明的方法。这样不仅可以通过支持Object-Z语言的工具采对UML语言描述的系统性质进行验证和确认,而且能够帮助规格说明人员方便地构造Object-Z规格说明。     

基于时态逻辑的协议RSL形式化描述

研究以RAISE规范语言(RSL)描述时态逻辑中always算子、sometimes算子和until算子的方法以及对复合时态算子的描述方法,提出在时态逻辑模型基础上用RSL对协议进行形式化描述的步骤,以AB协议为示例,给出其基于时态逻辑模型的RSL描述,从而证明该描述模型有利于协议验证和协议测试用例生成的自动实现。     

分支时态描述逻辑ALC-CTL及其可满足性判定

时态描述逻辑是将描述逻辑与时态逻辑相结合后得到的逻辑系统,具有较强的描述能力;但是大部分的时态描述逻辑都是将时态算子同时引入到概念和公式中,使得公式可满足性问题的计算复杂度过高。将描述逻辑ALC与分支时态逻辑CTL相结合,提出新的分支时态描述逻辑ALC-CTL。该逻辑没有将时态算子用于概念的构造过程,而是将时态算子引入到公式的构造中;从分支时态逻辑的角度看,相当于将CTL中的原子命题提升为描述逻辑中的个体断言。最终得到的逻辑系统不仅具有较强的刻画能力,还使得公式可满足性问题的复杂度保持在EXPTIME-完全这个级别。通过将CTL的Tableau判定算法与描述逻辑ALC的推理机制有机结合,给出了ALC-CTL的Tableau判定算法并证明了算法的可终止性、可靠性和完备性。     

基于MDA的MARTE模型形式化方法

针对嵌入式系统对可靠性和可预测性的要求,提出基于MDA对嵌入式系统的建模语言MARTE进行形式化描述的方法。建立Object-Z的元模型,定义了MARTE元模型与Object-Z元模型之间的模型转换关系,给出了MARTE模型到Object-Z模型的语义映射和语法转换的具体过程。该方法支持将MARTE模型形式化转换为Object-Z模型,有利于软件开发早期的检验和验证。     

Mini CSP语言的时态语义

本文给出了ＭｉｎｉＣＳＰ语言的复合时态语义，提出了一种描述同步通讯的方法，在此基础上，描述了真正的分布式程序的执行。     

基于定制时间约束的正负时态关联规则挖掘

传统关联规则挖掘是在整个事务数据库的时间范围内进行的,但有时用户想得到某一特定时间范围(如商品的促销阶段)内的关联规则,该文对这一问题进行了详细讨论,提出了基于定制时间的时态支持度、时态频繁项集、时态置信度、时态关联规则等概念,在传统Apriori算法的基础上提出了挖掘时态频繁项集的算法。另一方面,讨论了当同时考虑正、负关联规则出现的矛盾规则问题以及用相关性解决这一问题的方法,提出了挖掘正负时态关联规则的算法,实例说明了算法的执行过程及有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.