Decant-oil coking gasoils for production of industrial carbon

The properties of initial and high-end-point heavy catalytic gasoils from the 43–107 unit were investigated as feedstock for production of needle coke and industrial carbon. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39–41, July–August, 2007.     

The carcinogenicity of wood tars

In 1932–1933 when chemical carcinogens—polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)—first began to be manufactured, studies were begun concerning their separation from coal tar [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2000.     

Modernization of the cat cracker in the GK-3 complex. Second stage

Reconstruction of the reactor unit (RU) on the cat cracker in the GK-3 complex at Angarsk Refinery is being carried out in three stages. The first was conducted in 1993–1994, the second in 1998–1999, and the third stage will be executed in 2000 – 2001. A. I. Elshin, B. Z. Solyar, L. Sh. Glazov, et al,Khim. Tekhnol. Topl. Masel, No. 3, 11 – 16 (1995). Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 29 – 33, May – June, 2000.     

Membrane technology for processing of acid tars

A process for processing acid tars using membrane technology is proposed. Petroleum products are obtained as a result — lube oil, resin, solid fuel. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 46–47, November–December, 2007.     

Petroleum Binder — A Foundry Binder for Production of Molds and Rods

A new petroleum product — foundry binder — which has been successfully tested in pilot-industrial conditions and is recommended for industrial production, was obtained from asphalt from deasphalting of vacuum resid using a narrow naphtha cut as diluent. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 2005.     

Catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of butenes and butane to butadiene

Conclusions Oxidative dehydrogenation is best conducted in the presence of catalysts consisting consisting of Group IV–VII metal oxides on supports of various chemical types, since, as a result of hydrogen binding, the equilibrium of this reaction can be shifted completely to the right. Under optimal conditions, the yield of the desired products may be as high as 70–72% per pass, with a selectivity of 90–95% [81]. Future research should be aimed at finding low-temperature catalysts and new physicochemical relationships that are needed in order to improve the process technology. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 44–48, May–June, 1997.     

Electrochemical regeneration of used caustic solutions

Straight-run naphtha cuts are alkalized with 8–12% solutions of caustic soda to neutralize the acid and organosulfur compounds in them. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 49–51, May–June, 2000.     

Upgrading naphtha fractions from heavy petroleum residues

In the strategic program for growth of energy supplies of the Russian Federation in the years up to 2010, the target for 1997 is an increase of the depth of crude oil processing to 72–75%, and further increases to the level of 82–85% by 2005. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 12–13, July–August, 1997.     

Effect of the disperse phase on high-temperature oxidation of motor oils

Dedicated to the memory of Vladimir Gennadievich Gorodetskii — friend and associate who totally shared my views. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 30 – 31, November – December, 1999.     

The new generation of reagents for oil and gas production processes

The creation of environmentally and economically efficient products has been a major direction of scientific and practical developments in recent years [1 – 6]. Domestic and foreign experience shows that such products include reagents containing two and more ingredients which enter into physicochemical reactions and have the required operating characteristics in low concentrations [2 – 7]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 22 – 24, March – April, 2000.     

Control system for reforming process with continuous catalyst regeneration

Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 27–28, September–October, 1996.     

Industrial methods of sulfurization and regeneration of finely granulated hydrotreating catalysts

Automotive gasolines and diesel fuels with improved environmental characteristics are produced at hydrotreating plants using finely granulated catalysts fabricated by impregnation technology, particularly series GP and GKD developed at the All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute on Petroleum Refining [1–4]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 12 – 14, November – December, 1999.     

An antiknock additive of the new generation

An antiknock additive which is a mixture of an aromatic amine, an antioxidant, the straight-run naphtha cut of naphthene-aromatic base crude oil, and chloro-and isoparaffins, is proposed. The additive is given antiknock activity by passing it through a catalyst — manganese — at the boiling point and atmospheric pressure. In a concentration of 0.03–0.2 wt. %, the additive increases the motor octane number of low-octane motor fuels by 5–14 points. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2008.     

Natural and associated gas as motor fuel

Automotive transport is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution in cities and densely populated regions. It is responsible for 40–50% of total emissions of toxic products into the atmosphere, primarily carbon and nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and soot. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3 – 7, November – December, 1999.     

Effect of the Dispersion Medium on the Antioxidant Stability of Complex Lithium Greases

Based on data on the kinetics of absorption of oxygen in dynamic conditions, residual oils from selective treatment with high resistance to oxidation are recommended as a basic component of the dispersion medium of high-temperature complex lithium greases. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 51 – 53, September – October, 2005.     

Selective treatment of vacuum distillates in an electrical field

An electric separator was used on the phenol treatment unit for preparing feedstock for the extraction column-West Siberian crude vacuum distillates. The treated feedstock has a lower refractive index at 50°C by 0.0035–0.0045 and the color is 1–2 CST units lower in comparison to the initial feedstock. This allowed increasing the quality of the raffinate taken off the unit. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 12–14, May–June, 2006.     

Dewaxing of the lube fraction using methyl isobutyl ketone

Dewaxing with selective solvents at low temperatures is unavoidable in production of lube oils from paraffinbase crude oils. A mixture of acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and toluene is widely used as solvents in industrial installations. Ketones are used for precipitating solid paraffinic hydrocarbons, and toluene is used for dissolving the oil part of the feedstock. The basic problems in the practical use of these solvents are considered in [1–3]. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 16 – 18, November – December, 1999.     

Making anticorrosion additives from self-emulsifying esters

A method has been developed for making self-emulsifying esters and bicyclic imidazolines based on them for use as effective additives to oils, lubricants, and technological liquids, and also as lubricating agents and emulsifiers that simultaneously are anticorrosion additives for processing ferrous-metal components. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 48 – 49, May – June, 2009.     

Synergism of depressants in petroleum systems

Systems of the coking gasoil type with residual and distillate cracking residues were investigated by electrophysical methods. Electrical processes, in particular, electrostatic blocking of high-melting components and formation of asphalt-resin complexes on electrically active centers, as well as mechanical factors, are responsible for the synergism and depressant activity. At 25–30 wt. % concentrations of additives in the mixtures investigated, a depressant effect was revealed for the first time. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 42–44, July–August, 2006.     

News in asphalt production technology

Many specific factors have an important effect on the state and development of asphalt production in Russia. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 49 – 51, March – April, 2000.