移动图形处理器的现状、技术及其发展

3D图形绘制技术已经渗透到各种移动设备中.相对于桌面PC,移动设备图形处理需要以更低的功耗、更有限的内存带宽和较低的运算能力实现高性能、高质量的图形显示效果.文中介绍了移动图形处理器发展现状,从硬件设计方面分析了这一领域未来面临的挑战;分析了当前移动图形处理器中区块式和立即式渲染的架构特点,总结了渲染过程中加速数据流计算方法和芯片低功耗设计方法.最后展望了移动图形处理器的发展趋势.     

量子退火算法研究进展

在数学和应用领域,量子退火算法是一类新的量子优化算法.不同于经典模拟退火算法利用热波动来搜寻问题的最优解,量子退火算法利用量子波动产生的量子隧穿效应来使算法摆脱局部最优,而实现全局优化.在已有的研究中,量子退火算法在某些问题上展现出良好的优化效果.系统地综述了量子退火算法的基本原理和近年来的主要研究进展,较为详细地介绍了几个主要的量子退火算法,对量子退火算法的优点和可能的不足进行了分析评述,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

Motion Blur Rendering: State of the Art

Motion blur is a fundamental cue in the perception of objects in motion. This phenomenon manifests as a visible trail along the trajectory of the object and is the result of the combination of relative motion and light integration taking place in film and electronic cameras. In this work, we analyse the mechanisms that produce motion blur in recording devices and the methods that can simulate it in computer generated images. Light integration over time is one of the most expensive processes to simulate in high‐quality renders, as such, we make an in‐depth review of the existing algorithms and we categorize them in the context of a formal model that highlights their differences, strengths and limitations. We finalize this report proposing a number of alternative classifications that will help the reader identify the best technique for a particular scenario.     

Agents in E-Commerce: State of the Art

This paper surveys the state of the art of agent-mediated electronic commerce (e-commerce), especially in business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce and business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce. From the consumer buying behaviour perspective, the roles of agents in B2C e-commerce are: product brokering, merchant brokering, and negotiation. The applications of agents in B2B e-commerce are mainly in supply chain management. Mobile agents, evolutionary agents, and data-mining agents are some special techniques which can be applied in agent-mediated e-commerce. In addition, some technologies for implementation are briefly reviewed. Finally, we conclude this paper by discussions on the future directions of agent-mediated e-commerce. Received 14 September 2000 / Revised 13 January 2001 / Accepted in revised form 27 February 2001     

图形处理器用于通用计算的技术、现状及其挑战

多年来计算机图形处理器(GP以大大超过摩尔定律的速度高速发展.图形处理器的发展极大地提高了计算机图形处理的速度和图形质量,并促进了与计算机图形相关应用领域的快速发展与此同时,图形处理器绘制流水线的高速度和并行性以及近年来发展起来的可编程功能为图形处理以外的通用计算提供了良好的运行平台,这使得基于GPU的通用计算成为近两三年来人们关注的一个研究热点.从介绍GPU的发展历史及其现代GPU的基本结构开始,阐述GPU用于通用计算的技术原理,以及其用于通用计算的主要领域和最新发展情况,并详细地介绍了GPU在流体模拟和代数计算、数据库应用、频谱分析等领域的应用和技术,包括在流体模拟方面的研究工作.还对GPU应用的软件工具及其最新发展作了较详细的介绍.最后,展望了GPU应用于通用计算的发展前景,并从硬件和软件两方面分析了这一领域未来所面临的挑战.     

Vehicle Dynamic State Estimation: State of the Art Schemes and Perspectives

Next-generation vehicle control and future autonomous driving require further advances in vehicle dynamic state estimation. This article provides a concise review, along with the perspectives, of the recent developments in the estimation of vehicle dynamic states. The definitions used in vehicle dynamic state estimation are first introduced, and alternative estimation structures are presented. Then, the sensor configuration schemes used to estimate vehicle velocity, sideslip angle, yaw rate and roll angle are presented. The vehicle models used for vehicle dynamic state estimation are further summarized, and representative estimation approaches are discussed. Future concerns and perspectives for vehicle dynamic state estimation are also discussed.      

Cooperative Multi-Agent Learning: The State of the Art

Cooperative multi-agent systems (MAS) are ones in which several agents attempt, through their interaction, to jointly solve tasks or to maximize utility. Due to the interactions among the agents, multi-agent problem complexity can rise rapidly with the number of agents or their behavioral sophistication. The challenge this presents to the task of programming solutions to MAS problems has spawned increasing interest in machine learning techniques to automate the search and optimization process. We provide a broad survey of the cooperative multi-agent learning literature. Previous surveys of this area have largely focused on issues common to specific subareas (for example, reinforcement learning, RL or robotics). In this survey we attempt to draw from multi-agent learning work in a spectrum of areas, including RL, evolutionary computation, game theory, complex systems, agent modeling, and robotics. We find that this broad view leads to a division of the work into two categories, each with its own special issues: applying a single learner to discover joint solutions to multi-agent problems (team learning), or using multiple simultaneous learners, often one per agent (concurrent learning). Additionally, we discuss direct and indirect communication in connection with learning, plus open issues in task decomposition, scalability, and adaptive dynamics. We conclude with a presentation of multi-agent learning problem domains, and a list of multi-agent learning resources.     

银行对帐单自动处理的解决方案

基于银行对帐单的人工对账处理流程,在Excel中利用VBA开发了模拟人工对账的程序,可有力提高大批量对帐工作的效率。针对银行提供的纸质对帐单,提出了一个从扫描到识别的数字化解决方案,并编制了相关程序,从而为纸质对帐单的自动处理奠定了基础。其中,首次提出利用单个字符图像的文件名与所在子文件夹名来标识OCR之后的字符,以便于人工直接利用缩略图查看方式来校对调整以确保字符图像识别的准确性。     

Survivable Network Design: The State of the Art

In the past few years the telecommunications industry has undergone significant changes. We are rapidly evolving to a state where audio/visual and data traffic is all provided on the same networks. Telecommunication companies are investing billions of dollars in the design and maintenance of telecommunication networks to provide the users with the better quality of service that they have begun to expect. Due to their high capacity, fiber optic cables have become the medium of choice in the deployment of such new networks worldwide. Such high capacities encourage telecommunication providers to create networks that are substantially more sparse than previous copper based networks. Unfortunately, with sparsity comes vulnerability to failure. Given the dependence on the varied services offered by the modern networks, the magnitudes of the investments involved and the costs of disasters it is only logical that researchers look at problems in survivable network design as an interesting research question. There have been a number of papers that have addressed these and other related issues. In this paper we try to classify the area of survivable network design and provide a classification scheme for the same.     

绘画艺术图像的计算美学: 研究前沿与展望

绘画艺术是人类艺术创作的重要组成部分, 绘画艺术图像的计算美学是利用机器实现可计算的人类审美过程, 其在大规模绘画的自动化分析和机器对感性的计算建模上具有重要的应用价值和科学意义. 针对其交叉学科的特点, 本文首次从人类审美的感知、认知和评价三个关键过程出发, 将绘画艺术图像的计算美学研究完整地归纳为属性识别、内容理解和美学评价三方面研究内容, 对其中的问题建模、数据获取和前沿方法等关键科学问题进行了归纳总结, 并对绘画计算美学的三方面研究内容进行了对比、思考和展望.     

Specular Effects on the GPU: State of the Art

This survey reviews algorithms that can render specular, i.e. mirror reflections, refractions, and caustics on the GPU. We establish a taxonomy of methods based on the three main different ways of representing the scene and computing ray intersections with the aid of the GPU, including ray tracing in the original geometry, ray tracing in the sampled geometry, and geometry transformation. Having discussed the possibilities of implementing ray tracing, we consider the generation of single reflections/refractions, interobject multiple reflections/refractions, and the general case which also includes self-reflections or refractions. Moving the focus from the eye to the light sources, caustic effect generation approaches are also examined.     

汽车控制的研究现状与展望

汽车控制技术是推动汽车工业可持续发展的重要保障. 在全球汽车行业竞争日益激烈 的背景下, 如何通过理论与方法的创新, 提高我国汽车控制系统的自主研发能力, 完成从消费大国 向制造强国的过渡是我们目前面临的重大挑战. 本文主要围绕汽车动力总成系统、主动安全系统及新能源汽车中的关键控制问题展开论述, 总结国内外的研究状况, 提炼共性问题, 对汽车控制的发展趋势给出了一些观点.     

Visualization of Biomolecular Structures: State of the Art Revisited

Structural properties of molecules are of primary concern in many fields. This report provides a comprehensive overview on techniques that have been developed in the fields of molecular graphics and visualization with a focus on applications in structural biology. The field heavily relies on computerized geometric and visual representations of three‐dimensional, complex, large and time‐varying molecular structures. The report presents a taxonomy that demonstrates which areas of molecular visualization have already been extensively investigated and where the field is currently heading. It discusses visualizations for molecular structures, strategies for efficient display regarding image quality and frame rate, covers different aspects of level of detail and reviews visualizations illustrating the dynamic aspects of molecular simulation data. The survey concludes with an outlook on promising and important research topics to foster further success in the development of tools that help to reveal molecular secrets.     

Visual Analysis of Biomolecular Cavities: State of the Art

In this report we review and structure the branch of molecular visualization that is concerned with the visual analysis of cavities in macromolecular protein structures. First the necessary background, the domain terminology, and the goals of analytical reasoning are introduced. Based on a comprehensive collection of relevant research works, we present a novel classification for cavity detection approaches and structure them into four distinct classes: grid‐based, Voronoi‐based, surface‐based, and probe‐based methods. The subclasses are then formed by their combinations. We match these approaches with corresponding visualization technologies starting with direct 3D visualization, followed with non‐spatial visualization techniques that for example abstract the interactions between structures into a relational graph, straighten the cavity of interest to see its profile in one view, or aggregate the time sequence into a single contour plot. We also discuss the current state of methods for the visual analysis of cavities in dynamic data such as molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, we give an overview of the most common tools that are actively developed and used in the structural biology and biochemistry research. Our report is concluded by an outlook on future challenges in the field.     

构建央行对电脑稽核模式的新设想

本文主要论述人民银行运用电脑手段稽核银行业务的必要性及电脑稽核的方式对监管工作产生的效果．     

一种银行支票影像交换系统的设计与实现方案

随着计算机技术和网络通信技术的迅猛发展,以电子信息传递代替实物票据传递成为银行支票清算的发展趋势,综合运用影像技术和支付密码等技术的支票影像系统越来越多得到应用,本文给出一种实用性强的全国城市商业银行支票影像系统的设计与实现方案。