高介电常数聚合物基复合材料研究进展

本文概述了目前高介电聚合物基复合材料的主要问题,论述了铁电陶瓷、导电颗粒(金属粒子、石墨、碳纳米管)改性高介电复合材料的国内外研究进展;重点介绍了酞菁铜、聚苯胺改性全有机高介电复合材料,探讨了存在的主要问题,并指出提高介电常数、储能密度,减小介电损耗,降低制备成本是未来发展的方向。     

冷绝缘高温超导电缆用绝缘材料PPLP在液氮中拉伸状态下的冲击绝缘击穿强度

对聚丙烯复合纤维纸(PPLP)在液氮中拉伸状态下的冲击绝缘击穿强度进行了实验研究,用韦伯概率分布的方法进行数据处理,得出不同拉伸应力下0.1%击穿概率的冲击绝缘击穿强度。根据实验结果,结合相关的设计方法,对110 kV冷绝缘高温超导电缆本体用PPLP绕包时的绕包厚度和绕包层数进行了设计。     

Al片/PVDF介电复合材料的制备及性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体, 选用普通工业铝粉为填充组分, 选用乙醇为溶剂, 采用一种简单球磨工艺制备Al片/PVDF介电复合材料, 研究了不同含量的铝粉对复合材料的介电性能的影响。利用SEM分析了复合材料的微观形貌, 并用EDS对微观区域进行元素分析。研究结果表明, 铝片的加入不仅大大提高了复合材料的介电常数, 降低了介电损耗, 而且还具有较高的击穿性能, 满足电子工业领域的要求。      

Dielectric and polarization studies on some organic materials

Dielectric constant and dielectric loss (tanδ) of oxamide, thiooxamide, urea, thiourea and some methyl and ethyl derivatives of urea and thiourea have been measured. The deformation polarization for all the materials is calculated from the static dielectric constants. The electronic contribution to molecular polarization has been evaluated theoretically using atomic hybridization components. The atomic polarization is obtained as the difference between the deformation polarization and electronic contribution to the deformation polarization.     

Negatively Charged Nanosheets Significantly Enhance the Energy-Storage Capability of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

Polymer-based dielectric materials play a key role in advanced electronic devices and electric power systems. Although extensive research has been devoted to improve their energy-storage performances, it is a great challenge to increase the breakdown strength of polymer nanocomposites in terms of achieving high energy density and good reliability under high voltages. Here, a general strategy is proposed to significantly improve their breakdown strength and energy storage by adding negatively charged Ca₂Nb₃O₁₀ nanosheets. A dramatically enhanced breakdown strength (792 MV m⁻¹) and the highest energy density (36.2 J cm⁻³) among all flexible polymer-based dielectrics are observed in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based nanocomposite capacitors. The strategy generalizability is verified by the similar substantial enhancements of breakdown strength and energy density in polystyrene-based nanocomposites. Phase-field simulations demonstrate that the further enhanced breakdown strength is ascribed to the local electric field, produced by the negatively charged Ca₂Nb₃O₁₀ nanosheets sandwiched with the positively charged polyethyleneimine, which suppresses the secondary impact-ionized electrons and blocks the breakdown path in nanocomposites. The results demonstrate a new horizon of high-energy-density flexible capacitors.     

Decrease of dielectric loss in giant dielectric constant CaCu3 Ti4 O12 ceramics by adding CaTiO3

CaCu₃ Ti₄ O₁₂–x CaTiO₃ ceramics (x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5) was studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and dielectric measurements. It was indicated that some CaTiO₃ entered the boundaries of CaCu₃ Ti₄ O₁₂ grains and/or subgrains. Dielectric measurement showed that the addition of CaTiO₃ lowered the dielectric loss remarkably, especially at low frequencies, while the giant dielectric constant still remained. At room temperature, the dissipation factor of the x=0.5 sample was decreased to 0.02 over the frequency range from 50 to 2000 Hz, and the dielectric constant was kept to be 4000. We explain this phenomenon in terms of internal barrier layer capacitance model by using the impedance spectroscopy analysis.     

Towards suppressing dielectric loss of GO/PVDF nanocomposites with TA-Fe coordination complexes as an interface layer

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with surface modification by Tannic and Fe coordination complexes (TA-Fe) were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to prepare high constant but low loss polymer nanocomposites, and the effect of TA-Fe interlayer on dielectric properties of the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF nanocomposites was investigated. The results indicate that the dosage, mixing ratio, and reaction time of TA-Fe complexes have obvious influences on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. Furthermore, the TA-Fe interlayer significantly influences the electrical properties of GO@TA-Fe nanoparticles and their PVDF composites, and the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF composites exhibit superior dielectric properties compared with raw GO/PVDF. Dielectric losses of the GO@TA-Fe/PVDF are significantly suppressed to a rather low level owing to the presence of TA-Fe layer, which serves as an interlayer between the GO sheets, thus preventing them from direct contacting with each other. Additionally, the dynamic dielectric relaxation of the GO/PVDF and GO@TA-Fe/PVDF nanocomposites was investigated in terms of temperature.     

BaO-TiO2-B2O3-SiO2体系LTCC介电性能的研究

利用预煅烧法制备了BaO-TiO2-B2O3-SiO2体系低温共烧陶瓷(简称LTCC)材料,其烧结温度在900℃以下,介电常数在4～20之间随组成变化而调节,介电损耗能保持在0.002左右的水平;研究发现,玻璃陶瓷材料的原始组成、烧结体致密度和电场频率等是影响介电常数的主要因素;而影响介电损耗大小的相关因素比较复杂,本文研究认为材料的原始相组成、烧结体相组成、体电阻率、温度及电场频率等因素起主要作用;研究结果进一步表明,LTCC烧结体的介电损耗与烧结致密度没有明显的联系.     

Dielectric properties of K2Zn2(SO4)3 and (NH4)2 Mg2(SO4)3

Dielectric constant (ɛ), dielectric loss (tan δ) and conductivity (σ) for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ have been measured over the frequency range 100 Hz — 100 kHz and in temperature range 30°C — 400°C. The values of static dielectric constant at room temperature are 7.67 and 4.80 for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively. The plots of log σ against reciprocal temperature at different frequencies of these samples merge into a straight line beyond 250°C and the activation energies calculated in this region are found to be 0.67 eV and 1.98 eV for K₂Zn₂(SO₄)₃ and (NH₄)₂ Mg₂(SO₄)₃ respectively.     

Dielectric measurements on PWB materials at microwave frequencies

In quest of finding new substrate for printed wiring board (PWB) having low dielectric constant, we have made PSF/PMMA blends and evaluated the dielectric parameters at 8.92 GHz frequency and at 35°C temperature. Incorporating PMMA in PSF matrix results in reduced dielectric constant than that of pure PSF. The dielectric parameters of pure PMMA and PSF films of different thicknesses have also been obtained at microwave frequencies. We have used dielectric data at microwave frequencies as a tool to evaluate optical constants, absorption index ‘K’ and refractive index ‘n’. The blends of PSF/PMMA may be used as base materials for PWBs.     

微波介质陶瓷的介电损耗研究进展

综述了微波介质陶瓷介电损耗理论与实验研究的最新进展,讨论了陶瓷体系中气孔、第二相、杂质等微结构对介电损耗的影响,介绍了远红外光谱-阻尼谐振子模型在介电损耗研究中的应用以及双声子过程或多声子过程对介电损耗的贡献,并对微波介质陶瓷研究的发展做了展望.     

介电型石墨烯吸波复合材料研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

石墨烯因其独特的介电特性、高比表面积、低密度等性质,被认为是新一代吸波材料的有力候选。然而,单一组分的石墨烯吸波性能不佳,因此近年来石墨烯基吸波复合材料成为研究热点。本文介绍石墨烯及其复合材料的吸波机理与特性,指出介电型石墨烯作为极具发展潜力的吸波复合材料具有轻质、高强、宽频、薄层的特点。从石墨烯基体与掺杂体两方面综述了介电型石墨烯吸波复合材料的研究进展。最后指出,开发损耗能力强的新型介电掺杂体、构筑多组分吸波复合材料体系、建立通用的设计方法以及探索大批量的制备方法是未来的研究方向。     

聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展

本文综述了近年来聚合物基纳米复合材料的研究进展情况 ,对聚合物基纳米复合材料的各种制备方和已研究的体系及其特点进行了归纳和分析 ,并对聚合物基纳米复合材料的应用前景进行了展望     

离子替换对BMN基焦绿石陶瓷性能的影响

采用固相法制备BiLiMg(NbxMx)O系BMN基陶瓷样品。分别研究了Zr4+离子、Sn4+离子和Ti 4+离子替代Nb5+离子对BMN陶瓷性能的影响。结果表明,Zr4+离子、Sn4+离子和Ti 4+离子替代量较小时,相结构为单一焦绿石结构。随着Zr4+离子、Sn4+离子替代量的增加,样品中空隙增多;Ti 4+离子替代量将直接影响样品中晶粒的生长方向,对样品中空隙影响不明显。介电性能方面,不同替换离子介电性能最佳状态出现在不同替换量的情况下(m为比例系数):在Zr4+离子替换量为2m时,介电常数为177.4177,介电损耗为0.00034;Sn4+离子替代量为1m时,介电常数为174.9671,介电损耗为0.00038;Ti 4+离子替代量为4m时,介电常数为188.4959,介电损耗为0.00027。     

B2O3对BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2微波介质陶瓷性能的影响

为了满足微波器件小型化的需要,开发高介电常数的低温烧结微波介质材料成为一种趋势.采用复合掺杂低熔点氧化物来降低BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2系(BST)微波介质陶瓷的烧结温度,通过X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析其物相组成和显微结构,用阻抗分析仪测量了陶瓷材料的介电性能.结果表明:在Ba4(Sm1-0.15Bi0.15)28/3Ti18O54的基质陶瓷材料中,复合掺杂3%的ZnO和2%的B2O3时,其烧结温度为1060℃,得到的BST微波介质陶瓷的介电性能为:εr≈64,tanδ≈1.2×10-3,τf=-8.3×10-5/℃.     

Polymer nanocomposites for structural applications: Recent trends and new perspectives

Due to their outstanding mechanical, thermal, and durability properties, polymer matrix nanocomposites (PMCs) are currently a prominent area of research. The opportunity of applying PMCs in structural reinforcement and rehabilitation of damaged infrastructures, as well as working as a new structural material, justifies the increasing number of recent studies. In this review article, the effect of adding different reinforcements at nano-scale, such as carbon nanotubes, nanoclay, graphene, or nanosilica to polymer matrices, is discussed and the improvement in mechanical properties of PMCs is evaluated. Some concluding remarks and new perspectives on the use of PMCs in structures are given.     

Dielectric behaviour of erbium substituted Mn-Zn ferrites

Dielectric properties such as dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss tangent (tan□δ) of mixed Mn-Zn-Er ferrites having the compositional formula Mn_0.58Zn_0.37Fe_2.05−xEr_x0₄ (where itx = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) were measured at room temperature in the frequency range 1–13 MHz using a HP 4192A impedance analyser. Plots of dielectric constant (ε′) vs frequency show a normal dielectric behaviour of spinel ferrites. The frequency dependence of dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) was found to be abnormal, giving a peak at certain frequency for all mixed Mn-Zn-Er ferrites. A qualitative explanation is given for the composition and frequency dependence of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. Plots of dielectric constant vs temperature have shown a transition near the Curie temperature for all the samples of Mn-Zn-Er ferrites. However, Mn_0.58Zn_0.37Er_1.0Fe_1.05O₄ does not show a transition. On the basis of these results an explanation for the dielectric mechanism in Mn-Zn-Er ferrites is suggested.     

还原氧化石墨烯-SBA/PMMA复合材料的制备及介电性能

采用乳液聚合法制备苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物（SBA）,通过熔融共混法制备了还原氧化石墨烯/SBA-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（rGO-SBA/PMMA）复合材料,采用FTIR、TGA、动态力学分析对复合材料进行了结构表征,并对其进行了介电性能测试。结果显示,rGO的加入能够提高SBA的玻璃化转变温度。同时,也可以提高rGO-SBA复合材料的热稳定性。rGO的加入显著提高了rGO-SBA复合材料的介电常数。在rGO-SBA复合材料中,其渗流阈值在1.17wt%~2wt%之间,当rGO含量为1.17wt%时,rGO-SBA复合材料具有高的介电特性。在rGO-SBA/PMMA复合材料中,当SBA含量为13wt%及rGO含量为0.52wt%时,在频率为1 000 Hz处其介电常数可达到8.79,且介电损耗低至0.37,进一步表明了rGO-SBA/PMMA复合材料具有高介电低损耗的特性。      

电子玻璃纤维介电性能和工艺参数的研究

实验设计了3组共计9个玻璃配方,通过改变铝硼硅酸盐无碱玻璃系统中各氧化物的比例,研究了组成和性能之间的关系.玻璃用铂金坩埚在电炉中1600℃/6 h熔制,测定了玻璃的介电性能、高温粘度和分相析晶性能等.研究结果表明:降低玻璃中Al2O3含量,同时适当增加SiO2、TiO2或CaO,可以较好地兼顾玻璃的介电性能,并使玻璃的工艺参数满足工业生产的要求.     

Comparative study of dielectric properties of MgNb<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>6</Subscript> prepared by molten salt and ceramic method

Magnesium niobate (MgNb₂O₆) powder was synthesized by the conventional ceramic route as well as by the molten salt route using a eutectic mixture of NaCl-KCl as the salt and Mg(NO₃)₂-6H₂O and TiO₂ as the starting materials. Pure phase of MgNb₂O₆ could be obtained by the molten salt method at 1100°C. However, in ceramic method the pure phase of MgNb₂O₆ was obtained by heating at 1025°C for 20 h. On sintering at 1100°C the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of MgNb₂O₆ obtained by the molten salt method was found to be 19.5 and 0.004 at 100 kHz at room temperature. Lower values were obtained for these oxides prepared by the ceramic route, 16.6 and 0.000518, respectively. In both cases the dielectric constant was quite stable with frequency.