Similar but different? The influence of job satisfaction,organizational commitment and person-job fit on individual performance in the continuum between permanent and temporary organizations

Permanent organizations and temporary organizations, such as projects, represent two poles of a continuum of organizational temporariness. The literature has shown that organizational temporariness can influence organizational outcomes and employee behavior. Using a sample of 341 members of temporary organizations, we investigate job satisfaction and organizational commitment in a permanent organization and person-job fit in a temporary organization as antecedents of employee performance. We further examine how the degree of organizational temporariness moderates these relationships. The findings show that job satisfaction and organizational commitment negatively influence employee performance in a work environment shaped by the coexistence of a permanent organization and a temporary organization, in opposition to their known effects in permanent organizations.     

Understanding employee resourcing in construction organizations

In recent years the literature on employee resourcing has consistently advocated the importance of adopting a holistic, strategic approach to employee deployment decision making rather than adopting a reactive needs‐based approach. This is particularly problematic in construction where the multi‐project environment leads to constantly changing resource requirements and to changing demands over a project's life cycle. This can lead to inappropriate decisions, which fail to meet the longer‐term needs of both construction organizations and their employees. A structured and comprehensive understanding of the current project team deployment practices within large construction organizations was developed. Project deployment practices were examined within seven case study contracting firms. The emergent themes that shaped the decision‐making processes were grouped into five broad clusters comprising human resource planning, performance/career management, team deployment, employee involvement and training and development. The research confirms that a reactive and ad hoc approach to the function prevails within the firms investigated. This suggests a weak relationship between the deployment process and human resource planning, team deployment, performance management, employee involvement and training and development activities. It is suggested that strategic HR–business partnering could engender more transparent and productive relationships in this crucial area.     

居住环境品质优化下的中国社区规划演变研究 ——以广州市保障房社区为例

社区是社会治理的基石,构筑共建共治共享的社会治理模式是新时代对社区规划的顶层设计指引,也是国外社区规划的魅力所在。国内的社区规划长期聚焦于对物质空间的刻画,但随着政府和公众对居住环境品质关注度的提升,社区规划正逐步转型,但转型程度尚有待探索。以广州市早期及新建成的保障房社区为例,从居住环境品质的角度对规划实施成效及公众参与的影响程度进行比较评价。结果显示,保障房社区规划的制度设计与技术标准均有提升,规划编制与实施也更多地吸纳公众的意见。为社区规划的转型与社区共同缔造提供参考。     

Beyond stated and revealed preferences: the relationship between residential preferences and housing choices in the urban region of Turku, Finland

The deconcentration of urban population is a widespread phenomenon in Western societies. Whatever the reasons for residential deconcentration, an inevitable consequence is that an increasing number of people will choose to reside on the outskirts of urban regions. In this paper, the relationship between residential preferences and housing choices is examined using questionnaire data from 1,137 residents of the Turku urban region. This study examines how congruent their stated and revealed residential preferences are in the urban region and to what extent residential preferences affect residential mobility within the urban region. The results show that the stated residential preferences of the respondents correspond closely with their housing choices but the relation of residential preferences to changing population distribution is not straightforward. Although preference for low-density housing is the most important factor describing population decentralisation, the population flow towards the central city is predominantly determined by demographic factors. The results emphasise the latent nature of residential preferences, as the preferred residential environment does not necessarily correspond with the chosen housing. The results stress the importance of gaining thorough knowledge of the subjective values given to housing in order to understand what aspects of housing are important for people and what kind of influence residential preferences actually have on housing choices.     

Organizational modes in the residential building sector in Sweden

Traditional organizational studies emphasize department groupings and the management style of different organizations that are often based on common tasks, products, geography and processes. They also mainly emphasize the connection between construction supply chain and procurement methods but have not analysed of how external factors shape the organization structure and consequently the supply chain. Three things are analysed: the impact of competitive pressure, required competence and degree of flexibility on various modes of construction organization used for producing multi‐family residential housing in Sweden from a transaction cost theory perspective. Organization structures depend on the level of project engagement, competence demanded by the preferred organization mode as well as the economic environment, and the level of construction activities.     

Residential mobility in private lower‐cost housing in Bangkok

The literature on residential satisfaction and mobility for Western countries is extensive and has yielded a number of models explaining mobility in the housing market. By studying a large number of residents of private lower‐cost housing estates in Bangkok (Thailand) a model is built explaining residential mobility in low‐income countries. The strongest predictor of mobility is home ownership followed by residential satisfaction itself. This contradicts earlier results in developed countries. Satisfaction with the individual dwelling unit, satisfaction with the environment of the estate and the age of the head of household also, with decreasing strength, influence plans to move.     

Managing knowledge: lessons from the oil and gas sector

Knowledge management (KM) is of increasing interest to a number of leading UK construction organizations. Companies are keen to find out what other organizations are doing both within the construction and other industry sectors. There are important lessons to be learned from Canadian oil and gas organizations on how they manage their knowledge. A case study is used to explore the KM activities of eight leading organizations and investigate the opportunities for construction organizations to adopt some of their ideas. Three areas are covered: KM strategy and implementation, people aspects of KM and metrics for KM performance. There are several potential lessons for UK organizations: the need for KM to be driven by senior management if it is to have any notable success; the use of people‐centred techniques for sharing tacit knowledge and IT tools for sharing explicit knowledge; the importance of selling solutions to project teams to obtain employee support for KM; peer recognition has a more sustainable impact than financial reward; and KM measurement should be considered as a way of improving its impact, rather than justifying expenditure.     

OUT OF THE PROJECTS,STILL IN THE HOOD: THE SPATIAL CONSTRAINTS ON PUBLIC‐HOUSING RESIDENTS' RELOCATION IN CHICAGO

ABSTRACT: Public housing, usually located in predominantly poor, minority neighborhoods, has long been associated with concentrated poverty and spatially constraining opportunities for upward mobility. The federal government created HOPE VI in 1992 to transform the physical and social shape of public housing, demolishing existing projects and replacing them with mixed‐income developments. To accomplish this public‐housing residents are relocated with housing voucher subsidies to the private market and only a small portion will be able to return to the new mixed income developments. To what extent do these voucher subsidies simply reinforce a stratified housing market by limiting the types of neighborhoods available to former public‐housing residents? Using spatial analytic techniques, this study examines the spatial patterns and neighborhood conditions of voucher housing and how these patterns link to public‐housing relocatees’ destinations. Findings indicate that voucher housing tends to be clustered in poor African‐American neighborhoods where the majority of relocated public‐housing residents settle. Thus, there appear to be spatial constraints on relocatees’ residential options.     

CHALLENGES FOR NONPROFIT HOUSING ORGANIZATIONS CREATED BY THE PRIVATE HOUSING MARKET

ABSTRACT: Community development corporations (CDCs) and other large nonprofit housing organizations are major producers of housing for low‐income households. One of the least recognized and examined set of challenges facing these groups relates to how the workings of the private housing market—both weak and strong market conditions—impact their ability to carry out their mission. After presenting examples of how housing market conditions create challenges for nonprofits, the article explores how organizational strategic planning can help the nonprofit to more explicitly focus on housing market dynamics and plan its activities taking into account these concerns. An analysis of the two major training programs for nonprofit housing organizations that were available during 2007 revealed that out of the 216 different courses offered by NeighborWorks America and the Local Initiatives Support Corporation, only 8% appear to relate closely to housing market dynamics and land‐use issues and 3% relate to strategic planning. Initiatives that would assist nonprofits to both recognize the importance of the private housing market and to assist them in developing strategies for confronting market‐based challenges are presented.     

Effects of outdoor shared spaces on social interaction in a housing estate in Algeria

This study aims to identify how the characteristics of shared outdoor spaces in housing estates influence residents to interact with one another. The study specifically focuses on a housing project called la cité des 1000 logts, which is situated in a zone d'habitat urbaine nouvelle in Biskra, a city in South Algeria. The investigation draws on two sources of information, observations of the ways in which the residents use their neighborhood spaces and a questionnaire survey with residents about the perceived adequacy of these spaces for social interaction. Data for the survey was collected from the owners of flats in the apartment blocks surrounding the open spaces. Housing samples were taken from a total of 1000 housing units identified within the study area. Twenty five percent (25%) of the total housing units were selected. Out of the 250 questionnaires administered to household-heads who were the respondents, only 230 were subsequently retrieved for data analysis. Results showed that the high degree of “openness” of la cité des 1000 logts and the poor quality of communal outdoor spaces in the area discourage all forms of spatial use and reduce these outdoor spaces to transit areas. Furthermore, findings indicated that the layout of buildings and the quality of common outdoor spaces in residential neighborhoods substantially affect the use of these spaces and the social interaction among residents.     

Residential Satisfaction Among Public Housing Residents Living in Social-Mix Housing Complexes: The Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area,Korea

Abstract

This study asks how a social mix policy that mixes public housing with private housing in the same housing complex is associated with residential satisfaction among public housing residents in Korea. We also ask if mixture types between public and private housing make a difference in the residential satisfaction of public housing residents. By analyzing the 2011 Korea Housing Survey for Public Housing Residents, we find that living in the independent type that includes only public housing and the random-mix type that randomly mixes public housing with private housing in the same building is positively related to residential satisfaction among public housing residents. The empirical analysis also shows that the levels of social conflict among residents are the lowest in the random-mix type.     

Bridging the Gap between Housing Stress and Financial Stress: The Case of Australia

In recent decades, housing affordability has been increasingly linked to household financial outcomes where high housing costs relative to income are perceived to negatively affect financial well-being. However, the traditional measure of housing affordability in Australia is housing stress, which is subject to widespread criticism as an inadequate representation of overall financial stress. This methodological paper first determines the extent to which housing stress correlates with experiences of financial stress and, second, demonstrates ways in which the measure can be modified to deliver a more reliable indication of how housing costs affect financial well-being. The study contributes to the international literature by showing how the use of longitudinal data can improve the measure of housing stress providing a more accurate assessment of the relationship between housing costs and financial well-being.     

Scenarios for the future of human settlements in the Nordic countries

This is a study of long‐term perspectives for dwelling, construction and planning. It describes postindustrial features of a rich welfare society and the significance of these features for the household and for local life in the residential area—changed patterns for the time devoted to paid and unpaid work, changed household patterns, the spread of self‐service and an incipient saturation in the consumption of goods and housing. The latter is regarded as a consequence of a rapid increase in standard and an even more rapid increase in cost which can no longer be compensated by housing subsidies.

Three scenarios of the future, with the organization of work as a central variable, are outlined from this point of departure. The effect of shorter working hours per week, of lower retirement ages or of extensive exclusion from gainful employment are discussed. The report also discusses which economic and administrative control instruments can be used in housing policy to provide an acceptable housing standard and to protect households against disruptive migrations. One scenario includes a discussion of measures which can lead to increased local cooperation. It is assumed in one scenario that the housing market will be characterized by a situation in which the residents own their own homes, while another scenario develops an administrative municipal housing allocation. It is assumed in all three scenarios that the addition of new dwelling units will be small. As a result, conditions are required which can promote a turnover of the dwelling units so that shrinking households place their excessively large dwellings at the disposal of growing households.     

Gentrification or social renewal? Effects of public supported housing renewal in Denmark

This paper analyses social change, particularly the processes of social decay, in obsolete and deteriorated housing in the older housing stock in Denmark between 1986 and 1996. These changes are compared with the development which has occurred in similar kinds of housing that have been physically upgraded through a government program for housing renewal.

The study shows that this kind of housing attracts a quick turnover of residents and a tendency towards more unemployed or lower income occupants. It is also used by young people as their first home when moving away from their parents.

It is also shown that public supported housing renewal stops this type of housing pattern and increases the share of households that have high incomes. The changes, however, are not considerable and there are also many unemployed people among the newcomers. These changes depend to a large degree on the size and tenure of the renewed dwellings. In private renting, particularly co‐operatives and in larger dwellings the socio‐economic composition of residents undergo greater changes than in smaller dwellings in non‐profit or public housing. Extensive renewal often results in high rent compared with rent from the regulated housing market in Denmark. As a result the renewed dwellings have difficulties in competing with other kind of dwellings. For that reason residents of this type of housing primarily consist of welfare or pension recipients or others who receive high housing benefits. A minority of people with higher income also use these dwellings but mostly as temporary housing as after a few years they often move to owner‐occupied housing.     

Hoping for more: redeveloping U.S. public housing without marginalizing low-income residents?

Urban restructuring policies have uprooted residents and dismantled communities. Previous studies focus on housing redevelopment that minimizes the fraction of housing units left for poor residents and on interviewing residents only once the redevelopment has been announced. By contrast, this paper examines how residents over time experienced the HOPE VI redevelopment of the Orchard Park public housing project in Boston, which sought to preserve a low-income community. Using official records and a unique set of interviews with residents before and after redevelopment, we find marked declines in crime and increased residential satisfaction, which are attributed to changes in tenant composition. The redevelopment process reduced the total number of public housing units yet maintained the vast majority of housing for poor families while creating a new social mix. The findings suggest that to more fully capture the impacts of restructuring, existing theory must be expanded to consider who is displaced and how poverty is deconcentrated.     

Residents' Sense Of Control And Ownership In A Mutual Housing Association

ABSTRACT: This paper presents results from a survey of residents of a self-managed mutual housing association for older people. Specifically, it explores the relationship between residents' actual level of participation in the management and ownership of low income housing and their perceptions of control and ownership over their living environment. The model of mutual housing studied here appears to contribute to overall high levels of perceived control over decision making and moderately strong feelings of ownership. However, results suggest that these experiences are influenced by a number of factors in addition to direct participation. In particular, the quality of relations with resident leaders, satisfaction with the social and physical environment, and gender differences all significantly affect perceptions of control and ownership. This analysis suggests that researchers, policy makers, and program administrators must pay careful attention to the influence of social dynamics in a residential community and overall housing quality when evaluating the effectiveness of resident-controlled housing programs.     

The housing problems of employees: Housing markets, policy issues and responses in England

The paper presents empirical evidence from an exploratory survey of employees in one case study company. It illustrates how the deregulation of the housing and labour markets in England has impacted on the company employees to produce a range of welfare housing problems. These welfare housing problems were experienced by relatively affluent home-owning employees, though were concentrated amongst lower-income households, those spending a larger proportion of their income on housing costs and renters. These problems disrupted employees’ home life and work in diverse ways with knock-on effects into their company and the economy. Other companies surveyed in the research offered employees advice, where they had the capacity. However, there was a reluctance amongst employees to report problems because of growing perceptions of insecurity in employment. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for additional state intervention in housing policy. This need goes beyond that recently announced by the Labour government which focuses upon the regeneration of council housing. New policies are needed to regulate the housing market and to provide information to government and its agencies to develop a greater understanding of local housing markets.     

Socio‐economic position and housing tenure in Finland 1971–85

This article analyses the development of socio‐economic differences in housing tenure in Finland between 1971 and 1985. The home‐ownership rate of fanners and entrepreneurs was clearly higher than that of wage earners. In employee groups theliome‐ownership rate was low in the early 1970s but increased rapidly. Much of the change was due to the declining proportion of employees renting employer‐provided dwellings. Among workers the proportion of renters decreased less than in the other groups. The worker home‐owners differ from the employee home‐owners in the respect that they are more often house‐owners than condominium‐owners. Only the “lowest” social groups remained overrepresented in renting. This development can be interpreted as increasing segregation of renting. The home‐ownership rate followed the social hierarchy more clearly at the end than at the beginning of the period.     

NATIVITY,ETHNICITY, AND RESIDENTIAL RELOCATION: THE EXPERIENCE OF HMONG REFUGEES AND AFRICAN AMERICANS DISPLACED FROM PUBLIC HOUSING

ABSTRACT: This article focuses on how the experiences of refugee public housing residents differ from those of other public housing residents when they participate in housing dispersal programs. An analysis of the spatial resettlement patterns and survey responses of Hmong and African‐American public housing residents who were involuntarily relocated from public housing in Minneapolis, MN indicates the extent to which residents resettled in ethnically concentrated neighborhoods and their satisfaction with their new housing arrangements and neighborhoods. Research results suggest that Hmong did not settle in ethnically concentrated neighborhoods to the same extent as African Americans after relocation, and experienced lower levels of satisfaction in their new housing arrangements and neighborhoods. These findings indicate that the outcomes for residents involved in housing dispersal programs may depend in part on nativity status.     

Mobilizing social capital: Which informal and formal supports affect employment outcomes for HOPE VI residents?

Using a mixed-methods approach, this study examines the relationship between informal social support and formal support services and employment outcomes among residents of a public housing development relocated as part of a HOPE VI project in Charlotte, North Carolina. Informal social supports are resources accessible through family and friends within a neighborhood and formal support services are provided by case managers and service providers. We find that when former public housing residents are enrolled in case management longer and have high satisfaction with their case manager, this leads to better employment outcomes. In addition, having strong bonding ties among public housing neighbors has a negative influence on employment. This study sheds light on how case managers play a role in promoting economic mobility by mitigating social and economic crises and providing bridging capital for poor families.