特定形状小目标的回波特性分析

通过商业建模软件ANSYS对特定形状小目标进行精确几何建模,利用基于物理声学的板块元方法,对特定形状小目标的几何回波特性进行理论研究,包括目标强度和几何回波亮点结构。通过缩比模型的水池实验和数据分析,将理论预报结果和实测结果进行了比较,结果吻合较好。     

小间距隧道钻爆施工开挖工序研究

采用钻爆法修建小间距隧道时,后行隧道爆破施工将对先行隧道结构产生振动,影响先行隧道的安全性。以北京怀柔区头道穴小间距隧道为工程背景,采用ANSYS软件建立二维数值计算模型,并结合现场监测数据完善计算模型,研究了4种不同施工工序时后行隧道对先行隧道结构产生的振动影响,得出先行隧道迎爆侧边墙受到的振动最大,拱脚处和轮廓线不连续处出现应力集中;因此规定施工中最大段药量不能超过32kg,且先行隧道的下台阶开挖掌子面不宜超越后行隧道上台阶掌子面。若有进度要求,先行隧道宜先开挖左下台阶,以达到保护先行隧道安全的目的。     

小间距隧道钻爆施工开挖工序研究

采用钻爆法修建小间距隧道时,后行隧道爆破施工将对先行隧道结构产生振动,影响先行隧道的安全性。以北京怀柔区头道穴小间距隧道为工程背景,采用ANSYS软件建立二维数值计算模型,并结合现场监测数据完善计算模型,研究了4种不同施工工序时后行隧道对先行隧道结构产生的振动影响,得出先行隧道迎爆侧边墙受到的振动最大,拱脚处和轮廓线不连续处出现应力集中;因此规定施工中最大段药量不能超过32kg,且先行隧道的下台阶开挖掌子面不宜超越后行隧道上台阶掌子面。若有进度要求,先行隧道宜先开挖左下台阶,以达到保护先行隧道安全的目的。     

Full-field measurement technique and its application to the analysis of materials behaviour under plane strain mode

The purpose of the paper is to provide a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of one of the encountered and critical state modes in sheet metal forming processes. The study is carried out with the help of the full-field measurement techniques. In order to confer some generality to the proposed work, several materials and different specimen shapes are considered that exhibit more or less homogeneous strain field. The proposed experimental study of the plane strain test is completed by a preliminary identification of the material parameters for non-linear behaviour at finite strains, using heterogeneous strain field.     

深厚淤泥条件下爆破挤淤技术应用

针对复杂环境下淤泥质软土层厚度较大、软土层中含有砂层的问题,以浙江省舟山市岱山县大小鱼山促淤围涂工程南堤段为研究背景,设计了炸药单耗为0.10⁰.15kg/m3、药包埋深为淤泥厚度的(0.20.15kg/m3、药包埋深为淤泥厚度的(0.2⁰.45)倍、药包间距为4m的爆破参数,采用深厚淤泥条件下的施工工艺和利用金属探杆检测施工后沉降的质量检测方法,并分别在南堤桩号SK0+2500.45)倍、药包间距为4m的爆破参数,采用深厚淤泥条件下的施工工艺和利用金属探杆检测施工后沉降的质量检测方法,并分别在南堤桩号SK0+250^SK0+350的无夹砂层段和SK0+650SK0+350的无夹砂层段和SK0+650^SK0+750的夹砂层段进行了现场爆破实验,监测结果表明,采用该方法爆破后堤身结构稳定,施工后日沉降量小于10mm,在深厚淤泥条件下修筑防波堤时采用爆破挤淤定向滑移法是成功的,并且在炸药单耗上也较为经济,为类似工程提供了参考。     

Development of single function potential approach of orthotropic composite materials for the case of the plane strain condition

Displacement potential formulation of orthotropic composite materials is extended for the plane strain condition. Different displacement and stress components and the governing equation are expressed as a single potential function for orthotropic composite materials. Using the developed single-function potential formulation, a one-end fixed, thick, stiffened T 300/5208 carbon epoxy plate subjected to uniform tension at its right lateral end is solved as an example to show the applicability of the present approach. Different displacement and stress components at different sections of the plate are discussed with the help of graphical solutions. The solutions of the same problem mentioned in the article considering boron/epoxy plate under plane stress condition obtained by the present analytical approach is compared with those of finite difference and finite element method to verify the validity of the present results.     

测量深亚微米薄膜内微小残余应力的测试圆环结构

为能灵敏地测出深亚微米薄膜中的微小残余应力,对现有的圆环临界屈曲结构做进一步改进,并利用改进后的圆环结构测量3种不同厚度的深亚微米尺度薄膜残余应力。通过在线监测系统对释放过程进行观察并测量其临界腐蚀深度,然后借助ANSYS软件的特征值屈曲法计算出残余应力大小。改进后的测试圆环结构最终成功地测量出3种深亚微米尺度薄膜中10MPa以下的微小残余压应力,而制作在同一薄膜上的微旋转机构因在如此低的应力状态下未发生明显的形变而未能实现残余应力的测量。     

A direct complementarity approach for the elastoplastic analysis of plane stress and plane strain structures

This paper presents a direct complementarity approach for carrying out the elastoplastic analysis of plane stress and plane strain structures. Founded on a traditional finite‐step formulation, our approach, however, avoids the typically cumbersome implementation of iterative predictor–corrector procedures associated with the ubiquitous return mapping algorithm. Instead, at each predefined step, the governing formulation—cast in its most natural mathematical programming format known as a mixed complementarity problem—is directly solved by using a complementarity solver run from within a mathematical modeling system. We have chosen the industry‐standard General Algebraic Modeling System/PATH mixed complementarity problem solver that is called from within the General Algebraic Modeling System environment. We consider both von Mises and Tresca materials, with perfect or hardening (kinematic and isotropic) behaviors. Our numerical tests, five (benchmark) examples of which are presented in this paper, have been carried out using models constructed from the mixed finite element of Capsoni and Corradi (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1997; 141 :67–93), which beneficially offers a locking‐free behavior and coarse‐mesh accuracy. The results indicate, in addition to an isochoric locking‐free behavior, good accuracy and the ability to circumvent the difficult singularity problem associated with the corners of Tresca yield surfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Relationships between the local characteristics of the force and strain criteria during propagation of a long fatigue through crack

Based on the analysis of the fracture mechanical concepts of evaluating the kinetics of a long fatigue crack and the mechanical situation at its tip, a reliable relationship between the local characteristics of the force and strain criteria is established. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 6, pp. 113–121, November–December, 2007.     

Fatigue life and crack closure in specimens subjected to variable amplitude loads under plane strain conditions

The propagation of fatigue cracks in specimens subjected to variable amplitude loading under plane strain conditions was investigated experimentally and numerically, to find the influence of the variable amplitude loading on the stabilised crack closure level. Experiments on four-point-bend specimens with a Gurney block load scheme, showed that the crack closure level depends on the crack length but not on the stress range of the fluctuations. Numerical simulations performed in the fatigue crack growth program FASTRAN-II showed good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, statistical uncertainty analyses performed on the fatigue life show that, for technical applications, the uncertainties in initial crack length and load levels have a greater influence on the uncertainty in fatigue life, than the fluctuation level of the load.     

白令海西部小区域声传播特征研究

白令海是连接太平洋、北冰洋唯一要道,经济、军事地位极其重要。利用中国第5次北极科学考察CTD(Conductivity,Temperature,Depth)数据,在分析白令海西部小区域水文环境基础上,结合大陆坡地形,利用UMPE(University of Miami Parabolic Equation)抛物方程模型模拟声传播特征,并利用Bellhop射线声学模型分析其形成的物理机制。陆坡区域受流混合影响,50~350 m形成低温、低盐水团。声波沿陆坡向深海传播时,声能向500 m以上汇聚,次表层50 m左右形成声道,深层为声影区;声波沿陆坡向浅海传播时,50 m左右出现声道,深层传播损失较大,无声影区;"斜坡增强效应"使得声源置于浅水海域时,50 m声道强度大于声源置于深水海域。     

Bioadhesive characteristics of chitosan microspheres to the mucosa of rat small intestine

Chitosan (Chi) microspheres were examined in vitro and in vivo in terms of their bioadhesive characteristics to the mucosa of rat small intestine. Chi was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and the microspheres (FTC-MS) were prepared by the dry-in-oil method using the obtained fluorescein thiocarbamyl-chitosan (FTC-Chi). FTC-MS with a mean diameter of 27 μm and size distribution of a few micrometers to several tens of micrometers was used for the bioadhesion experiment. FTC-MS exhibited a tendency to adhere to each part of the small intestine to a greater extent than dissolved FTC-Chi, and the ratio of adhering FTC-MS increased as the amount of added FTC-MS decreased. FTC-MS showed slower transit following intraduodenal injection than oral administration. Following the intraduodenal injection of FTC-MS, more than half remained in the upper or middle part of the small intestine for over 8 h. Further, insulin-containing chitosan microspheres with a mean diameter of 20 μm and size distribution of 5 μm to 45 μm were checked in situ for drug absorption, but intraduodenal or intraileal application hardly gave any decrease in plasma glucose level at a very high dose. The present chitosan microsphere system showed good adhesion to the intestinal mucosa, but scarcely facilitated absorption of insulin.     

Fibrous composites of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic phases: Generalized plane strain with transverse electromagnetic fields

This work presents a theoretical framework for solving the field distributions of a piezoelectric–piezomagnetic fibrous composite subjected to generalized plane strain with transverse electromagnetic fields. The matrix is infinite containing arbitrarily distributed circular cylinders, which may have different sizes and material properties. By introducing an eigenstrain corresponding to the electro-magneto-elastic effect, this coupling problem can be reduced to an equivalent plane elasticity problem. The classic work of Muskhelishvili to obtain the elastic potential of a composite is generalized to the current multi-field multi-inclusion media. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.     

Finite-element analysis of fatigue crack closure under plane strain conditions: stabilization behaviour and mesh size effect

An elastic–plastic finite‐element analysis of fatigue crack closure is performed for plane strain conditions. The stabilization behaviour of crack opening level and the effect of mesh size on the crack opening stress are investigated. It has been well reported that the crack opening level under plane stress conditions becomes stable after the crack advances beyond the initial monotonic plastic zone. In order to obtain a stabilized crack opening level for plane strain conditions, the crack must be advanced through approximately four times the initial monotonic plastic zone. The crack opening load tends to increase with the decrease of mesh size. The mesh size nearly equal to the theoretical plane strain cyclic plastic zone size may provide reasonable numerical results comparable with experimental crack opening data. The crack opening behaviour is influenced by the crack growth increment and discontinuous opening behaviour is observed.     

中低应变率加载下弱胶结软岩动力学特性

我国西部侏罗系煤层上覆巨厚白垩系富水软岩,为了解此类软岩在冲击荷载作用下的力学本构关系及损伤演化规律,利用Hopkinson压杆装置对干燥、饱和红砂软岩进行中低应变率下的冲击试验,结果表明:红砂软岩峰值应力、峰值应变均表现出明显的应变率效应,其中峰值应力与应变率呈指数关系;相同应变率下,干燥红砂软岩的强度大于饱和状态,对冲击荷载表现出更强的抵抗能力,但饱和红砂软岩的宏观破坏强度大于干燥状态;低应变率加载下,干燥红砂软岩出现负损伤;结合微观机理分析,低应变率下,水对红砂软岩的弱化作用占据主导地位,随着应变率的增大,在惯性效应和水的Stefan效应共同作用下,饱和红砂软岩的动态强度得到强化;基于Z-W-T模型和应变等效原理,建立了服从Weibull分布的损伤本构方程,经验证能很好的反映红砂软岩的动态本构关系,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

Analysis of measured strain response of asphalt pavements and relevant prediction models

In order to investigate the actual strain response of asphalt pavement under real condition, three types of asphalt pavement sections with typical surface structures are built. The effects of axle configuration, axle load, speed and testing temperature on strain response of asphalt pavement were analysed through in situ dynamic loading. Experimental results indicate that the strain response at the bottom of the asphalt surface layer increases with increasing axle load and temperature, but decreases with the rise of speed. On the other hand, the temperature exerts different influence levels on pavement sections with different structures. It is also concluded that the tandem axle load could lead to a greater strain response than that of single axle load. Applying the analysis of variance, the effects of pavement surface temperature, axle load, speed and their double interactions are studied as well. Finally, the paper proposes prediction models of the strain response at the bottom of asphalt layer by means of multivariate regression analysis.     

Unified characterisation of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraint based on crack‐tip equivalent plastic strain

Constraint can be divided into two conditions of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane, and each of them has its own parameter to characterize. However, in most cases, there exists a compound change of both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraint in structures, a unified measure that can reflect both of them is needed. In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate the equivalent plastic strain (ɛ_p) distribution ahead of crack tips for specimens with different in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints, and the FEM simulations based on Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model and a small number of tests were used to obtain fracture toughness for the specimens with different constraints. Unified measure and characterisation parameter of in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints based on crack‐tip equivalent plastic strain has been investigated. The results show that the area A_PEEQ surrounded by the ɛ_p isoline ahead of crack tips can characterize both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane constraints. Based on the area A_PEEQ, a unified constraint characterisation parameter A_p was defined. It was found that there exists a sole linear relation between the normalised fracture toughness J_IC/J_ref and regardless of the in‐plane constraint, out‐of‐plane constraint and the selection of the ɛ_p isolines. The unified J_IC/J_ref−reference line can be used to determine constraint‐dependent fracture toughness of materials. The FEM simulations with the GTN damage model (local approach) can be used in obtaining the unified J_IC/J_ref−reference line for materials with ductile fracture.     

厚膜电阻材料的物化特性对钌系厚膜电阻应变系数的影响

通过对厚膜电阻导电相、玻璃相的粒径控制、粒径比搭配以及在导电相、玻璃相中掺杂,研制成一种厚膜力敏电阻浆料,其应变系数GF可达15～17、工作温度可达150℃.介绍了厚膜力敏应变系数的测量方法,研究了厚膜电阻材料的物化特性对钌系厚膜电阻应变系数的影响,探讨了提高应变系数的技术途径,同时,对其导电机理作了简要的阐述.