小型单缸柴油机的集油器润滑方式

本文介绍了单缸柴油机的一种新的润滑方式——集油器润滑。它与传统的机油泵压力润滑和离心甩油润滑相比，具有结构简单、安装方便、成本低、无故障等优点     

GK1C型机车手柄提“1”位变扭器不充油故障分析及处理办法

针对GK1C型机车司控器手柄提"1"位变扭器不充油的典型故障,进行故障原因分析及判断,提出处理方法。     

环空测试井新型泄油器的研制与应用

为满足清洁生产要求和有杆泵抽油井测试需要,目前多数油井生产管柱安装了泄油装置.在非环空测试井中普遍使用KYLM-115锚定式泄油器,在环空测试井中还没有较为适宜的泄油器.通过对现有油井管柱泄油方式调研分析,结合环空测试井特点,设计研制了轨道换向式泄油器,并进行了结构优化和开关力计算,验证该工具可行性.轨道换向式泄油器主要由接头、外套、弹性滑套、轨道销钉、摆动环、泄油外套、密封件等组成,与现有的环空测试井泄油器相比,轨道换向式泄油器的泄油孔能实现重复关闭和打开.在7口试验井现场应用过程中,无泄油器失效现象发生,满足环空测试井生产和测试要求.该装置能克服现有环空测试井泄油器的缺点,具有动作可靠,使用范围广,使用寿命长,对抽油杆组合无影响等特点.     

新型φ145提前器的开发研制

介绍了一种新型Φ145提前器,该提前器采用驱动盘壳体内壁来限制飞块最大行程;在提前器从动盘上设计了一 个挡油环形结构,并将原来的双骨架密封结构改为单骨架结构加O型圈密封结构。与Φ135提前器相比,Φ145提前器 结构简单合理、密封性、可靠性及工作能力均有明显提高,提前特性能满足柴油机性能和排放要求。     

抽油机变频控制及其节能、增产效果

本文介绍了油井多功能增油节能智能器的工作原理，对常采井、热采井的现场应用效果进行了分析，指出了油井多功能增油节能智能器降低能耗，提高机械采油系统效率的内在机理。论证了有效延长热采井(尤其是斜直井)的吞吐周期，提高周期油汽比的可行性。提出了下步配套技术升级，实现油井全自动监控，实现增油、节能的设想。指出此项技术能有效提高稠油井机采系统效率，促进稠油油田整体开发效益达到科学经济合理，具有广阔的推广空间。     

小型单缸柴油机的集油器润滑方式

本文介绍了单缸柴油机的一种新的润滑方式－－集油器润滑。它与传统的机油泵压力润滑和离心甩油润滑相比，具有结构简单，安装方便，成本低，无故障等优点。     

200MW机组供油系统的定型设计

根据200MW机组朝阳鉴定会议的意见和要求;定型设计中对供油系统在充分调查研究和试验的基础上进行了较大的改动: 重新设计了顶轴系统、排烟系统、主油箱、射油器、溢油阀、油位指示器,回油窥视联管,联轴器罩壳等主要部套。并对轴承箱挡油环等零部件进行了修改。系统中还增加了油净化装置和电机轴承回油的氢油分离装置。供油系统的电站布置和油管路设计,也做了较大的改进。国产机组供油系统的主要设备结构,布置方式和油管路设计等,多年来一直没有多     

新型Ф145提前器的开发研制

介绍了一种新型Ф145提前器，该提前器采用驱动盘壳体内壁来限制飞块最大行程；在提前器从动盘上设计了一个挡油环形结构，并将原来的双骨架密封结构改为单骨架结构加0型圈密封结构。与Ф135提前器相比，Ф145提前器结构简单合理、密封性、可靠性及工作能力均有明显提高，提前特性能满足柴油机性能和排放要求。     

汽轮发电机组射油器故障的处理

简单叙述了汽轮机射油器在整个机组中重要作用和工作原理,射油器运行中常见故障的处理。     

多孔射油器的性能试验

根据单孔喷嘴和多孔喷嘴射油器性能对比试验，以及多孔喷嘴射油器的Ｌｃ，ｍ变化试验，研究多孔喷嘴射油器的性能和特点，同时也为改造单孔射油器提供依据。     

Transesterification of jojoba oil,sunflower oil,neem oil,rocket seed oil and linseed oil by tin catalysts

The methanolysis of jojoba oil has been studied in the presence of tin powder, dibutyltin diacetate (C₄H₉)₂Sn(OOCCH₃)₂, dioctyltin diacetate (C₈H₁₇)₂Sn(OOCCH₃)₂, dibutyltin oxide (C₄H₉)₂SnO, dioctyltin oxide (C₈H₁₇)₂SnO, diphenyltin oxide (C₆H₅)₂SnO, dibutyltin chloride dihydroxide (C₄H₉)₂Sn(OH)₂Cl, butyltinhydroxide hydrate (C₄H₉)Sn(=O)OH.xH₂O, Ni nanoparticles and Pd nanoparticles act as catalysts. Among these, 1 weight % of dibutyltin diacetate shows the maximum conversion. Then, methanolysis of sunflower oil, neem oil, rocket seed oil and linseed oil into methyl esters studied in the presence of 1% dibutyltin diacetate as a catalyst and was compared their percentage conversions. The experimental yield for the conversion of jojoba oil, sunflower oil, neem oil, rocket seed oil and linseed oil into biodiesel was found to be 71%, 51%, 50.78%, 40.90% and 39.66%, respectively. The experimental yield of the conversion of jojoba oil into methyl esters was found to be increased up to 96% by increasing reaction time, without emulsion formation. The synthesis of jojoba seed oil biodiesel (JSOB), soybean oil biodiesel (SOB), neem oil biodiesel (NOB), rocket seed oil biodiesel (RSOB) and linseed oil biodiesel (LSOB) was confirmed by NMR (¹H & ¹³C) and FT-IR analyses of biodiesel.     

Evaluation of oil yield from Jordanian oil shales

In this paper, the influences of particle size, grade and pyrolysis temperature on the oil yield have been evaluated in a laboratory scale reactor. Five categories of particle sizes from two different oil shale samples were pyrolyzed by employing a fixed bed retorting system. The reactor and the oil shale sample were heated at a constant rate and nitrogen gas was used to purge the sample, continuously, in order to remove the pyrolysis products from the reactor as well as to reduce secondary reactions. The liquid products were condensed and collected in a series of cold glass-traps and the off-gases analysed for their hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon species. Subsequent experiments were carried out, employing a thermogravimetric analyser, using only the four smallest particle sizes under similar conditions as applied to the fixed bed retort. The activation energy was determined by using the integral method. The pyrolysis of the investigated shales was found to comply with first-order kinetics within the limits of experimental error. Increasing the particle size resulted in a small rise in the liquid oil yield, but simultaneously the total gaseous production was decreased.     

大豆绝缘油的制备与性能研究

以市售大豆油为原料,通过活性白土减压吸附、碱性Al2O3降酸、微孔滤膜真空抽滤和减压蒸馏深度净化等精炼工艺过程,制备出一种环保型植物绝缘油。理化与电气性能测试结果表明,其闭口闪点达230℃,水分含量低于10 mg/L,酸值(KOH)降低至0.02 mg/g,90℃介质损耗因数tanδ为0.23%,体积电阻率ρ达8.66×1010Ω.m,击穿电压大于60 kV,关键性能指标满足"变压器油(GB2536-90)"标准对500 kV超高压电气设备用油的要求。     

Peak oil in the light of oil formation theories

The peak oil debate is underpinned by a biological paradigm of oil formation that generates a notion of fixed oil and gas reserves in the Earth's crust. However, the potential of the abiogenic theory of oil formation is underestimated. We will demonstrate the value of modern petroleum science based on a thermodynamic understanding of hydrocarbon formation, and both experimental and observational data, which can introduce a change into the debate. Now emotionally charged and contentious, the debate will supposedly develop a balanced and realistic scenario on gradual oil transition and a secure global energy supply.     

Cooling of oil injected screw compressors by oil atomisation

This paper addresses the effect of oil atomisation in an oil-injected screw compressor. A test rig was built to assess the performance of different types of atomisers. Atomisers varying from fine atomisation to coarse atomisation were tested. Experiments on the test rig show that lowering the oil droplet diameter results in a considerably higher heat transfer. Growing oil flow rate, also gives a better cooling effectiveness. In parallel with the experiments, a thermodynamic model is developed by which the compression process can be calculated for every degree of revolution of the male-rotor. This way the influence of cooling oil temperature, cooling oil mass flow rate and injection point can be analysed. Having a better heat transfer effectiveness does not give a considerable gain in specific work. Lowering oil temperature gives better results, while changing the oil flow rate only gives small gains. Furthermore it is shown that cooling oil coming from the bearings has a negative influence on the performance. This paper shows that trying to reach isothermal compression through oil atomisation is not possible. The importance of the cooling effectiveness in the thermodynamic process is too small to have a significant influence.     

Co-integration of ICE Gas oil and Crude oil futures

In this paper, the relationship between Gas oil and Brent Crude oil futures prices is investigated. The analysis is based on daily price series for five different contract lengths traded on ICE Futures Europe. The price series and their first differences are tested for stationarity. Linear relationships between the pair-wise Gas oil and Crude oil contracts are then tested for co-integration. A co-integrated relationship is found for the 1 and 2 month contracts covering data from 1994 to 2009, and Error Correction Models are established to estimate the relationships. No co-integrated relationships are found for the 3, 6 and 12 month contracts covering the period 2002-2009, nor for the 1 and 2 month contracts for this period. The futures prices for this period are collected from a volatile market, including hurricane Katrina, the economic boom and the following financial crises which might explain these results. Thus, in such volatile periods the spread between Gas oil and Crude oil is likely to deviate, and it might take several years until it reverts to its equilibrium value. For energy traders and hedgers, this will imply that exposures to the crack spread should be treated with great care in such market environments.     

The paradox of oil reserve forecasts: The political implications of predicting oil reserves and oil consumption

In the light of the outstanding importance of hydrocarbons for global energy, the controversy over peak oil has become both pressing and emotionally charged. Two conflicting parties – alarmists and optimists – hold irreconcilable positions. The shaping of the future energy policy is presently based on modeling results and geological considerations only. We show that the existing predictions of the energy crisis are increasingly mixed-up with value-judgments. The value analysis of those forecasts allows us to suggest that at least part of the estimations are implicit reflections of predictors’ ends and values, and do not demonstrate a real ability to anticipate future conditions. Paradoxically, the question of oil reserves depletion is better understood when predictions are viewed as an instrument to impose the predictors’ values and intervene in the currently bustling oil market. The intervention in the oil prices may occur in either direction becoming a tool to justify values rather than an instrument for the acquisition of knowledge.     

Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock

Biodiesel has high potential as a new and renewable energy source in the future, as a substitution fuel for petroleum-derived diesel and can be used in existing diesel engine without modification. Currently, more than 95% of the world biodiesel is produced from edible oil which is easily available on large scale from the agricultural industry. However, continuous and large-scale production of biodiesel from edible oil without proper planning may cause negative impact to the world, such as depletion of food supply leading to economic imbalance. A possible solution to overcome this problem is to use non-edible oil or waste edible oil (WEO). In this context, the next question that comes in mind would be if the use of non-edible oil overcomes the short-comings of using edible oil. Apart from that, if WEO were to be used, is it sufficient to meet the demand of biodiesel. All these issues will be addressed in this paper by discussing the advantages and disadvantages of using edible oil vs. non-edible vs. WEO as feedstock for biodiesel production. The discussion will cover various aspects ranging from oil composition, oil yield, economics, cultivation requirements, land availability and also the resources availability. Finally, a proposed solution will be presented.     

网电钻机用传动箱供油系统的设计与改进

针对YOT750D型与YOT700型调速型偶合器减速箱供油润滑系统故障,从设计的角度出发,分析了机破的原因,提出改进措施,使设计方案更趋于合理,为传动箱的可靠性设计提供了更好的设计思路。     

世界石油供应风险对中国石油进口的影响

分析了当前中国石油供应的状况，指出了中国步入世界石油进口大国行列的必然趋势。阐明了世界石油供应市场存在的巨大风险，并引入风险分析方法和概率统计原理对当前世界石油供应市场的潜在风险对中国石油供应安全的影响程度进行了量化分析。