Identification and use of guidelines for the design of computer supported collaborative writing tools

As groupware and workflow technologies become widely accepted, it is important to identify and clarify best practice at all stages of the development of those systems. One approach to the promulgation of best practice is to develop clear and effective guidelines for application in system development.This paper is primarily concerned with the identification of guidelines to drive the design and implementation of one class of groupware — collaborative writing systems. In particular, consideration is given to guidelines for systems which support groups of distributed collaborating authors working asynchronously.Three relevant areas are investigated. First, social and integration issues of generic groupware are presented. Second, the design of existing collaborative writing tools is addressed. Third, models of both individual writers and collaborative writing tasks are discussed. Guidelines are drawn from each area.The guidelines have been adopted in the design of MILO, a collaborative writing system. MILO is briefly described and the way in which the guidelines have been implemented in MILO is reviewed. In conclusion, insights gained from informal observations of MILO in use for both single and multiple author tasks are presented.     

Direct talkback in computer supported tools for the conceptual stage of design

During the early stages of the design process, industrial designers are not working towards a clearly specified goal. They are exploring ranges of solutions, while at the same time adjusting and refining the definition of the design goals. In this phase, sketches and other visual material play a large role in supporting an internal dialogue in the designer. In this paper, we argue that this direct form of talkback is underemphasized in current computer-tools for the early stages of the design process.

We go on to show how direct talkback is implemented in a prototype of a designer's digital sketchbook, and share some of the results of using this prototype sketchbook for over a year in a designer's sketchbook. Finally, we discuss how some of the concepts, generated for the designer's digital sketchbook, can be generalised for broader applications.     

数字城市空间信息与服务集成交换平台系统分析与设计

本文从信息的本质出发,在语法、语义和语用三个层次上分析了空间信息的共享问题,并针对每个层次的具体情况,提出了相应的技术解决方法.在此分析基础之上,设计了空间信息与服务集成交换平台的统一技术框架,并根据这个技术框架,提出了相应的技术实现——CyberGISXP软件平台的基本结构.在“数字北京”工程实践中,实现了相应的原型系统,初步探索了实现数字城市空间信息与服务集成交换平台的技术路线.     

对我国图书情报专业学位教育若干问题的思考

图书情报教育是当前我国发展的一个重要关注点,图书情报行业的从业者和这一专业的学生以及高校的教育科研工作者都能够就此探讨关于该专业的教育问题。从20世纪80年代以来,我国的图书情报教育就处在变革之中,最主要的内容就是主干课程,至今发生的变化是这一专业教育的重要风向标,且发展至今有了很大的进步。对我国的图书情报专业学位教育的相关问题进行了学术性的思考。     

网络信息发现系统中Multiagent的研究与设计

随着因特网的快速发展 ,分布式应用开发越来越受到人们的重视。而现有的几种分布计算技术的不足已逐渐显露。本文介绍了 Multiagent技术及其发展 ,提出了一种以 Multiagent技术为基础 ,通过多个分布 Agent之间的协作共同完成网络信息发现的系统设计思想。     

医院信息科运维管理系统开发和应用的必要性

目前各级医院的信息系统应用覆盖面越来越广,信息系统有效提升了医院的工作效率、减少医疗差错、给患者提供便捷服务。由于信息系统自身具有软件、硬件、异构等特点,使得医院信息系统的复杂度日益提升,相关信息系统的软件、硬件、网络故障率比较高,使医院信息管理部门面临着巨大的压力。在这种背景下,针对信息系统中存在的需求、问题、事件处理等工作,建立一个有效的IT运维平台,进行统一的管理和运维,从而提升医院信息系统管理水平是非常有必要的。     

高校团委管理信息系统的设计与实现

从高校团学工作的现状入手,以校园网为支撑平台,提出了高校团委管理信息系统的架构,给出系统的模块设计和数据库,并分析了系统的特点。     

An FE analysis of the stresses in pultruded GRP single-bolt tension joints and their implications for joint design

FE (Finite Element) analysis is used to determine stresses on critical planes and around the hole edge in a two-dimensional model of a single-bolt tension joint in pultruded GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic) plate material. The analysis takes account of bolt-hole clearance and friction at the contact surfaces between the bolt shank and the hole. It is shown that even when the hole clearance is nominally zero (∼0.2 mm) critical stress distributions, normalized with respect to the far field stress, are not invariant but change as the tension increases. Friction between the bolt shank and the hole and the small hole clearance (∼0.2 mm) are the principal factors which cause the zone of contact (defined by the angle it subtends at the centre of the bolt) to increase with increasing tension, and produce significant changes in the stress distributions at critical locations. These observations cast doubt on the validity of the simplified method for joint design given in the EUROCOMP code [In: Clarke JL, editor. Structural design of polymer composites - EUROCOMP design code and handbook. London: E.&F.N. Spon; 1996], because the method relies on normalized critical stress distributions remaining unchanged as the tension applied to the joint increases.     

Day of the week lost time occupational injury trends in the US by gender and industry and their implications for work scheduling

While there is a growing body of research on the impact of work schedules on the risk of occupational injuries, there has been little investigation into the impact that the day of the week might have. The present research was completed to explore day of the week trends, reasons for such trends and the corresponding implications for work scheduling. Data for the number of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work (lost time; LT) in 2004 were provided by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Safety and Health Statistics. Data from the American Time Use Survey database were used to estimate work hours in 2004. From these two data sources, the rate of LT injuries and illnesses (per 200 000 work hours) by day of the week, industry sector and gender were estimated. The analysis revealed clear differences by day of the week, gender and major industry sector. Sundays had the highest rate overall – nearly 37% higher than the average of the remaining days, Monday to Saturday. Mondays had the next highest rate followed closely by Saturdays. This pattern was not the same for males and females. For males, Mondays had the highest LT rate (27% higher than the average of all other days) with all remaining days having essentially the same rate. For females, Sundays and Saturdays had much higher LT rates – 122% and 60% higher, respectively, than the average weekday rate. There were also differences by industry and differences between genders by industry. The present analysis suggests that several factors may be contributing to the weekend and Monday trends observed. Lower-tenured (and younger) workers on the weekends, lower female management/supervision and second jobs on the weekend seem to be contributors to the high Saturday and Sunday LT rates. Differences in day of the week employment by industry did not account for the trends observed. Fraud and overtime also could not be confirmed as contributing to these trends. Monday trends were more complex to explain, with possible explanations including non-work-related weekend injuries being reported on Mondays, soft-tissue symptoms becoming more noticeable on Mondays, greater Monday morning flexion risk and reduced supervision in the construction industry on Mondays. Interpretation of these trends and the implications for work scheduling are discussed.     

疾病预防控制中心档案管理中信息技术的运用价值

在信息时代,网络技术进入人们的视野,并在各个行业发展中发挥突出的作用。疾病预防控制中心档案管理工作涉及多方面的内容,比如卫生管理、卫生监测、疾病规划和防控等,在这一过程中合理应用先进的信息化手段可提升档案管理工作质量。为此,疾病预防控制中心要认识到运用信息技术的重要意义,制订完善的运用措施。     

Soft computing agents for e-Health in application to the research and control of unknown diseases

This paper presents an ontology-based holonic diagnostic system (OHDS) that combines the holonic paradigm with multi-agent system technology and ontology design, for the organization of unstructured biomedical research into structured disease information. We use ontologies as ‘brain’ for the holonic diagnostic system to enhance its ability to structure information in a meaningful way and share information fast. To integrate distributed heterogeneous knowledge available on the Web we use intelligent agents augmented by the mechanisms of the technology of fuzzy sets, which automatically structures the information in the adequate ontology template. Our vision of how this system implementation should be supported by a solid security shield that ensures the privacy and safety of medical information concludes the paper.