口虾蛄染色体核型分析及DNA含量

为了解口虾蛄Oratosquilla oratoria核型组成及DNA含量,以野生口虾蛄为材料,采用秋水仙素内注射法,取其肝胰腺组织经低渗和固定后,获得染色体标本,并对其染色体核型进行了分析,以鸡血细胞DNA为标准,采用流式细胞仪测定口虾蛄不同组织的DNA含量。结果表明:口虾蛄二倍体染色体数目为88,即2n=88,核型组成公式为2n=62m+12sm+14t,染色体总臂数(NF)为162;口虾蛄不同组织的DNA含量有显著性差异(P<0.05),各组织DNA含量从大到小依次为肌肉>精巢>卵巢>肝胰腺>血液,肌肉组织含量最高,为10.43 pg/2c,血液含量最低,为8.70 pg/2c,各组织DNA含量平均为9.61 pg/2c;以1 pg=978 Mbp计算,首次成功估算了口虾蛄基因组大小约为9398.58 Mbp。本研究结果可为口虾蛄种质资源保护及未来人工养殖研究提供基础资料。     

玛丽鱼染色体核型及Ag-NORs研究

为获得玛丽鱼Poecilia latipinna细胞遗传学数据,以玛丽鱼的鳃丝和鳍条为试验材料,采用秋水仙素浸泡、低渗处理和热滴片法制备染色体标本,分析其染色体的核型和银染(Ag-NORs)。结果表明:玛丽鱼具有23对染色体,核型2n=46t,NF=46;Ag-NORs出现在t2和t9的染色体末端,其数目具有多态性,未发现性染色体。本研究结果可为研究玛丽鱼的遗传方式提供基础资料。     

怀头鲇的核型分析

根据对100个中期分裂相染色体的计数结果,确定怀头鲇Silurus soldatovi的2倍染色体数为2n=58。由所测得的核型参数和Levan等提出的染色体划分标准得出:中部着丝点染色体(m)为12对;亚中部着丝点染色体(sm)为8对;端部着丝点染色体(t)为2对;亚端部着丝点染色体(st)为7对。染色体总臂数(NF)为98,怀头鲇的核型公式为2n=58=24m+16 sm+14 st+4 t。     

为时代立传——谈印象中的《马强壮精神自传》

朱山坡的《马强壮精神自传》以一个精神病人作为书写对象,以底层人物尤其是以一个疯癫的人的视角所展开的世界,自由无忌地描写众生百态,亦虚亦实,亦真亦幻,这样的小说基本构架便于作家极尽嘲讽、嬉笑怒骂之能事,更抵近当下人们生活所能承受的物质与精神的极限,更残酷更冷漠,也更为真实,更具有震撼性的力量。     

湘西北土家族开喉箭的基源调查

在全国第四次中药资源普查中,我们采用实地调查和走访相结合的方法,对湘西北石门县中药资源进行了调查。发现湘西北土家药材开喉箭的基源植物有三种,即紫金牛科朱砂根、百两金和红凉伞。     

132例女性不孕患者细胞遗传学分析

目的:探讨女性不孕不育与染色体核型异常之间的关系。方法:对132例确诊为不孕的女性患者进行外周血淋巴细胞培养,G显带进行核型分析。结果:女性不孕症患者中共检出染色体异常核型10例,异常率为7.57%。在所有异常核型中,特纳综合征的发生率最高,共4例,占异常核型的40.0%。结论:染色体异常可导致不孕不育,对女性不孕患者做染色体检查能够为诊断和治疗提供重要依据。     

论逻辑断路虚箭线的设立方法定式

在分析论证应用“断路法”工序逻辑关系假定前提的基础上 ,提出了双代号网络图中逻辑断路虚箭线的两种程式化设立方法并将归纳为适应不同工序逻辑关系绘图表达问题需要的方法定义 ,应用之 ,可迅速而简捷地完成对工序逻辑关系的准确绘图表达     

分析乌骨鸡住白细胞虫病的诊治

禽住白细胞虫病即为民间所称的“白冠病”,是由住白虫属原虫所引发的禽类疾病,我国目前已发现沙氏住白细胞虫及卡氏住白细胞虫两种住白细胞原虫病。该病会经由吸血昆虫传播,寄生在禽类白细胞、红细胞以及内脏器官细胞中,可引起消瘦、咯血甚至死亡。多见于家禽,珍禽类此病较为少见,但近年来如孔雀、乌骨鸡等珍禽感染住白细胞虫病的情况偶有发生。以下本文对乌骨鸡住白细胞虫并的诊治及防治措施展开分析,希望能为乌骨鸡养殖户及相关卫生工作者提供些许参考作用。     

论工程网络图中多余虚箭线的判定及去除方法

在深入分析双代号网络中虚箭线生成过程的基础上,提出了针对不同具体问题类型判断及去除网络图中多余虚箭线的方法,其意义是有助于工程网络计划编制人员迅速识别并有效去除网络图中的多余虚箭线。     

Analysis of chromosome abnormalities in the Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) affected by arsenic contamination near a gold mine area

ABSTRACT

The paper reports a study of chromosome abnormalities (CA/s) in the Monopterus albus near a gold mine area compared to a non-affected area. The arsenic (As) concentrations were determined in the water, sediment and M. albus muscles. The average concentrations of As in the water and sediment samples near the gold mine were higher than allowable by Thailand’s water quality standards. The average concentrations of As in the M. albus samples were lower than the standards. The diploid chromosome number of M. albus in both areas was 2n = 24. The percentage of CA of M. albus in the gold mine area was higher than in the non-affected area. Seven types of CA were single chromatid gap (SCG), fragmentation (F), sister chromatid gap, single chromatid breaks, deletion, sister chromatid fragmentation and centric fusion. In the affected area, the most common CAs in the samples were SCG and F. The specific CA in M. albus samples was SCG on chromosome pair 1. It can be concluded that As contamination caused structural CA, but did not affect the diploid chromosome number in the Asian swamp eel from the gold mine area. The accumulation of As in M. albus has potential effects on human health in consumers of M. albus from this contaminated area.     

氧化鱼油对鲤肝胰脏抗氧化机能及其组织结构的影响

在半纯化饲料中添加质量分数为 3%的新鲜鱼油 (过氧化物值POV为 0 64mmol/kg) 和POV分别为 2 9 64、 59 40和 94 69mmol/kg (以O2 计 )的氧化鱼油 ,投喂1 0 0 g左右 2龄鲤 (Cyprinuscarpio)鱼种 1 5周 ,结果表明 :鲤摄食氧化鱼油后 ,肝胰脏维生素E含量下降 (P <0 0 5) ,抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活性减弱 (P >0 0 5) ,微粒体氧化稳定性降低 (P <0 0 5) ,鱼油氧化程度升高 ,上述变化加强 ;肝胰脏脂肪含量增加 (P >0 0 5) ;肾脏和脾脏增生 (P >0 0 5) ;肝胰脏肝细胞纤维化、线粒体嵴降解和融合。上述系列变化表明氧化鱼油可以破坏鲤肝胰脏抗氧化机能及其正常的组织结构。     

Reference values for chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes as indicators of genotoxic effects.

Increased chromosome aberrations (CA) in human cultured lymphocytes are an accepted indicator of early biological effects of exposure to genotoxic agents, which has also been investigated, with conflicting results, in several groups of subjects occupationally exposed to metals known or suspected to be carcinogenic. One of the problems with this indicator is the lack of universally accepted reference values. Difficulty in establishing absolute reference values for CA depends on individual variability in the reference groups (due to several environmental and genetic confounding factors) and on methodological variants at the different stages of the test (culture methods, scoring, classification and reporting of CA). Therefore, at present, CA studies in exposed groups should include proper 'control' groups, matched for the known confounders, investigated in the same laboratory, with the same methods in order to minimize factors of variation. The results of the studies should be statistically compared and evaluated mainly on a group basis.     

多重连接依赖的探针扩增方法对原发性智力低下患儿进行亚端粒重排分析

目的 了解原发性智力低下伴单发或多发畸形患儿中染色体亚端粒重排的发生率,寻找智力低下的致病原因.方法 180例符合本组入选标准的原发性智力低下患儿,抽取外周血,乙二胺四乙酸钠(EDTA)抗凝.提取基因组DNA并进行纯化.用多重连接依赖的探针扩增(MLPA)方法的试剂盒P036B/C和P070进行检测,对使用2个试剂盒均存在相同异常的样本,再选用针对异常区域特异性的试剂盒P096、P064和P023鉴定或判断发生异常片段的大小.MLPA主要实验步骤包括:DNA变性、分子杂交、连接反应和特异PCR扩增,扩增的PCR产物用ABI 3100测序仪进行基因型分析,最终所得数据用GeneMarker软件进行分析.结果 在180例原发性智力低下患儿中发现13例存在染色体亚端粒重排(7%):其中12例为致病性,均为新生突变;1例2号染色体长臂末端缺失(2qdel)来源于表型正常的父亲.结论 亚端粒重排是原发性智力低下伴单发或多发畸形的致病原因.     

基于二维染色体编码的集装箱海运网络免疫算法优化模型

集装箱船舶大型化趋势的日益显著,为船公司和港口运营商带来巨大规模经济效益。要实现这种规模经济,必须合理选择集装箱船舶运营航线及船型尺度,优化整个运输网络。针对区域性集装箱港口群的网络径流优化问题,引入基于二维染色体编码的免疫算法。二维染色体编码能够准确描述集装箱海运网络的结构特点,简化网络建模过程,从而保证基于二维染色体编码的免疫算法对集装箱海运网络优化问题具有良好的适应性。算法通过模拟免疫系统的功能构建优化模型,避免经典算法组合寻优过程中难以克服的组合爆炸问题,从而快速、有效地使运输网络总成本收敛到最小,为集装箱港口的运营管理,特别是航线和船型选择提供充实的理论依据。试验结果同时表明,大型集装箱船舶比小型船舶更具有成本优势,规模经济效益促使集装箱船型尺度进一步增大。     

The influence of climatic changes on chromosome inversion polymorphism in a population of malarial mosquito Anopheles messeae (CULICIDAE) in Tomsk

In 2013, the karyotypic structure of the population of malarial mosquito Anopheles messeae in the village of Kolarovo, Tomsk Region, was studied. A level of polymorphism close to the values of the last 20?years has been noted in the studied population. A decrease in autosome heterozygosis and rise of XL₀, 2R_0, 3R₀ and 3L₀ chromosomal variant frequencies has been shown. The results have been compared with the data obtained earlier. During 40?years of monitoring, a significant transformation of frequency characteristics of A. messeae inversion polymorphism has been detected, which occurred gradually. During the period from 1974 to 1979, the frequency stability of the concentration of chromosomal inversion has remained stable in the population of Tomsk Region (Kolarovo village), which is typical for the centre of the specific range. Furthermore, during the period until 1992, there was a serious frequency restructuring in favour of inversions that was specific to the south-western part of the range. In the period from 1993 to 2013, this restructuring has been constantly reproducing from one year to the next. Such a tendency correlates well with climate warming.     

因素分析法在材料费分析中的应用

材料费是建设工程项目成本构成的重要组成部分,对房屋建筑工程项目的总成本有着重大影响,文中分别采用连环替代法和指数因素法对某安居工程的钢筋和混凝土成本的影响因素进行分析,以配合工程建设项目成本控制总目标的实现。     

潜电路分析技术在电梯电气故障分析中的应用

主要介绍了潜电路分析（SCA）的有关概念和技术,以及在电梯电气故障分析中的应用．把故障模式影响分析（FMEA）和潜电路分析相结合．对电梯安全回路进行可靠性综合分析的应用。提出了电梯潜电路分析技术规范化应用的必要性和计算机辅助软件开发和应用的迫切性。     

寄啸山庄西化现象之解析

寄啸山庄是晚清扬州园林的代表作,园中住宅等处大量的西化现象是其重要特点。虽然与圆明园西洋楼一样都受到外来文化的影响,但寄啸山庄是西方文化强势进入中国时期的产物。寄啸山庄中"中体西用"的造园探索不仅是一个成功的个案,也为我们今日的造园提供了新思路。     

中国生态旅游浅析

从生态旅游的概念关系出发,从开展生态旅游适宜的区域、中国生态旅游产业的结构、企业规划和质量控制等方面对中国生态旅游的现状、目标及发展趋势进行了分析,以使中国生态旅游业健康快速的发展。