H13热作模具钢的热处理

测定了Ｈ１３钢的临界点和退火用ＴＴＴ曲线,研究了热处理工艺对Ｈ１３组织和性能的影响,试验结果表明,Ｈ１３钢在８４０￣８６０℃退火,软化效果最好,在１０２０￣１０４０℃加热淬火,５８０￣６００℃回火,可满足热作模具钢的硬度要求。     

转炉冶炼热作模具钢H13的生产实践

H13(4Cr5MoSiV1)钢是一种应用广泛的热作模具钢,是制造热锻模、热挤压模和压铸模的主要材料.H13钢通常由特殊钢厂采用电炉冶炼、电渣重熔和锻压工艺生产,质量较为稳定.但该制造工艺复杂、生产周期长、成本高、产量低.介绍了通过大型转炉冶炼和初轧轧制流程开发H13的新工艺,解决了生产过程中存在的一些质量问题,并对H13的实物质量水平进行了评估,各项性能指标接近国外先进水平.     

热作模具钢H13生产工艺实践

H13是一种具有良好的性价比及工艺性能的热作磨具钢,目前在国内外得到广泛应用,该钢种热裂纹敏感性强,对纯净度、内部质量等指标要求严格.韶钢根据热作模具钢H13的成分、产品特性及自身生产工艺装备,设计了"转炉—LF精炼—RH真空处理—大方坯连铸—入坑缓冷—轧制—检验、入库"生产工艺流程,通过转炉双渣操作、出钢渣洗预脱氧、LF高碱度渣精炼、RH长时间高真空脱气、连铸弱冷等工艺措施,成功开发出各项性能均能满足客户要求的H13圆钢产品.     

H13热作模具钢的应用

H13(4Cr5MoSiV1)热作模具钢是首钢特殊钢公司根据美国标准钢号H13开发的一种使用温度在600℃以下的中碳中铬热作模具钢。H13既具有3Cr2W8V钢的高温性能,又具有5CrMnMo钢高韧性的特点,也具有一般热作模具钢要求的较高的热硬性、热强性、抗回火稳定性、耐磨性、抗冷热疲劳性等。现已在锤锻模、挤压模、压铸模、模锻模等     

技术研发中心成功开发出H13热作模具钢

H13热作模具钢为美国牌号，主要用于制作较高温度下的模具材料，具有优良的综合力学性能，良好的抗热疲劳性能、热稳定性、抗氧化和耐液态金属冲蚀性能，以及良好的淬透性，是制造热作模的首选材料。国内模具钢主要生产厂家为长城特钢、辽特集团、上钢五厂，这三家钢厂的热作模具钢产量占到全国热作模具钢产量的50％。H13模具钢自今年以来，市场价格大幅上扬，为进一步拓宽莱钢产品市场，     

H13热作模具钢大尺寸析出相特征及生成机制

正AISI H13作为一种强韧兼备的热作模具钢,广泛用于热锻压模、热挤压模和铝合金压铸模,本身需要具备优良的高温强度及韧性。H13钢合金元素质量分数较高,尤其是碳化物形成元素钼、钒、铬,凝固过程中合金元素的偏析会导致大尺寸碳化物或碳氮     

转炉连铸生产热作模具钢H13的工艺实践

介绍了鞍钢开发的热作模具钢H13的工艺流程,包括采用转炉双联冶炼、大罐合金烘烤、LF高碱度精炼渣、连铸弱二冷水控制等工艺措施。实践表明,H13钢转炉连铸连轧生产工艺可行,其成分、纯净度和低倍组织均达到了用户及NADCA#207-2003标准要求。     

H13热作模具钢圆铸坯的水平连铸工艺

随着我国模具工业的快速发展 ,模具钢产量增长极快 ;新型热作模具钢Ｈ1 3以高质量、高性能的特点得到大力推广开发[1] 。本文叙述了北满特殊钢公司双流水平连铸机连铸Φ1 5 0Ｈ1 3模具钢电渣母材的主要工艺参数和铸坯质量。1　技术条件和工艺流程Ｈ1 3钢是近 1 0余年应用最广、综合性能最好的中合金铬系热作模具钢[2 ] ,化学成分见表 1。表 1　热作模具钢Ｈ13的化学成分 %Ｔａｂｌｅ 1　Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｏｔｗｏｒｋｉｎｇｄｉｅｓｔｅｅｌ %ＣＳｉＭｎＰ ,ＳＣｒＭｏＶＣｕ0 .34～0 .450 .80～1.2 00 .2 5～…     

H13热作模具钢的表面热处理

H13(4Cr5MoSiV1)钢成分 (% )为 0 32～ 0 4 5C ,0 80～ 1 2Si,0 2 0～ 0 5 0Mn ,4 75～ 5 5 0Cr,1 10～1 75Mo ,0 80～ 1 2 0V是目前广泛用于热挤压模和压铸模的热作模具钢 ,工作温度达 6 0 0℃。介绍了离子渗氮、N C共渗、N C V共渗、O S N共渗、S N C共渗、多元共渗等提高H13钢抗热疲劳、耐热磨损和耐蚀性能的表面低温化学热处理工艺 ,以及激光表面处理、高能束表面合金化、离子注入表面改性处理等高能束流表面处理及其最新进展。     

H13热作模具钢在630轧机上的生产

本文针对H13热作模具钢的成分及性能要求，研究并制定出具体合理的工艺路线和工艺参数，通过对控温轧制及轧后控冷的全线跟踪，取得了良好效果，为今后批量生产提供了依据。同时，可大大降低H13制造成本，增强该品种市场竞争力。     

Microstructure and wear behaviour of pulsed plasma nitrided AISI H13 tool steel

Recent years have witnessed an increasing usage of tool steels for industrial high strength applications. Plasma nitriding (PN) has been a flexible case hardening process compared with any other case hardening technologies. Literature has been found to be less secured in correlating generation and phase transformation of nitride phases with temperature and PN time and consequently their effect on different properties. In the present study, PN was applied with the aim to improve surface and near-surface property for three different PN time durations (6, 12 and 24?h). Surface properties of the plasma nitrided steel were evaluated by measuring hardness, roughness and wear resistance. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was used to reveal the microstructure and measure different layers after PN. X-ray diffraction enables identification of different phases along with its co-relation with different properties. PN with 6?h has been found superior based on wear resistant (0.0004?mg for 6?h compared to 12 and 24?h respectively 0.0005 and 0.0007?mg) & hardness (1107.66 HV for 6?h compared to 12 and 24?h respectively 1061.66 and 869.66 HV). Although microstructure revealed minimum case depth (minimum 107?µm for 6?h and maximum 220?µm for 24?h) and compound layer (6, 12 and 24?h are respectively 4, 6.5 and 11?µm), presence of unsaturated ?-Fe₃N phase play an important role in governing the final property.     

Nb-H13钢中一次碳化物的析出机理和控制

为了得出铌微合金化H13钢中合适的铌元素添加量,以H13钢中的一次碳化物为研究对象,通过实验室冶炼不同铌元素质量分数的H13钢,系统地研究了Nb-H13钢中一次碳化物的析出机理和合适的Nb添加量。结果表明,当H13钢中铌的质量分数小于0.03%时,Nb-H13钢中的一次碳化物主要为富钒相;当H13钢中铌的质量分数达到0.05%时,Nb-H13钢中的一次碳化物主要为富钒相和富铌相。铌微合金化H13钢中铌元素的添加量应小于0.03%。铌质量分数的高低会显著影响FCC相中碳化物的析出顺序,随着铌质量分数的增加,碳化物的析出顺序由首先析出富钒相转变为首先析出富铌相,且富铌相的热稳定性要远高于富钒相。理论计算结果与试验观察结果基本一致,工业试验结果同样论证了本研究的结论。     

H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制

 通过对保护气氛电渣重熔工艺和普通电渣重熔工艺H13钢的锻材成分、氧化物夹杂的组成分析,研究了电渣重熔工艺H13钢中Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的形成机理及控制问题,并通过Factsage软件对Mg-Al-O系夹杂物的各优势区进行了理论计算。结果表明,保护气氛电渣重熔工艺中氧质量分数较低,仅为0.001 5%,氧化物夹杂主要是MgO·Al2O3,1～3 μm的小尺寸占比达到了62.5%;普通电渣重熔工艺中氧质量分数较高,达到了0.002 4%,Mg-Al-O系夹杂物以72.5%Al2O3＋27.5%MgO·Al2O3为主,含有4%的5～8 μm大尺寸夹杂物,1～3 μm小尺寸占比仅为37.8%,尺寸偏大。钢液中镁、氧质量分数的变化对MgO·Al2O3的优势区域影响较大,高镁、低氧有利于MgO·Al2O3生成,减小H13钢中氧化物夹杂尺寸。但MgO·Al2O3会作为大尺寸碳氮化物(Ti,Nb,V)(C,N)异质形核核心,后期对此问题还要做进一步研究。     

国内外电渣重熔H13钢中夹杂物的对比

为了找出国产电渣重熔H13钢在夹杂物控制方面存在的不足,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和夹杂物自动分析系统(INCA Steel)对国内外不同产地的电渣重熔H13钢进行对比研究,重点分析了国内外H13钢在杂质元素和夹杂物控制水平上的差距。结果表明,在试验样品中,国产H13钢中硫和TO的质量分数均高于国外,其中硫质量分数高0.001 2%～0.002 0%,TO质量分数高0.000 6%～0.000 8%。所有试样中主要夹杂物均为Al2O3、MgO·Al2O3、CaO·Al2O3和CaO·MgO·Al2O3。国产H13钢与国外相比,尺寸大于5 μm的夹杂物数量较多,小于2 μm的夹杂物数量较少,夹杂物尺寸波动范围总体更大;国外H13钢夹杂物成分波动范围较窄,尺寸均匀,夹杂物形状接近球形的比例高。     

18Mn18Cr高氮钢析出相特征及形成机制

通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针显微分析、透射电镜及热力学计算软件研究C和N含量对铸态及时效态18Mn18Cr高氮钢析出相特征及形成机制的影响.研究发现在铸态,随C/N质量比降低,析出相依次为Cr₂₃C₆相、σ相和Cr₂N相.增加C或N含量可分别促进Cr₂₃C₆相和Cr₂N相析出.C和N含量影响实验钢凝固模式及不稳定铁素体相共析分解产物.18Mn18Cr0.44N钢凝固模式为AF模式,不稳定铁素体相共析分解反应为δ→σ+γ₂（0.025% C）和δ→γ₂+Cr₂₃（C_xN_y）₆（x/y>1）（0.16% C）;18Mn18Cr0.72N钢凝固模式为A模式,晶界处存在少量颗粒状Cr₂N相.在固溶时效态,实验钢仅析出片层状的Cr₂N_0.39C_0.61相.随C+N含量增加,片层状析出相体积分数和片层间隙增加,析出孕育时间减少.     

表面纳米化AISI H13钢的渗铬处理及其耐磨性

对表面纳米化（SNC）处理后的热作模具钢AISI H13钢进行渗铬处理,用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机研究了渗铬层成分、微观结构、硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,经600及1 050℃的复合渗铬处理后,SNC样品表面形成了厚约30μm的连续渗层,是经相同复合渗铬处理的粗晶样品上渗层厚度的3倍。受益于渗铬层中较小的晶粒尺寸和较高的硬度,加之其成分、结构和力学性能在较大深度范围内较为平缓的梯度变化,SNC H13钢经渗铬处理后耐磨性得到显著提高。     

Effect of artificial tribological layer on sliding wear behavior of H13 steel

An artificial tribological layer was formed on the worn surface during sliding, through supplying MoS2 , Fe2 O 3 or their equiponderant mixtures onto the sliding interface of H13/GCr15 steels.The effect of this tribological layer on the wear behavior of H13 steel was studied.The worn surfaces and subsurfaces of H13 steel were thoroughly characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS); the wear mechanisms were explored.The research results demonstrated that tribological layer did not exist during sliding of H13 steel with no additive, but it formed with the addition of MoS2 , Fe2 O 3 or their equiponderant mix-tures.When there was no tribological layer, the wear rate rapidly increased with an increase of the load.In this case, adhesive and abrasive wear prevailed.As the additives were supplied, the artificial tribological layer was observed to be immediately formed and stably existed on worn surfaces.This tribological layer presented an obvious protective function from wear and friction.Hence, the wear rate and friction coefficient were significantly decreased.MoS2 as tribological layer seemed to present more obvious protective function than Fe2 O 3 .By supplying their mixture, the artificial tribological layer possessed not only the load-carrying capacity of Fe2 O 3 , but also the lubricative capacity of MoS2 .These two simultaneous capacities could improve the friction and wear properties of H13 steel further.     

Effect of trace magnesium on carbide improvement in H13 steel

In the present work, the carbides and inclusions in H13 steel with different magnesium contents were investigated with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and were calculated by the ThermoCalc and FactSage softwares, respectively. The growth of the MgAl₂O₄ spinel and Al₂O₃ at 1500°C in molten H13 was analysed by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The disregistries between the carbides and other phases were computed. The results are as follows. The primary carbides formed in H13 ingots were M(CN) and M₆C, which existed in the segregation areas only. The MgAl₂O₄ particles, acting as more effective heterogeneous nuclei and providing more nucleation sites than Al₂O₃ particles, induced the formation of more developed austenite dendrites, and a greater number, smaller size and more uniform distribution of primary carbides, which finally relieved carbide segregation.     

H13钢碳化物析出型渗碳(CDC)处理

对H13钢的CDC处理进行了研究，用金相显微镜及扫描电子显微镜分析了渗碳层的组织形貌，用X射线衍射分析了碳化物的组成。确定了H13钢在950℃ CDC处理的最佳碳势为ω[C]＝1.2%；可获得经水淬后的淬层组织为马氏体基体上弥散分布的碳化物，主要碳化物是颗粒平均尺寸为250nm的Cr7C3，渗层厚度达到550μm，最高硬度达到1250Hm。与氮化处理的H13钢模具做了耐磨性比较，其耐磨性能优于氮化处理。     

深冲搪瓷钢DC03EK析出物及其抗鳞爆性能分析

对DC03EK深冲用冷轧搪瓷钢铸坯、热轧基料进行析出物检测,对其冷轧成品卷进行析出物、抗鳞爆敏感性TH值、成形极限FLD测试。结果表明,DC03EK深冲用冷轧搪瓷钢材料中存在弥散分布的Ti(C,N)、TiN、TiC、TiS、Ti4C2S2和极少量的MnS等析出物,铸坯中析出物颗粒较大,经热轧轧制较大颗粒析出物变小,经冷轧轧制及罩式退火后,析出物变得细小并弥散分布,使得DC03EK具有高的抗鳞爆敏感性TH值,同时又具有良好的成形性。