改性炭对磺胺甲噁唑的吸附及解吸特性

采用商品活性炭和金属氧化物改性炭作为吸附剂,研究了几种活性炭对磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)的吸附及解吸特性。结果表明:SMZ在几种活性炭上的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程;SMZ的吸附均可采用Freundlich、Langmuir和Langmuir-Freundlich模型进行拟合,Langmuir-Freundlich吸附模型能更好地描述活性炭和改性炭对SMZ的吸附行为;铁、锰氧化物的存在对活性炭的比表面或者孔结构影响不大,并且其对活性炭吸附水中SMZ的性能影响甚微;与AC-Fe和AC-Mn相比,AC-0上吸附的SMZ更易解吸,改性炭负载的金属氧化物与SMZ的表面络合作用增强了AC-Fe和AC-Mn对SMZ的化学吸附,并且改性炭的MnOx和FeOx能氧化降解部分SMZ。     

没食子酸对恩诺沙星在鲤体内的药代动力学及残留的影响研究

为研究没食子酸与恩诺沙星联合用药及单用恩诺沙星在福瑞鲤Cyprinus carpio体内的药代动力学参数及其残留消除规律,采用平行对照试验,将体质量为(200±30)g的鲤随机分为单用恩诺沙星组(对照)和联合用药组(没食子酸与恩诺沙星质量比为10:1),试验水温为26℃,各组均按2 mg/kg(体质量)剂量的恩诺沙星单次混饲口灌给药,于给药后不同时间点采集鲤血浆、肌肉、肝胰脏、肾脏组织,采用高效液相色谱法测定各组织中恩诺沙星的浓度,并使用DAS 3.0药物代谢动力学软件的非房室模型统计矩方法分析药时数据。结果表明,没食子酸能显著增大鲤各组织对恩诺沙星的吸收效率,提高有效药物浓度20.0%~44.9%,并加快了恩诺沙星的代谢和消除,240 h时联合用药组鲤血浆、肌肉组织中药物残留量比对照组分别降低了44.2%和34.1%。     

莪术油纳米脂质载体在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的比较莪术油纳米脂质载体(ZTO-NLC)和莪术油注射液(ZTO-Inj)在大鼠体内的药动学行为。方法以市售ZTO-Inj为对照,大鼠尾静脉注射给药,采用RP-HPLC法测定大鼠体内血浆中药物质量浓度,并进行数据处理和分析。结果大鼠单剂量注射ZTO-NLC与ZTO-Inj后,ZTO-NLC改变了ZTO在大鼠体内的药时曲线和血药浓度,ZTO-NLC组的t1/2和MRT与其注射液组相比分别增加了3.48和3.52倍,AUC增加了1.84倍。结论 ZTO-NLC与ZTO-Inj药动学行为具有显著差异。     

复方血栓通片中人参皂苷Rb1与Rg1在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的考察大鼠灌胃口服复方血栓通片后人参皂苷Rb1与Rg1在大鼠体内的药代动力学特征。方法通过建立测定血浆中人参皂苷Rg1与Rb1的液质联用色谱法（LC—MS）,测定8只大鼠灌胃给1200mg·kg^-1的复方血栓通片后的血药浓度,通过DAS软件进行药代动力学统计分析。结果大鼠灌胃给1200mg·kg^-1的复方血栓通片后,血浆中人参皂苷Rb1与Rg1达峰时间均快,分别为1．02h与1．05h;与人参皂苷Rb1相比,人参皂苷Rg1原形在胃肠吸收较差,生物利用度低;人参皂苷Rb1半衰期长[（16．45±3．17）h]而人参皂苷Rg1半衰期短[（4．33±1．34）h]。结论复方血栓通片中人参皂苷Rb1与Rg1的药代动力学研究对含该组分的新药研发和制剂研究等有一定的意义。     

Xenobiotic and endobiotic induction of mixed function monooxygenase in carp Cyprinus carpio

3-Methylcholanthrene (3-MC) significantly induces aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) activity in mature and juvenile Cyprinus carpio of both sexes. The degree of induction of AHH by 3-MC in mature fish is significantly lower than that in juveniles and induction in mature males is significantly higher than in mature females. Pretreatment with sex steroids (testosterone in males and estradiol in females) significantly reduces 3-MC-inducibility of AHH in both mature and juvenile fish, while gonadectomy in mature fish elevates AHH inducibility. AHH induction is slightly decreased by hydrocortisone and increased by metyrapone pretreatment in mature fish only. Gonadectomy further elevates metyrapone affected 3-MC inducibility of AHH in C. carpio.     

南盘江盆地茅口组生物礁碳酸盐岩成岩特征

生物礁油气藏是油气勘探的一个重要目标,其储集性能的好坏是控制它能否成藏的关键。中二叠世南盘江盆地发育以海绵类为主要骨架的生物礁,其经历了海底潜流、淡水、埋藏、表生等成岩环境,最后抬升出露地表遭受侵蚀。所发生的成岩作用主要有:胶结、溶蚀、白云化、硅化以及压实、压溶作用。在前两种环境中,主要是胶结作用,伴随溶蚀,这一阶段储层孔隙性遭到了一定程度的破坏;浅埋藏阶段的胶结最终填满孔隙;而中-深埋藏环境下的有机流体充注溶蚀以及相应发生的白云岩化作用有效改造了储层的孔隙性,该区处于埋藏条件下的台缘生物礁是有利的油气勘探目标。     

池塘养殖锦鲤体表溃疡病的组织病理学观察

为临床诊断和防治锦鲤Cyprinus carpio koi皮肤溃疡病,采用病理解剖方法对患病锦鲤进行临床观察和组织病理学分析,试验用患病锦鲤取自上海市朝阳锦鲤养殖场发病池塘,确定病鱼10尾(编号1~10),取每条病鱼的组织进行病理解剖、石蜡切片、H-E染色。结果表明:患病锦鲤体表溃疡病处的病灶组织出现严重淤血、炎性细胞浸润并聚集、肌束溶解和坏死等典型病理表现;体表溃疡病是由致病菌局部感染所致,并未全身性感染,10尾病料的脾组织均表现出血管扩张、管壁增厚、血管周围的实质组织凝固变性,伴有红细胞坏死和凝固变性区域内部分组织坏死等较为一致的病理特征,可以诊断为血液中有毒物质引起的脾组织病变,导致脾功能低下;肝胰组织和肾组织较脾组织病变相对较轻;肠、心、鳃、头肾组织等基本正常。研究表明,本病例全部样品均有不同程度的脾凝固变性、肝组织淤血、肾组织间质充血及其组织中血管扩张、管壁增厚的病理变化,这与体表溃疡病变无直接关联。     

饲料中不同添加剂组合对锦鲤生长和体色的影响

为研究饲料中不同添加剂组合对锦鲤Cyprinus carpio(初始体质量为195.88 g±0.98 g)生长和体色的影响,并与日本优质锦鲤商品饲料进行增重和增色效果对比,进行了增重和增色两部分试验,其中增重部分以三色锦鲤为研究对象,探讨了试验增重饲料与商品增重饲料对其生长的影响,增色部分以红白锦鲤为研究对象,探讨了试验对比饲料、试验增色饲料和商品增色饲料对其体色的影响,各组均设3个重复,试验周期为60 d,每隔15 d测定锦鲤的生长和体色指标。结果表明:添加L-肉碱、血球蛋白粉、螺旋藻和枯草芽孢杆菌的试验饲料对三色锦鲤的促生长效果与商品增色料无显著性差异(P>0.05),但试验饲料具有更低的饲料系数;添加虾青素、螺旋藻和枯草芽孢杆菌的试验饲料对红白锦鲤体色的增艳效果与商品增色料无显著性差异(P>0.05);投喂两种试验增色料和商品增色料的锦鲤体表各部位对色素的沉积程度相似。研究表明,采用不同添加剂组合的两种试验饲料与日本优质锦鲤饲料的功效水平相当,能够分别满足对锦鲤快速增重和增色的要求。     

山西省红色旅游经典景区客流量互动影响——基于ARDL模型的实证分析

分析景区客流量之间的互动影响关系，有助于景区发展。以山西四个红色旅游经典景区麻田八路军总部纪念馆、八路军太行纪念馆、太原解放纪念馆、山西昔阳县大寨景区的客流量为研究对象，构建ARDL模型，分析四个景区之间客流量互动影响关系。结果显示：4个景区客流量之间存在互动影响关系，但影响大小和方向不同；一个景区的当期客流量不仅受自身滞后期客流量的影响，还会受其他景区当期和滞后期客流量的影响。     

Comparative study of the estrogenic responses of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to treated municipal sewage effluent (Lisbon) during two periods in different seasons

To assess the estrogenic potency of the treated domestic sewage effluent from a sewage treatment plant (STP) located in Lisbon (Chelas), 60 mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to different concentrations of the sewage effluent (0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) for two periods of 28 days in two different seasons (winter/spring). Vitellogenin induction in males was used as a biomarker of exposure to xenoestrogens. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for vitellogenin analysis and the fish were sacrificed and dissected. Gonad samples were taken for histological evaluation of the sewage effects. The results showed an increase in vitellogenin induction in exposed fish, both males and females, depending on the different dilutions of the sewage effluent. In comparison with controls, the gonadosomatic index decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish exposed to 100% treated effluent. Although statistically not significant, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) was high in all exposed fish. Histological abnormalities in fish gonads were evaluated and related to the different percentages of sewage effluent. Seasonal variations found in estrogenic responses were attributed to weather influences on sewage dilution.     

从日本战时“国民组织化”反思其国民战争责任

第二次世界大战期间,日本的"国民组织化"这种战争动员形式,曾为二战时期德、意、日等法西斯国家的共有现象,但日本的国民组织化又有其自身的特点,为战时日本国民在对外侵略战争中起着重要的作用。日本必须反思侵华战争中日本国民的战争责任。     

Correlations of nonylphenol-ethoxylates and nonylphenol with biomarkers of reproductive function in carp (Cyprinus carpio) from the Cuyahoga River

Various chemical and biological measures were determined in carp (Cyprinus carpio) sampled from seven sites along the Cuyahoga River, Ohio; from the relatively pristine headwaters to the lower portion heavily polluted from various industrial, urban and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Levels of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs; NP1EO, NP2EO) and total NPEs (NP plus the NPEs) in fish increased in a downstream direction, with maximal values observed below the discharge of the Akron WWTP. In female fish there were no significant differences between sites in GSI or levels of vitellogenin (VTG) and 17beta-estradiol (E2). However, differences were observed between sites using measures of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and the ratio E2/11-KT. In male fish the highest levels of VTG were observed downstream of the Akron WWTP and a significant correlation (r=85%) between levels of NP and VTG was demonstrated. No site differences were observed in the measures of GSI, E2, 11-KT or the E2/11-KT ratio in male fish. These data suggest that endocrine active chemicals, such as, NP and NPEs are impacting fish downstream of the Akron WWTP; however, further work is warranted to separate linkages to other possible chemical factors in the water.     

饲料浮萍水平对黄金锦鲤生长性能、消化酶活力及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究浮萍Lemna minor对黄金锦鲤Cyprinus carpio生长性能、抗氧化和消化能力的影响,以初始体质量为(52.99±1.95)g的黄金锦鲤为研究对象,在饲料中分别添加0、3%、6%、9%、13%、14%的浮萍,相应替代同等水平的菜粕,制成6组等氮(粗蛋白质为38.5%~38.6%)、等能(12.2 MJ/kg)的饲料,分别记为D1(对照)、D2、D3、D4、D5、D6饲料组,将540尾健康的黄金锦鲤随机分成6组,每组设3个重复,每个重复放30尾鱼,养殖时间为8周。结果表明:D6饲料组增重率(WGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、特定生长率(SGR)和肥满度(CF)均显著高于对照组及添加水平为3%的饲料组(P<0.05),而其饲料系数(FCR)显著低于上述两组(P<0.05);D6饲料组蛋白酶活力与脂肪酶活力显著高于其他饲料组(P<0.05),各饲料组间淀粉酶活力则无显著性差异(P>0.05);D4与D6饲料组肝胰脏、脾脏、肾脏和血清中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力显著高于其他饲料组(P<0.05),且D6饲料组丙二醛(MDA)活力显著最低(P<0.05)。研究表明:本试验条件下,饲料中浮萍的添加水平在14%时,有利于黄金锦鲤的生长,并能提高鱼体抗氧化能力与消化酶活力。